List of American military locations in Germany

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Locations (military communities) and air bases (air bases) of the US armed forces in Germany 1990
Memorial stone to the US Brigade in Erlangen in front of the Ferris Barracks

The list of American military locations in Germany lists all military facilities of American associations in Germany, both closed and still existing. In order to preserve originality, the place names - as far as it seemed reasonable - follow the names used by the US armed forces (i.e. later community reforms are not taken into account). As the amount of data increased, it became necessary to list the individual garrisons on two separate pages: list of American military locations in southern Germany , list of American military locations in northern Germany .

The associations were subordinate to the following high command:

The American armed forces were initially organized as USFET (United States Forces European Theater) from August 1, 1945 to February 28, 1946 in Berlin and Frankfurt am Main, IG Farben Building . On March 15, 1947 they were reclassified to EUCOM (European Command) in Frankfurt, 1948 relocation from Frankfurt to Heidelberg, Campbell Barracks. On January 1, 1950, reclassification to USAREUR (United States Army Europe). USAREUR was subordinate to USEUCOM (United States European Command) , since 1967 in Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Patch Barracks.

The American air forces - still part of the US Army - were reclassified on August 16, 1945 from USSAF ( US Strategic Air Forces ) to USAFE (US Air Forces, Europe) in Wiesbaden, Lindsey Air Station. The subordination under EUCOM was lifted in 1950. 1972 Relocation to Ramstein Air Base. USAFE was subordinate to USEUCOM (United States European Command), since 1967 in Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Patch Barracks.

The American nuclear weapons on German soil formed the backbone of the North Atlantic Alliance. They were the crucial military element of the Cold War . The ability to use the nuclear arsenal and the will to ultimately use these weapons, conveyed to the enemy in a credible manner, formed the core element in the global bipolar conflict. The 59th Ordnance Brigade in Pirmasens was responsible for the nuclear operational capability of the USA . The United States Army Field Artillery Detachments (USAFAD) was responsible for the nuclear safekeeping according to the principle of the two keys - at the United States Army Artillery Detachments (USAAD), which were subordinate to the United States Army Artillery Groups (USAAG) at corps level. From 1958 the detachments were stationed with all nuclear-capable NATO allies on German soil (Germany, Great Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Canada (until 1984) and also France until 1966). The "Regency Net" system with the control center in Pirmasens was set up as a command and control network from 1976 to 1982. In an emergency, Regency Net would have served to transmit “Emergency Action Messages” from CINCEUR (in personal union also SACEUR) to release nuclear weapons for the national partners. For the Air Force there was an analogous organization with Munitions Support Squadrons (MUNSS) and an Munitions Maintenance Group in Ramstein.

The individual garrisons

Abbreviations

abbreviation text
FROM Air base
ACE Allied Command Europe
BAOR British Army of the Rhine
CINCEUR Commander in Chief USAREUR
JaboG Fighter-bomber squadron
MUNSS Munitions Support Squadron
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
RAFG Royal Air Force Germany
SACEUR Supreme Allied Commander Europe
SHAPE Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
USAAD United States Army Artillery Detachment
USAAG United States Army Artillery Group
USAFAD United States Army Field Artillery Detachment
USAFE United States Air Force in Europe
USAREUR United States Army in Europe
USEUCOM United States European Command

See also

literature

  • Benz, Wolfgang (ed.), Germany under Allied occupation 1945–1949/55, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1999.
  • Cunningham, Keith B. and Andreas Klemmer, Restructuring the US Military Bases in Germany, Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) Report 4, Bonn 1995.
  • Duke, Simon W., United States Military Forces and Installations in Europe, Oxford 1989.
  • Duke, Simon W. and Wolfgang Krieger (Eds.), US Military Forces in Europe. The Early Years 1945-1970, Westview Press, Boulder - San Francisco - Oxford 1993.
  • Elder, Christine and Elizabeth G. Sammis (Eds), 50 years Americans on the Rhine, US Embassy Bonn, Bonn 1999.
  • Frederiksen, Oliver, The American Military Occupation of Germany 1945–1953, Historical Division, US Army Europe, 1954.
  • Grieswelle, Detlev and Wilfried Schlau (eds.), Allied troops in the Federal Republic of Germany. Lectures and contributions by the Political Academy of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Issue 13, Bonn 1990.
  • Haglund, David G. and Olaf Mager (eds.), Homeward Bound ?, Allied Forces in the New Germany, Westview Press, Boulder 1992.
  • Harder, Hans-Joachim, Guarantors of Peace and Freedom: The US Forces in Germany 1945–1990, in: Maulucci, Thomas W. Jr. and Detlef Junker, GIs in Germany, Cambridge University Press, New York 2013, 37–54.
  • Henke, Klaus-Dietmar, The American Occupation of Germany, Oldenbourg-Verlag, Munich 1996.
  • Hickman, Donald J., The United States Army in Europe 1953-1963, Historical Division. US Army Europe, 1964.
  • Leuerer, Thomas, The Stationing of American Forces in Germany. Military communities of the US Army in Germany since 1945, Ergon-Verlag, Diss.University of Würzburg 1996.
  • Libby, Brian Arthur, Policing Germany. The United States Constabulary 1946-1952, Diss. Ph.D. Purdue University, Ann Arbor 1977.
  • Mako, William P., US Ground Forces and the Defense of Central Europe, Brookings Institution, Washington DC 1983.
  • Nelson, Daniel J., A History of US Military Forces in Germany, Westview Special Studies in Military Affairs, Boulder - London 1987.
  • Schraut, Hans-Jürgen, from occupier to protector. The change in US military strategy and the presence of American armed forces in Germany, 1945–1953, Diss. Uni Munich 1994.
  • Seiler, Signe, American soldiers in Germany, in: Grieswelle, Schlau (Ed.), Allied Troops in Germany, Bonn 1990.
  • Snyder, Thomas and Daniel F. Harrington, Historical Highlights. United States Air Forces in Europe 1942–1997, USAFE Office of History, Ramstein Air Base, 1997.
  • Stützle, Walther, United States Military Forces and Installations in Europe, SIPRI, Stockholm 1989.
  • Stützle, Walther, Europe After an American Withdrawal, SIPRI, Stockholm 1990.

Literature on individual garrisons

  • Bamberg
    • Becker, Hans, Americans in Bamberg. Main results of an empirical study, in: Grieswelle, Schlau (Hrsg.), Alliierte Truppen in Deutschland, Bonn 1990.
    • Becker, Hans and Joachim Burdack, Americans in Bamberg. An ethnic minority between segregation and integration, Bamberger Geographische Schriften, special series, Bamberg 1987.
  • Berlin
    • Domentat, Tamara, Coca-Cola, Jazz and AFN. Berlin and the Americans, Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf Verlag, Berlin 1995.
    • Grathwol, Robert P. and Donita M. Moorhus, Berlin and the American Military, New York University Press, New York 1999.
    • Heidenfelder, Gabriele, From Duppel to Truman Plaza. The Berlin American Community from 1965 to 1989, Lit Verlag, Hamburg 1998.
    • Wetzlaugk, Udo, The Allies in Berlin, Berlin 1988.
  • Bitburg Air Base
    • Neu, Peter (Ed.), Bitburg Airfield. Military location and economic factor of a region; Origin, development, closure, conversion = Air Base Bitburg: Eagle Country, published by the Zweckverband Flugplatz Bitburg, Druckerei Anders, Prüm 1998.
  • Frankfurt am Main
    • Schmidt, Hans-Joachim, Disarmament in Frankfurt? Statement on the question of possible US troop withdrawals from the area of ​​the city of Frankfurt, Hessian Foundation for Peace and Conflict Research, Frankfurt / Main 1990.
  • Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base
    • Jung, Hartmut, Fürstenfeldbruck. Chronicle of an air base (1935–1994), Fürstenfeldbruck 1994.
  • Marburg
    • Gimbel, John, A German Community Under American Occupation. Marburg 1945–1952, Stanford 1961.
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Herget, Winfried, Werner Kremp and Walter G. Rödel (eds.), Neighbor America. 50 years of Americans in Rhineland-Palatinate 1945–1995, Trier 1996.
  • Sembach Air Base
    • Plassmann, Max, The US Air Bases in Rhineland-Palatinate from the first planning to conversion with special consideration of Sembach, Master's thesis, Mainz 1996.
  • Stuttgart
    • Mönch, Winfried, "Little America" ​​in Greater Stuttgart. Notes on the US garrison 1945–1992, in: Die Alte Stadt. Quarterly magazine for city history, urban sociology and monument preservation. 21st year. 1/94, Kohlhammer-Verlag, Stuttgart 1994.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Forerunner 71st Ord Group Pirmasens (1955), renamed Advanced Weapons Support Command (AWSCOM) in 1959, merged in 1972 with the Special Ammunition Support Command (SASCOM), Frankfurt / Main, founded in 1965 to become 59th Ordnance Group (SASCOM), renamed in 1977 59th Ordnance Brigade.
  2. ↑ On February 18, 1986, the television magazine MONITOR identified a new threat to the population from “atomic bombs on the way”: Controlled from the headquarters of the 59th US Supply Brigade in Pirmasens, nuclear warheads are flown in via Ramstein to the nearby Miesau central warehouse. From there, nuclear ammunition is transported almost daily by air with the CH-47 Chinook transport helicopter to the following large camps throughout Germany: 1. Kellinghusen, 2. Lahn, 3. Telgte-Schirlheide (near Münster), 4. Büren / Paderborn, 5 Herbornseelbach, 6. Münster-Dieburg, 7. Siegelsbach, 8. Riedheim, 9. Fischbach, 10. War field. But nuclear warheads are also brought to the Pershings' air force bases and nuclear positions, as well as to numerous small nuclear weapons depots.
  3. ↑ Deduction of all 6 custodial teams with Operation FAST DRAW from July 1st to 5th, 1966.
  4. ↑ The nuclear equipment of the German Air Force took place under the "Wagon Train" program (BA-MA BW 1/12 422). The first unit was 1./JaboG 33 Büchel, where the nuclear weapons arrived in 1962/63 under the strictest guard of the Custodial Detachment. Militarization Atlas, p. 129 names air base camps: Memmingen, Büchel, Nörvenich, Hahn, Ramstein.
  5. ↑ ACE High was a USAFE operated communications facility for NATO. It was a forward scatter connection with the headquarters at SHAPE. From 1960 to 1966 the control center in Paris was on the Eiffel Tower (Tour Eiffel control center) and "Paris Nord" near Beauvais. The connection with BAOR / RAFG was established via Roetgen. In Europe there were 49 tropospheric scatters and 41 microwave (line of sight) stations. After France withdrew from military integration, a new connection was established from Casteau and Chièvres (Belgium) via Kindsbach and Feldberg / Black Forest to Dosso di Galli on Lake Garda (Italy).