Milano Centrale railway station
Milano Centrale | |
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View of the reception building
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Data | |
Design | Terminus |
Platform tracks | 24 |
IBNR | 8300046 |
opening | 1931 |
Architectural data | |
architect | Ulisse Stacchini |
location | |
City / municipality | Milan |
Metropolitan city | Metropolitan city of Milan |
region | Lombardy |
Country | Italy |
Coordinates | 45 ° 29 '11 " N , 9 ° 12' 17" E |
List of train stations in Italy |
The Stazione di Milano Centrale (or Milano Centrale for short ) in Milan is a terminus station and one of the most important train stations in the European transport network. It was officially inaugurated in 1931 to replace the old central station from 1864, which had not been able to cope with the increased volume of traffic since the inauguration of the Simplon Tunnel in 1906. Access to part of the station around the tracks is prohibited without a ticket .
history
King Vittorio Emanuele III. laid the foundation stone for the building on April 28, 1906, even before a precise construction plan was available. The actual construction work began in 1913.
Due to the economic crisis in Italy triggered by the First World War, construction work progressed only slowly. The entrance building was initially planned as a simple structure, but over time it became more complex and monumental, especially when Benito Mussolini became Prime Minister and the structure was intended to represent the strength of the fascist regime.
The first changes concerned the construction of new platforms with a steel platform hall 341 meters long and a total area of 66,500 square meters by Alberto Fava . The construction work was resumed and completed in 1925 until the station was inaugurated on July 1, 1931.
The main train station is one of the Grandi Stazioni of Italy and has been renovated since August 2005 by Ferrovie dello Stato , which operates the thirteen main train stations in Italy . In 2010 the station was named after Saint Francis Xaviera Cabrini (Francesca Saverio Cabrini) , but it is only referred to as Milano Centrale in the signs and in the timetable .
architecture
The architect of the Stazione Centrale was Ulisse Stacchini , who won the architecture competition in 1912. The planning was based on Union Station in Washington, DC . His eclectic style contains both historicist elements, for example from Roman and classicist monumental architecture, as well as those from Art Nouveau and Art Deco . Completely completed in 1935, it was no longer stylistically up-to-date, but its heavy forms corresponded to the taste of the fascists. Other major railway stations in Italy were already being built in a much more modern design at this time, such as the Santa Maria Novella station in Florence . The style of the Milano Centrale was also mocked as Assiro-Milanese (Assyrian-Milanese). The reception building is 200 meters wide and 72 meters high.
Photo by Paolo Monti , 1969
Emblem on the facade: the Roman SPQR and the fascist lictors' bundle
Art Nouveau fountain on the outer wall
Entrance hall with Art Deco lamps
capacity
The terminus has 24 tracks; 320,000 passengers from around 500 trains use it every day, making a total of 120 million passengers a year.
The only long-distance train from / to / via Milan that does not stop at Central Station is the EuroStar Torino Porta Nuova - Milan - Roma Termini train , which starts at Milano Porta Garibaldi station. Between 2012 and 2018, the train station was not used by Trenitalia's competitor Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori , instead they stopped at Porta Garibaldi and Rogoredo. Since May 2018 these trains have been running on the route from Turin to Venice and to Rome via Milano Centrale.
However, the station is not connected to the suburban railways of the Lombard capital, the Servizio ferroviario suburbano di Milano . A planned tunnel between Centrale, Porta Garibaldi and the Porta Genova train station is intended to remedy this problem.
The Stazione Centrale is also an important junction locally: Lines 2 and 3 of the Metropolitana di Milano meet there, as do numerous bus and tram lines .
Platform 21
From December 1943 to January 1945, Italian Jews and political prisoners were deported from platform 21 (then platform 1). Platform level 21 on the side below the main hall was originally used by the post office as a sorting and loading station and had a separate entrance in Via Ferrante Aporti on the east side of the train station, to which the prisoners from the San Vittore prison, which serves as a collective camp, can be accessed were brought.
The first train with Jewish prisoners went straight to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp on December 6, 1943 . Of the 169 deportees on the first transport, only 6 survived the Holocaust . The last train left Milan on January 15, 1945. By then, 20 transports had departed, twelve with Jewish, five with political and three with mixed Jewish and political prisoners. Most of the transports with the Jewish prisoners went to Auschwitz via the Fossoli transit camp . The political prisoners partly via Fossoli or via the Bolzano transit camp to Bergen-Belsen , Ravensbrück or Flossenbürg .
A memorial there has been commemorating the Shoa since 2013. The memorial also includes a wall with the names of the 774 Jews who were deported to Auschwitz on the first two transports, 27 of whom survived, including the senator Liliana Segre for life .
traffic
Numerous large cities in Italy and neighboring countries can be reached by long-distance transport. There are direct connections to Zurich , Marseille , Rome and Naples , among others .
The following regional lines serve Milano Centrale:
line | course |
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RE 2 | Milano Centrale - Milano Lambrate - Pioltello-Limito - Verdello-Dalmine - Bergamo |
RE 4 | Domodossola - Verbania-Pallanza - Stresa - Arona - Sesto Calende - Gallarate - Busto Arsizio - Rho Fiera - Milano Centrale |
RE 6 | Milano Centrale - Milano Lambrate - Pioltello-Limito - Treviglio - Romano - Chiari - Rovato - Brescia - Desenzano del Garda-Sirmione - Peschiera del Garda - Verona Porta Nuova |
RE 8 | Tirano - Tresenda-Aprica-Teglio - Sondrio - Morbegno - Colico - Bellano-Tartavalle Terme - Varenna-Esino-Perledo - Lecco - Monza - Milano Centrale |
RE 10 | Bellinzona - Lugano - Chiasso - Como San Giovanni - Seregno - Monza - Milano Centrale |
RE 11 | Milano Centrale - Milano Lambrate - Milano Rogoredo - Lodi - Codogno - Ponte d'Adda - Cremona - Piadena - Mantova |
RE 13 | Milano Centrale - Milano Lambrate - Milano Rogoredo - Pavia - Voghera - Tortona - Alessandria |
R 28 | Malpensa Aeroporto - Ferno-Lonate Pozzolo - Busto Arsizio Nord - Castellanza - Rescaldina - Saronno - Milano Nord Bovisa - Milano Porta Garibaldi - Milano Centrale |
- MXP Malpensa Express
literature
- Wolfgang Messerschmidt: Fifty years of “Milano Centrale” . In: Alfred B. Gottwaldt (ed.): Lok magazine . No. 110 . Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, W. Keller & Co. , 1981, ISSN 0458-1822 , p. 332-337 .
Movie
- Railway station cathedrals - Europe's travel palaces. Milan. (OT: Gares d'Europe, les temples du voyage. Milan. ) Documentary film, France, 2018, 52:16 min., Script and director: Jeremy JP Fekete , production: Yuzu Productions, Laokoon Filmgroup, Stefilm international, ServusTV , arte France, series: Bahnhofskathedralen - Europe's travel palaces (OT: Gares d'Europe, les temples du voyage ), first broadcast: October 27, 2016 on arte, synopsis by ARD .
Web links
- MilanoCentrale.it - Milano Centrale railway station (Italian, English)
- Pictures and notes about the renovation work. In: StazioneCentrale.org , (Italian)
- Milano Centrale - where past and present meet: monster, wonder, historical place. In: NZZ , February 5, 2008
- Memoriale della Shoa (Italian / English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Richard Deiss : Vane Cathedral and Sugar Beet Station. A short story about 200 European train stations . BoD, Norderstedt 2013, ISBN 3-8482-7487-6 , p. 78: Milano Centrale - the imitation imitation.
- ↑ Henning Klüver : Instructions for use for Milan , Piper, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-492-27633-7 , pp. 61-62, reference .
- ^ Memoriale della Shoa di Milano. (pdf) In: wheremilan.com. Retrieved February 5, 2020 (Italian).
line | course |
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Cologno Nord - Cologno Centro - Cologno Sud - Gessate - Cascina Antonietta - Gorgonzola - Villa Pompea - Bussero - Cassina de 'Pecchi - Villa Fiorita - Cernusco sul Naviglio - Cascina Burrona - Vimodrone - |
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Comasina - Affori FN - Affori Centro - Dergano - Maciachini - Zara - Sondrio - Centrale FS - Repubblica - Turati - Montenapoleone - Duomo - Missori - Crocetta - Porta Romana - Lodi TIBB - Brenta - Corvetto - Porto di Mare - Rogoredo FS - San Donato |