Prischwitz

Prischwitz Prěčecy Municipality of Göda Coordinates: 51 ° 12 ′ 24 ″  N , 14 ° 18 ′ 16 ″  E
Height :	175 m above sea level NHN
Residents :	176  (December 31, 2016)
Incorporation :	March 1, 1994
Postal code :	02633
Area code :	035937
The black water near Prischwitz

Aerial view

Prischwitz , in Sorbian Prěčecy ^{? / i} , is a place in the Saxon district of Bautzen . Since 1994 it has belonged to the municipality of Göda , which borders Bautzen to the west and is located in the Sorbian settlement area .

geography

location

The place is located in Upper Lusatia and is surrounded by the villages of Muschelwitz in the northeast, Döbschke in the southeast, Pietzschwitz in the south, Zischkowitz in the southwest, Liebon in the west and Zscharnitz in the northwest.

geomorphology

The relief is wavy and sloping to the north. The Saxon natural area structure assigns the region to the Upper Lusatian region . It is part of the natural region of the Saxon Loess Field , which in the Prischwitz area only has a north-south extension of about 15 kilometers and narrows further to the east. The relatively flat Upper Lusatian heath and pond area borders to the north, and the Upper Lusatian highlands to the south .

Today’s treasure trove of forms emerged predominantly in the Quaternary period, particularly under the influence of the last ice ages . It includes channels, trough valleys and loess slabs and ridges. Prischwitz lies in the valley of the black water on both sides of the river, which belongs to the catchment area of ​​the Elbe and is largely regulated here. There has been a level in the village since 1907 , according to which the flood warnings and all-clears are issued by the black water for the municipality of Göda.

geology

The most recent deposits are floodplain sediments of the black water, which can be found in the depth of the valley. They start about 350 m northwest of the motorway underpass (K7278) between Prischwitz and Pietzschwitz. Their age is likely to be Holocene . In the west and north there is loess or loess loam , which was formed under the periglacial conditions of the last two ice ages. In the south and east there are meltwater deposits from the retreating ice from the Elster Cold Age . The Prischwitz area was covered by the ice masses of the Elster and Saale Cold Ages . These sediments, which are very young from a geological point of view, overlay a Cadomian- Cambrian granodiorite . These storage conditions mark a pronounced layer gap between the Cambrian and the Quaternary, which in this form only arose with the erosion processes of the Ice Ages. The granodiorite used to be extracted in a local quarry, but today it is completely overgrown and only recognizable as a steep edge of the terrain. A bentonite deposit is suspected between Prischwitz and Liebon .

climate

The region lies in the cool, temperate transition zone between oceanic and continental climates (according to Troll and Paffen) or the temperate climate zone with transitional climate according to Neef . The annual mean temperature of 8.5 ° C for Bautzen should roughly correspond to that of Prischwitz. July is the warmest month with an average of 18.2 ° C and January is the coldest month with −1.2 ° C. With a corresponding general weather situation, cold air flowing in from the Bohemian Basin can also reach temperatures down to −15 ° C. This phenomenon is popularly known as the “Bohemian wind”. The mean annual precipitation is between 670 and 690 mm due to the rain shadow of the Oberlausitzer Bergland. This means that the area has relatively little rainfall. The wettest month is July with a long-term average with 80 to 90 mm, the wettest month is January with about 40 mm.

vegetation

The potential natural vegetation in the Black Water Valley consists of bird cherry-alder-ash forest, on the loess areas of typical hornbeam-sessile oak forest and in the channels of the loess areas of forest ziest-hornbeam-pedunculate oak forest. The existing vegetation is limited to a few small pieces of forest, which are mainly located on the agriculturally unusable slopes of the channels.

fauna

There are at least two species of bat in the Prischwitz area , one of which is the great mouse- eared mouse (Myotis myotis), the other the great noctule (Nyctalus noctula).

history

Population development in Prischwitz

year	Residents
1580	10 farmers, 1 housekeeper
1730	8 farmers, 1 small farmer
1777	8 farmers, 2 cottagers
1834	113
1871	121
1890	148
1910	121
1925	132
1936	320
1939	317
1946	394
1950	486 (municipality) / 211 (village)
1964	750
1990	617

In the early Slavic period, there was probably a Burgward at the site of today's location , of which today there are no more indications than the field name Ratkow (= "Burgplatz"). The late Slavic burial ground between Liebon and Zscharnitz also proves that the Prischwitz area is an old Slavic settlement area.

It was first mentioned under the name Prezez in 1160 in connection with the donation of the place to the diocese of Meißen . This had suffered great damage from acts of war and was u. a. With this place for it by the Bohemian King Vladislav II compensated for it. The donation was confirmed in 1165 by the then German Emperor Barbarossa . However, it is still a matter of dispute whether the Prezez mentioned is actually Prischwitz or the town of Prietitz near Kamenz. When the diocese of Meißen suffered from great financial difficulties under Bishop Withego I at the end of the 13th century , the place was sold together with Leutwitz for 234 marks to the abbess Elisabeth and the monastery of St. Marienstern . The associated contract was concluded on November 9, 1292. As a result, Prischwitz came back to Upper Lusatia and thus to Bohemia. In 1381 the parish to Göda took place, whereby the church tenth at that time was 19 shock grain. In addition to this tax, other duties and compulsory labor had to be paid to the monastery, which were, however, kept within a moderate range, since it had many properties. A special feature was the "honey interest" to be paid, which amounted to 31 buckets a year and was earned through forest beekeeping. The monastery also appointed the judge and his lay judge for minor legal cases, in the remaining cases it held the higher judiciary itself. Prischwitz is located on the former Alte Straße , a section of the Via Regia , which led from Breslau via Görlitz , Bautzen and Kamenz to Leipzig . As a result, the place was connected to the largest trade route in Central Germany and thus to the traffic between Silesia and West Germany. When the demarcation between the diocese of Meißen and Upper Lusatia took place in 1242, it is mentioned as a border point in the so-called Upper Lusatian border document. As early as 1374 and 1382, a mill was mentioned in the St. Marienstern interest register, which only ceased operations in 1967. The Hussite storm of 1429 affected the place as well as the monastery. Little is known about the centuries that followed.

By 1725 at the latest, there was a riding and driving post line on Alte Strasse, which possibly also stopped in Prischwitz and which is reminiscent of the recovered fragment of a quarter milestone from 1725 on the S 100 towards Bloaschütz . In the years 1832-1834 the dissolution of the services began and in 1856 the monastic jurisdiction was abolished. After that, the village was a rural community in the regional court district of Bautzen. For his statistics on the Sorbian population in Upper Lusatia, Arnošt Muka determined a population of 131 inhabitants in the 1880s; 117 of them were Sorbs (89%) and 14 Germans. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik counted a Sorbian-speaking population of only 13.4% in the municipality of Prischwitz (with Muschelwitz and Sollschwitz). Today, Sorbian is hardly spoken in Prischwitz itself.

At the beginning of the 20th century a number of traders settled here. The trades included brewery, dairy, blacksmith, cartwright, saddlery, watchmaker, plumber, as well as the hospitality and textile trade. However, apart from the forge, these no longer exist. Since 1963 Prischwitz was the official head office of a branch of VEB Meliorationsbau Dresden . This state-owned company was privatized on May 1, 1990 and placed under trust management. After 1994 there was nothing left of the company on site. On April 1, 1936, Muschelwitz and Sollschwitz were incorporated into Prischwitz. Since 1994 the place, including the places that have been subordinate to it, has belonged to the municipality of Göda.

In addition to a historic stone arch bridge, the old mill and an old half-timbered house, the small town has three other listed objects.

Settlement structure and land use

Saxon Miles Sheet from 1804, north is on the right

The Prischwitz settlement is an extended round hamlet with a block corridor. This original structure can still be recognized to some extent on the miles sheet from 1804. The dominant homestead form is the four-sided courtyard , plus a few individual houses and a three-sided courtyard .

Land use is largely limited to agriculture due to the good soil. In the past there was still an occasional hunt, with certain areas being leased by their respective owners. Prischwitz belongs to the district 16 Burkau of the forest district of Oberlausitz.

Infrastructure

traffic

The federal motorway 4 runs directly south of the town center, the two closest exits being Salzenforst and Uhyst am Taucher . To the west of the motorway bridge over the S100 (Bautzen – Kamenz), the Prischwitz junction was originally supposed to be built. The village is connected to public transport by a bus line. This is in the area of ​​the Zweckverband Verkehrsverbund Oberlausitz-Niederschlesien ( ZVON ). The next train station is Seitschen (5.9 km). The construction of the Saxon Northeast Railway from Bautzen to Kamenz via Prischwitz, which was considered around 1910 , was not implemented.

energy

Some time ago, two wind turbines were planned immediately south of the federal motorway 4 in the Prischwitz district. However, the construction was prohibited by the Dresden Administrative Court in 2003 for reasons of animal welfare .

communication

Prischwitz has been connected to the telegraph and telephone network since 1912. The "Prischwitz Office" is still working today, but the switching technology has been relocated to Bautzen.

education

The first school for the Prischwitz children was Bolbritz , from 1884 to 1946 Muschelwitz, then until 1980 the school combine Storcha / Bolbritz and since then Göda. The mobile library of the Bautzen City Library serves the village every 14 days with books, magazines, cassettes, CDs, videos and CD-ROMs that can be borrowed.

Others

The Prischwitz Volunteer Fire Brigade has existed since 1906 .

Events

Peloton of the Saxon Tour 2005 in Prischwitz

Prischwitz is a regular transit point for the Saxony Tour . There is also the common Advent singing, which is organized by a different family every year, as well as the annual witch burning.

particularities

Due to a relatively high number of people of Catholic denomination, Prischwitz is one of 25 localities in the otherwise more evangelical Upper Lusatia, in which, according to the Corpus Christi ordinance, Corpus Christi is a public holiday.

Web links

Commons : Prischwitz / Prěčecy  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Prischwitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

literature

• Schust, F. & Wasternack, J. (2002): Granitoid types in post-kinematic granitoid plutons: Images of autonomous intrusion thrusts - examples from the northern edge of the Bohemian massif (Erzgebirge - Harz - Lausitz). - Z. geol. Wiss., 30: 77–117, Berlin .
• Lausitzer Bergland around Pulsnitz and Bischofswerda (= values ​​of our homeland . Volume 40). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1983.
• Chronicle of the school in Muschelwitz - for the 50th anniversary and local festival . July 1, 1934.
• Municipal administration Göda (Hrsg.): Göda - millennial. Festschrift for the anniversary . 2nd Edition. Bautzen 2006, ISBN 3-936758-36-0 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Delivery schedule for flood news. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 6, 2014 ; accessed on January 6, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ Hydrological Handbook. Part 1: List of levels. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 6, 2014 ; accessed on January 6, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ^ Geological overview map of the Free State of Saxony. Retrieved January 6, 2014 . 
4. ↑ Map of near-surface raw materials 1: 50,000 (KOR 50). Retrieved January 6, 2014 . 
5. ↑ Potential natural vegetation in Saxony. Retrieved January 6, 2014 . 
6. ↑ ^{a b} Expert opinion on the influence of wind turbines on bats. (PDF; 142 kB) Accessed January 6, 2014 . 
7. ↑
   

   This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
   

   There is no reliable evidence of the occurrence of the noctule bat in Prischwitz.
8. ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony. Retrieved November 23, 2008 . 
9. ↑ Chronicle of the school in Muschelwitz - for the 50th anniversary and local festival . July 1, 1934.
10. ↑ Göda municipal administration (ed.): Göda - a thousand years. Festschrift for the anniversary . 2nd Edition. Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-936758-36-8 .
11. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 58 .
12. ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 244 .