Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt

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Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt (anonymous portrait; Wawel Castle , Krakow)

Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt (born November 14, 1668 in Genoa , † November 16, 1745 in Vienna ) was an Italian-born architect with German-speaking parents. He was one of the most important builders in Central Europe in the Baroque era .

Life

Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt studied fine art and architecture in Rome with Carlo Fontana , which in terms of its formal language and use of certain building types should remain formative for his entire work. In earlier research, these Roman roots were always somewhat underestimated, but church building in particular is interspersed with motifs that Hildebrandt von Fontana was able to get to know and convey through him. Even in secular building, Roman, but also northern Italian experiences have a very clear effect.

In 1701 he took up the post of imperial court engineer in Vienna . In this office he was in constant competition with the first court architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach . In 1720 he was raised to the nobility and in 1723 after the death of JB Fischer von Erlach his successor as first court architect. Hildebrandt spent his twilight years in Vienna- Josefstadt in the house at Schlösselgasse 12.

Hildebrandt's fame as an architect is based primarily on his secular buildings. With the Upper Belvedere , he created an impressive building and, from 1730, contributed with his thoughts and designs to the construction of the Würzburg Residence , the most important residential building of his time, by Balthasar Neumann . His intervention in the planning Neumann in particular in the columned architecture with rise of columns and dome pillars of the court church in the residence visible, but also in for Hildebrandt (about the Upper Belvedere in Vienna or in the Georg Raphael Donner -Stiege in Mirabell Palace to the characteristic ornamentation of the facade of the Würzburg Fichtelhof . The ensemble of statues at the end of the courtyard of the Würzburg Residence designed by Hildebrandt has been lost. Hildebrandt's architecture is characterized by a keen sense for physical compositions of great lightness as well as for rich plastic details.

His greatest talent lies in decoration, the facades of his buildings are formed into a graphic whole with artistically intertwined ribbons. In this he behaves in an antipodal manner to Fischer von Erlach, for whom the architectural structure is always transparent. The silhouettes of his buildings are also broken down into individual parts, which gives them a restless and agile impression. One speaks here of the Hildebrandt pavilion system , which is typically shown to advantage at Belvedere Palace.

Hildebrandt's pleasing style of design gave him a tremendous aftereffect, especially in Vienna.

In 1894 Hildebrandgasse in Vienna- Währing was named after him.

Works

Vienna - Belvedere Palace, upper (4) .JPG
Upper Belvedere
Vienna - Lower Belvedere.JPG
Lower Belvedere
Vienna - Januariuskapelle.JPG
Januarius Chapel (Palais Harrach)
Vienna - Peterskirche (2) .JPG
Peterskirche in Vienna
Nepomuk Göllersdorf.jpg
Johannes Nepomuk Chapel near Schönborn Palace
Court church in the Würzburg residence, built by Balthasar Neumann from 1732 to 1743 with the participation of Johann von Hildebrandt

The imperial quarry

Stonemason invoice 1730 Harrach Garden Palace in Ungargasse, signatures from architect Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt and master stonemason Elias Hügel

Mainly supporting architectural parts were made of the hardest Kaiserstein , so an intensive collaboration with Kaisersteinbruch masters is documented.

literature

sorted by year of publication

  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Hildebrand, Johann Lucas von . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 9th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1863, p. 16 ( digitized version ).
  • Moritz Dreger : About Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. In: Arts and Crafts. Volume 10, Vienna 1907, pp. 295-297.
  • Bruno Grimschitz : Joh. Lucas von Hildebrandt's artistic development up to the year 1725. Vienna 1922.
  • Bruno Grimschitz: Hildebrandt . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 17 : Heubel – Hubard . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1924, p. 77-79 .
  • Bruno Grimschitz: Two designs by Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt for the Vienna Belvedere. In: Belvedere. Volume 7, Vienna 1925, pp. 133-135.
  • Franz Wilhelm: Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. His personality and the relationship with his clients. In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Vienna. Volume 8, Vienna 1928, pp. 59–73.
  • Bruno Grimschitz: Johann Lucas von Hildebrandts church buildings. In: Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte. Volume 6, Vienna 1929, pp. 205-301
  • Bruno Grimschitz: Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Vienna 1932.
  • Bruno Grimschitz: Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Vienna and Munich 1959.
  • Manfred Leithe-Jasper: The Czernin Garden Palace on the Wieden - An early work by Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt? In: Castles and palaces in Austria. Volume 2, Vienna 1966, pp. 12-19.
  • Manfred Leithe-Jasper: The Palais Corbelli-Schoeller. Attempt to present his position within the palace architecture of the Viennese high baroque and his attribution to Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. In: Castles and palaces in Austria. Volume 3, Vienna 1967, pp. 15-25.
  • Hans Reuther :  Hildebrandt, Johann Lucas von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , pp. 127-130 ( digitized version ).
  • Manfred Koller : The unknown circle of artists from Johann Lucas Hildebrandt's early work. In: Ancient and Modern Art. Volume 18 / 130-131, Vienna 1973, pp. 29-37.
  • Wilhelm Georg Rizzi: Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Additional research on his work. Vienna (Diss.) 1975.
  • Wilhelm Georg Rizzi: The dome church buildings Johann Lucas von Hildebrandts. In: Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte. Volume 29, Vienna / Cologne / Graz 1976, pp. 121–155
  • Wilhelm Georg Rizzi: About Johann Lucas von Hildebrandts activity in the Lower Austrian castles of the Reich Vice Chancellor Schönborn. In: Ancient and Modern Art. Volume 21, Vienna 1976, pp. 10-21.
  • Beverly F. Heisner: Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt's Mansfeld-Fondi Garden Palace and the Mannerist Villa Giulia. In: Files of the XXV. International Congress of Art History. Vienna, 4. – 10. September 1983, ed. v. Hermann Fillitz , Martina Pippal , Vienna / Cologne / Graz 1986, Volume 7 [Vienna and the European Baroque], pp. 51–54.
  • Günther G. Bauer : Divae Virgini Sine Labe Conceptae. The model of the Immakulata column based on the missing design by Lucas von Hildebrandt in the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum [leaflet] The work of art of the month, Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum, Salzburg 1988.
  • Ulrich Fürst: St. Laurentius in Gabel and the Piarist Church in Vienna. Two curved church buildings by Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Munich 1991.
  • Vincent Mayr: Observations on Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt's garden pavilion in Obersiebenbrunn . In: Die Gartenkunst 4 (2/1992), pp. 232–235.
  • Ulrich Fürst: The living and visible histori. Programmatic themes in the sacred architecture of the Baroque (Fischer von Erlach, Hildebrandt, Santini). Regensburg 2002.
  • Peter Heinrich Jahn: Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt (1668-1745). Sacred architecture for the imperial family and the nobility. Planning history and project analytical studies on the Peters and Piarist Church in Vienna and the Loreto shrine in Rumburg Petersberg 2011.

Web links

Commons : Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 649, 652, 654, 656 f. and 664.
  2. ↑ Johann Georg Haresleben , Giovanni Battista Passerini , Simon Sasslaber , Franz Trumler , Elias Hügel in: Helmuth Furch , Historisches Lexikon Kaisersteinbruch were named (selection) . Volume 2 I – Z, Index Haresleben Joh., Passerini Giovanni, Sasslaber Simon, Trumler Franz, Hügel Elias. Museum and cultural association Kaisersteinbruch , Bruckneudorf-Kaisersteinbruch 2004.
  3. ^ Historical lexicon Kaisersteinbruch. Volume 2 I-Z. PDF.
personal data
SURNAME Hildebrandt, Johann Lucas von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hildebrandt, Lukas von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Builder in the Baroque era
DATE OF BIRTH November 14, 1668
PLACE OF BIRTH Genoa
DATE OF DEATH November 16, 1745
Place of death Vienna