Ludwig Leybold

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Bust of Ludwig Leybold in the Herman cemetery

Ludwig Leybold (born August 5, 1833 in Munich , † March 24, 1891 in Augsburg ) was a German architect and municipal building officer . Between 1866 and 1891, as a town planning officer, he shaped the urban development of Augsburg into a modern industrial city. Wide streets and parks in the city go back to Leybold; his buildings, which were mainly built in the neo-renaissance style, as well as ensembles in the streets planned by him are - as far as they are preserved - listed .

Life

Section of a city map of Augsburg with part of the streets shaped by Leybold and the city garden (1905)

Ludwig Leybold's father Friedrich Leybold was a royal chief geometer . His mother Anna Leybold, née Benz, was a close relative of Franz Xaver Gabelsberger .

From 1843 to 1847 he attended the Latin school in Munich and from 1847 to 1849 the trade school . From 1849 to 1853 he attended the Polytechnic School in Munich and completed his studies with the state examination for civil construction . After his training, Leybold worked from 1854 under the direction of Gottfried Neureuther at the Royal Railway Commission in Munich. There he worked on the planning of the Munich – Starnberg railway line and the Würzburg train station . In 1854 he passed the teaching examination as a drawing teacher. He then worked as a drawing teacher at the trade school in Kaiserslautern . In 1857 he married Maria Martha Kley from Mannheim . In 1858 he became a construction assistant at the Royal Building Authority in Kaiserslautern, and in 1860 he was transferred to Kaufbeuren as a construction assistant . In 1861 and 1862 he made study trips to the Netherlands , Belgium and France with a government grant . After describing his travels in writing, he was transferred to Munich as a construction assistant. In 1863 he started his own business as a civil engineer in Augsburg . From 1864 Leybold worked as an engineer at the municipal construction office in Augsburg. In 1866 he was elected its head, as the successor to the Augsburg city planning officer Jakob Graff . In 1867 he traveled to Paris , London and the Netherlands on another scholarship . In 1869 he traveled to Salzburg , Graz and Vienna . He traveled to Paris for the World Exhibition in 1878 and the World Exhibition in 1889 , and in 1878 also for the 3rd annual meeting of the Association of German Architects and Engineers' Associations in Dresden .

After the demolition of large parts of the historic Augsburg city fortifications from 1860 as part of the demolition , the Augsburg old town was opened to the west. On the free areas between the old town and the (then) new train station in today's Bahnhofsviertel , Leybold designed wide streets and boulevards following the example of many other European metropolises: the western Wallstraße, the Klinkertorstraße, the Volkhartstraße, the Fuggerstraße and the Kaiserstraße (today's Konrad -Adenauer-Allee ).

Leybold planned a ring road around Augsburg based on the example of Vienna , which should encompass the entire old town. However, this was never completed, but was limited to the sections Volkhartstrasse / Fuggerstrasse / Kaiserstrasse. The most splendid of Leybold's streets is Fuggerstrasse, a 48-meter-wide boulevard that was lined with the townhouses of wealthy citizens and department stores. At its northern end, the “ Great House ” has been eye-catching since 1877 (formerly the City Theater, now the State Theater Augsburg ). At its southern end, the former location of the Gögginger Tor , the Königsplatz was created, which today is a junction for local public transport . With the exception of the demolition of the city fortifications, Leybold attached great importance to preserving the medieval old town of Augsburg as undisturbed as possible.

In the 1870s, at the suggestion of Leybold, who endeavored to compensate for the loss of green areas caused by industrialization by creating new green areas, the local recreation area Siebentischanlagen was created .

Leybold built over a dozen schools in Augsburg, u. a. the schoolhouse on the left of the Wertach (1870), the girls '(1872) and boys' school (1876/77) near St. Max, the schoolhouse on the right of the Wertach (1879), the elementary school of St. Jakob (1887), and school buildings for the south-west end (1889) and the Wertach suburbs (1893). The St. Anna elementary school (today St. Anna elementary school ) is considered to be its most magnificent school building . In the Beethoven quarter on Stettenstrasse, too, some magnificent villas were built based on Leybold's designs around 1880 . Another building by Leybold is the extension of the Augsburg town hall , which was built between 1889 and 1890. At the beginning of 1891 Leybold was promoted to senior building officer.

Ludwig Leybold died on March 24, 1891 at the age of 57 in Augsburg. His tomb with a bronze bust in the Catholic cemetery on Hermanstrasse has been preserved and has been maintained by the City of Augsburg as a grave of honor since 2017 . Leybold's successor as town planning officer was Fritz Steinhäußer , who held the office until 1911.

Ludwig and Maria Martha Leybold had seven children, Karl, Wilhelm, Ludwig jr., Anna, Friedrich, Max and Friederike Leybold. Leybold's estate (collection of plans, 30 works, 2 running meters) is in the Augsburg city archive . After the town hall was destroyed in World War II , the exact drawings in Leybold's sketchbook served as an important basis for the restoration of the Golden Hall and the north-western Prince's Room .

Swabian district exhibition 1886

Pavilion in the city garden

In 1886 Ludwig Leybold designed the Swabian District, Industry, Trade and Art History Exhibition . For this exhibition, the city ​​garden was created on the Thennschen Gartengut on today's Gögginger Straße , in the area of ​​which 350 large trees were planted. The temporary exhibition buildings were largely made of wood according to plans by Ludwig Leybold, Jean Keller and Karl Albert Gollwitzer . After the end of the exhibition, the area was used as a city garden with a café and music pavilion. In 1889 a concert hall with 2000 seats was added. It burned down in 1910 and was replaced in 1914 by the Ludwigsbau festival and concert hall , which in turn was replaced by the congress hall in 1968/1972, today's Kongress am Park . The singing hall , built in 1900, offered space for 6000 people for large events of all kinds; it burned down in 1934.

All buildings of the Swabian district exhibition were demolished in the 20th century; the only relic is a wrought iron pavilion at the congress at the park. The city garden is now part of the larger Wittelsbacher Park .

Buildings (selection)

  • 1870s: Ensemble Fuggerstrasse / Volkhartstrasse / Schaezlerstrasse, as an ensemble under monument protection
  • 1872–1873: St. Anna elementary school, Schaezlerstraße 26,
    palatial, three-storey building with a flat gable roof and mezzanine , longitudinal wing between two transverse side wings, neo-renaissance
  • around 1880: Double apartment building at Stettenstrasse 6/8,
    two-storey hipped roof construction with risalits and late Classicist structure with a Tuscan portico
  • around 1880: Villa Stettenstrasse 10 (formerly Hühnerstrasse)
    two-storey hipped roof building with risalits and late classicist structure, with a Tuscan portico
  • around 1880: Villa Stettenstrasse 12 (formerly Hühnerstrasse),
    two-storey, asymmetrical hipped roof building with a tower-like central projection and rich late-classical structure
  • 1882: Residential and commercial building at Bahnhofstrasse 21,
    three-storey corner building with gable , domed corner bay and rich plaster structure, neo-renaissance
  • 1889–1890: Extension to the Augsburg town hall with a
    five-storey hipped roof building with corner and central projections, towards the fish market a loggia in the neo-Renaissance style

as well as various private buildings on Hermannstrasse

  • St. Anna primary school

  • Double apartment building Stettenstraße 6/8

  • Villa Stettenstrasse 10

  • Villa Stettenstrasse 12

  • Residential and commercial building at Bahnhofstrasse 21

  • Extension to the Augsburg town hall

Other works (selection)

  • 1873 Monumental plan of the city of Augsburg
  • Ludwig Leybold (Ed., Posthumously): The town hall of the city of Augsburg. Ch.Claesen & Co., Berlin 1892.

Honors

  • In Augsburg-Hochfeld , Leyboldstrasse was named after him.
  • In the Schwaben Architecture Museum , Ludwig Leybold's work was dedicated to the exhibition “The Departure into a New Era - Augsburg under Stadtbaurat Ludwig Leybold (1866-1891)”, which was shown there from September 12 to December 8, 2019.
  • Honorary grave of the city of Augsburg

Web links

Commons : Ludwig Leybold  - Collection of Images

literature

  • Alexandra Rauch: Departure into a new era. Augsburg under city planning officer Ludwig Leybold . Ed .: Architekturmuseum Schwaben. Augsburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-9819240-1-5 (exhibition catalog).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Alexandra Rauch: Departure into a new era. Augsburg under city planning officer Ludwig Leybold. 2019, p. 129.
  2. ^ Journal of the Historical Association for Swabia and Neuburg , year 1888, p. 30.
  3. ↑ a b c d Alexandra Rauch: Departure into a new era. Augsburg under city planning officer Ludwig Leybold. 2019, p. 131.
  4. ^ Exhibition Ludwig Leybold - in the Architekturmuseum Schwaben until Dec. 8, 2019. In: Geheimtippaugsburg.de. Retrieved November 27, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Establishment of two honor graves. City of Augsburg, March 20, 2017, accessed on November 28, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Claus Grimm (Ed.): Departure into the industrial age. Volume 1, Lines of Development History . R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-486-52721-5 , pp. 118 ( limited preview on Google Books , with misleading bibliographical information).
  7. ↑ Alexandra Schmid: History of houses. In: House directory Augsburg. History workshop Augsburg, accessed on November 26, 2019 .
  8. ^ Leybold, Ludwig (1833-1891). Federal Archives, accessed on November 28, 2019 .
  9. ^ Ulrich Kirstein, Hermann Kießling: Leybold. In: Stadtlexikon Augsburg. Wißner Verlag, accessed on January 17, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Swabian district exhibition in Augsburg 1886 . Himmer, 1886 ( limited preview on Google Books ).
  11. ^ Exhibition Ludwig Leybold - in the Architekturmuseum Schwaben until Dec. 8, 2019. In: Geheimtippaugsburg.de. Retrieved November 27, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Michael Ritter: City plans. In: Stadtlexikon Augsburg. Wißner Verlag, accessed on November 28, 2019 .
  13. ^ Franz Häussler: Photography in Augsburg 1839 to 1900 . with a picture part from the photo treasures of the Augsburg city archive. Wißner-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-89639-432-3 , pp. 76 ( limited preview on Google Books ).
  14. ↑ Werner Lutz: Augsburg's way to the modern city 1907-72 . Architekturmuseum Schwaben, 2001, ISBN 978-3-9807563-1-0 , p. 13 ( limited preview of Google Books ).
  15. ↑ The dawn of a new era. Augsburg under city planning officer Ludwig Leybold (1866–1891). Architekturmuseum Schwaben, accessed on November 26, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Leybold, Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect and municipal building officer, city planning officer in Augsburg
DATE OF BIRTH August 5, 1833
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH March 24, 1891
Place of death augsburg