Shell joke

Myšecy shell joke Municipality of Göda Coordinates: 51 ° 12 ′ 38 "  N , 14 ° 18 ′ 59"  E
Height :	173 m above sea level NHN
Area :	1.58 km²
Residents :	82  (December 31, 2016)
Population density :	52 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	March 1, 1994
Postal code :	02633
Area code :	035937

Aerial view

Muschelwitz , in Sorbian Myšecy ^{? / i} , is a place in the Saxon district of Bautzen . Since 1994 it has belonged to the municipality of Göda , which borders Bautzen to the west. Muschelwitz is part of the official Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia .

geography

The Schwarzwassers floodplain near Muschelwitz

location

The place is located in Upper Lusatia and is surrounded by the villages of Sollschwitz in the northwest, Löschau in the east, Döbschke in the southeast and Prischwitz in the southwest.

geomorphology

The relief is wavy and sloping to the north. The Saxon natural area structure describes the region as the Upper Lusatian region . It is part of the natural region of the Saxon Loess Field , which in the Muschelwitz area only has a north-south extension of about 15 kilometers and narrows further to the east. The relatively flat Upper Lusatian heath and pond area borders to the north, and the Upper Lusatian highlands to the south .

Today’s treasure trove of forms emerged predominantly in the Quaternary period, particularly under the influence of the last ice ages . It includes, among other things, channels, trough valleys as well as loess plates and ridges. Muschelwitz lies on the right bank of the black water , which belongs to the Elbe catchment area and is largely regulated here.

geology

Almost the entire town center lies on the Holocene floodplain sediments of the black water. In the north towards Sollschwitz, not directly in the settlement, sediments from Vistula period low terraces emerge. Furthermore, in the north, northeast and east there are meltwater deposits from the retreating ice of the Elster Cold Age . The Muschelwitz area was covered by the ice masses of the Elster and Saale cold ages . However, at the eastern exit of the village - and there mainly south of the road ( K 7275 ) - there is Cadomian - Cambrian granodiorite . These storage conditions mark a pronounced layer gap between the Cambrian and the Quaternary, which in this form only arose with the erosion processes of the Ice Ages.

No raw material deposits are reported around Muschelwitz.

climate

The region lies in the cool, temperate transition zone between oceanic and continental climates (according to Troll and Paffen) or the temperate climate zone with transitional climate according to Neef . The annual mean temperature of 8.5 ° C for Bautzen should roughly correspond to that of Prischwitz. July is the warmest month with an average of 18.2 ° C and January is the coldest month with −1.2 ° C. With a corresponding general weather situation, cold air flowing in from the Bohemian Basin can also reach temperatures down to −15 ° C. This phenomenon is popularly known as the “Bohemian wind”. The mean annual precipitation is between 670 and 690 mm due to the rain shadow of the Oberlausitzer Bergland. This means that the area has relatively little rainfall. The wettest month is July with a long-term average with 80 to 90 mm, the wettest month is January with about 40 mm.

vegetation

The potential natural vegetation in the Black Water Valley consists of bird cherry-alder-ash forest, on the glacifluvial sediments of typical hornbeam-sessile oak forest in a complex with grass-rich hornbeam-sessile oak forest and in the grooves of the loess areas of forest ziest- hornbeam-pedunculate oak forest . The existing vegetation is limited to a few small pieces of forest, which are mainly located on the agriculturally unusable slopes of the channels.

history

Population development in Muschelwitz
year	Residents
1559	8 farmers, 2 cottagers
1764	8 farmers, 3 cottagers
1834	86
1871	92
1890	100
1910	100
1925	96
2008	102
2009	100
2011	93

View of Muschelwitz, 1988

Muschelwitz was first mentioned as "Mislesovici" in 1088 in connection with the establishment of the Vyšehrad monastery near Prague by the Bohemian King Vratislav II. The two villages of Muschelwitz and Kubschütz also belonged to his income security . Since the distant monastery could not take over the administration itself, the two villages were assigned to the knight Friedrich von Burk as a fief in the 13th century . The supremacy of the monastery ended in 1249 when the monastery provost - with royal approval - sold both places to Bishop Konrad I of Meissen. This changed the jurisdiction from the Ortenburg to Meißen and the taxes went to the bishop. This appointed a new vassal to administer the places. At that time, the surrounding towns were already part of the Meissen diocese .

At the beginning of the 14th century , Lusatia came to the Ascanians . However, Margrave Johann von Brandenburg decided that the Bishop of Meissen could continue to keep all his rights. Around 1400, Gut Muschelwitz was handed over to the Lords of Bolbritz for administration, who owned it until the first quarter of the 17th century . Since 1638 at the latest, the landlords had the lower jurisdiction in the form of the patrimonial court . The court for Muschelwitz existed until at least 1849. However, the high level of jurisdiction was incumbent on the Stolpen office until the middle of the 19th century . With a service of ¹ ⁄ ₄  knight horse, the duties of the owner were rather minor. During the Thirty Years' War it was sold to Hans Wolf von Gersdorf . After his death, Wolf von Maxen got the estate and finally his son-in-law, Herr von Werthern , in whose family it remained until 1670. In the same year the estates bought Muschelwitz together with Rattwitz for 10,000 thalers and from then until 1695 Kaspar von Schönberg was the lord of Muschelwitz. After his death, his son-in-law Christoph Friedrich von Gersdorf and his family took over the property until 1751. The rule of Hans Heinrich von Zeschwitz lasted on Pieskowitz for only one year , because as early as 1752 the governor Georg Ernst von Gersdorf bought the two places. His widow kept it until 1787 and then handed it over to the von Marschall family. Their supremacy ended in 1832, when the frond and burdens were abolished and all places were free. The remaining fronden were converted into an annually payable pension, which had to be paid for the last time in 1914.

For his statistics on the Sorbian population in Upper Lusatia, Arnošt Muka determined a population of 96 inhabitants for the place in the 1880s; 94 of them were Sorbs (98%) and two were Germans.

Until 1936 Muschelwitz formed an independent rural community; on April 1, 1936, it was incorporated into Prischwitz . The municipality of Prischwitz has belonged to Göda since 1994.

A testimony to the earlier years of (Christian) settlement is a cross stone found during clearing-up work.

Settlement structure and land use

Archway and house of the four-sided courtyard Muschelwitz No. 3

Half-timbered house Muschelwitz No. 2

The Muschelwitz settlement is an alley village with a block corridor . This original structure can still be seen very well on the Saxon Miles Sheet from 1804. There is (e) a balanced relationship between the four-sided courtyard and three-sided courtyard , and there are also individual houses.

Land use is largely limited to agriculture due to the relatively good soils. Muschelwitz belongs to the district 16 Burkau of the forest district of Oberlausitz.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

The federal motorway 4 runs about 850 m south of the town center, the two closest junctions being Salzenforst and Uhyst am Taucher . Muschelwitz is connected to public transport by two bus routes. These are in the area of ​​the Zweckverband Verkehrsverbund Oberlausitz-Niederschlesien ( ZVON ). The next train station is Seitschen (6.5 km).

education

Until 1884, the children of Muschelwitz, Sollschwitz and Prischwitz attended the association school in Bolbritz. As early as December 1883, the decision was made to leave the Bolbritz school district and set up a school or school district in Muschelwitz. The new school building was completed on October 13, 1884 and its inauguration took place two days later. Shortly after the Second World War, the school was closed on the orders of the occupying forces. After that, the (elementary school) lessons took place in Storcha , later in Bolbritz and then until today in Göda.

There is currently a daycare center called “Kinderhaus am Storchennest”, which has been housed in the old schoolhouse for many years.

electricity

In 1915 the school received electric lighting. At this point at the latest, a nationwide connection to the power grid can be assumed.

Business

Muschelwitz currently has companies in the hospitality and construction industries, as well as various other services and trades. There was a carpentry shop until 1946 and a forge until 1998. A mill with two gears (1803) already existed in 1488 and was still working at the end of the 19th century.

Web links

Commons : Muschelwitz / Myšecy  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Muschelwitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

literature

• Chronicle of the school in Muschelwitz - for the 50th anniversary and local festival . July 1, 1934.
• Municipal administration Göda (Hrsg.): Göda - millennial. Festschrift for the anniversary . 2nd Edition. Bautzen 2006, ISBN 3-936758-36-0 .
• CC Gercken (Ed.): History of the city and Bergvestung Stolpen . Dresden and Leipzig 1764.
• Gustav Adolf Pönicke (Hrsg.): Album of the manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony according to nature, newly recorded by F. Heise, Architect. Section II: Meissen Circle. Leipzig ( online at Wikisource - around 1860).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Geological overview map 1: 200 000, sheet CC 5550 Görlitz. Retrieved September 13, 2014 . 
2. ↑ Potential natural vegetation in Saxony. Retrieved July 7, 2016 . 
3. ↑ Muschelwitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
4. ↑ Inventory 50466 Patrimonial Court Muschelwitz. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv , Staatsfilialarchiv Bautzen , accessed on July 7, 2016 . 
5. ↑ Ernst Tschernik : The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 56 .
6. ↑ www.Suehnekreuz.de. Retrieved November 19, 2008 .