Sollschwitz (Göda)
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Sollschwitz
Sulšecy Municipality of Göda
Coordinates: 51 ° 12 ′ 57 ″ N , 14 ° 18 ′ 55 ″ E
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| Height : | 165 m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 127 (December 31, 2016) |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1936 |
| Incorporated into: | Prischwitz |
| Postal code : | 02633 |
| Area code : | 035937 |
 Aerial view
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Sollschwitz , in Sorbian , is a village in the center of the Bautzen district in East Saxony and has been part of the Göda community since 1994 . In the village, which is part of the official Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia , Sorbian and German are still spoken today.
geography
location
The place is located in Upper Lusatia and is surrounded by the villages of Dreikretscham in the north, Muschelwitz in the east, Prischwitz in the south, Zscharnitz in the west and Storcha in the north-west.
geomorphology
The relief is wavy and sloping to the north. The Saxon natural area structure describes the region as the Upper Lusatian region . It is part of the natural region of the Saxon Loess Field , which in the Sollschwitz area only has a north-south extension of around 15 kilometers and narrows further to the east. The relatively flat Upper Lusatian heath and pond area borders to the north, and the Upper Lusatian highlands to the south .
Today’s treasure trove of forms emerged predominantly in the Quaternary period, particularly under the influence of the last ice ages . It includes channels, trough valleys and loess slabs and ridges. Sollschwitz lies in the valley of the Schwarzwasser on both sides of the river, which belongs to the catchment area of the Elbe and is largely regulated here. The valley widens here significantly to around 400 m.
geology
The most recent deposits are floodplain sediments of the black water, which can be found in the depth of the valley. The town center lies on them. Their age is likely to be Holocene . In the east and northeast, there are low-terrace sediments from the Vistula Period. To the west and south-west of the place is loess or loess loam , which was formed under the periglacial conditions of the last two ice ages. Meltwater deposits from the retreating ice from the Elster Cold Age can be found in the northwest and north . The Sollschwitz area was covered by the ice masses of the Elster and Saale cold ages. These sediments, which are very young from a geological point of view, overlay a Cadomian- Cambrian granodiorite , which is not exposed in the immediate vicinity of Sollschwitz . It can only be found close to the surface at a distance of approx. 800 m east-southeast of the town center. These storage conditions mark a pronounced layer gap between the Cambrian and the Quaternary, which in this form only arose with the erosion processes of the Ice Ages.
To the west of the village are sands that could be mined if necessary.
climate
The region lies in the cool, temperate transition zone between oceanic and continental climates (according to Troll and Paffen) or the temperate climate zone with transitional climate according to Neef . The annual mean temperature of 8.5 ° C for Bautzen should roughly correspond to that of Prischwitz. July is the warmest month with an average of 18.2 ° C and January is the coldest month with −1.2 ° C. With a corresponding general weather situation, cold air flowing in from the Bohemian Basin can also reach temperatures down to −15 ° C. This phenomenon is popularly known as the “Bohemian wind”. The mean annual precipitation is between 670 and 690 mm due to the rain shadow of the Oberlausitzer Bergland. This means that the area has relatively little rainfall. The wettest month is July with a long-term average with 80 to 90 mm, the wettest month is January with about 40 mm.
vegetation
The potential natural vegetation in the Black Water Valley consists of bird cherry-alder-ash forest, on the glacifluvial sediments of typical hornbeam-sessile oak forest in a complex with grass-rich hornbeam-sessile oak forest and in the grooves of the loess areas of forest ziest-hornbeam-pedunculate oak forest. The existing vegetation is limited to a few small pieces of forest, which are mainly located on the agriculturally unusable slopes of the channels.
history
| Population development in Sollschwitz | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | ||||||||
| 1580 | 4 farmers, 4 gardeners, 1 or 5 cottagers | ||||||||
| 1777 | 1 farmer, 13 gardeners, 4 cottagers | ||||||||
| 1810 | 1 farmer, 5 large gardeners, 7 allotment gardeners, 4 cottagers | ||||||||
| 1834 | 121 | ||||||||
| 1871 | 119 | ||||||||
| 1890 | 105 | ||||||||
| 1910 | 121 | ||||||||
| 1925 | 126 | ||||||||
| 2000 | 120 | ||||||||
| 2009 | 139 | ||||||||
| 2011 | 131 | ||||||||
The first traces of settlement in the area of today's Sollschwitz come - in the form of a full-grip dagger - from the Middle Bronze Age .
Sollschwitz was first mentioned in 1359 in connection with a Martinus de Schulsewicz . This means that it is clearly younger than many other places in the area, which does not mean that it was founded later. In 1379 at the latest, an old and relatively powerful aristocratic family sat in part of what was then "Sulschewizc" with the Lords of Baudissin . The other part has belonged to the von Penzig family since the alleged enfeoffment by Emperor Charles IV personally (1369) . From 1430 a resident manor is recorded. In the last third of the 15th century , the landlord Nickel von Baudissin caused a stir several times. In addition to unauthorized hunting in the diving forest (1496), he was also involved in the siege of Hoyerswerda in 1467. For these offenses he was ostracized. Two other members of the family - Anna and Christiane von Baudissin - went to the St. Marienstern monastery and became abbesses there. After more than 200 years of divided rule, Sollschwitz passed into the hands of Heinrich von Luttitz in 1600 , whose family in turn sold it to Hans Wolf von Haugwitz in 1639 . He sold it in 1642 to Wolf Heinrich von Theler , whose family also owned the Baroque Neschwitz Palace until 1721 . In 1725 it was bought by the Coq family and in 1742 commissioned by Gottfried Richter. His family kept it until the 18th century . During the whole time the upper judiciary was the responsibility of the cathedral monastery of Bautzen . It also possessed hunting justice.
For its statistics on the Sorbian population determined in the Oberlausitz Arnost Muka in the eighties of the 19th century, a population of 120 inhabitants; 116 of them were Sorbs (97%) and 4 were Germans. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik counted a Sorbian-speaking population of only 13.4% in the municipality of Prischwitz, to which Sollschwitz now belonged. Since then, the use of Sorbian in the village has continued to decline.
The fighting and the changing course of the front in spring 1945 touched the place directly and caused some damage. After the war, a machine-tractor station (MTS) was established in the manor in 1949 . Later a large cattle combine was built, which made it possible to keep up to 450 cows.
In 1936 the previously independent community of Sollschwitz was incorporated into Prischwitz , and in 1994 both came together to Göda.
Settlement structure and land use
The Sollschwitz settlement is a plaza-like estate settlement with estate block, block and strip corridors. The settlement structure thus differs noticeably from that of the neighboring towns. Individual houses predominate, there is also a three-sided courtyard .
Land use is largely limited to agriculture due to the relatively good soils.
In the past, wine was grown on the Sollschwitz corridor (as in many places in Lusatia). This is proven by the field name the Winze = vineyard.
Infrastructure
traffic
The federal motorway 4 runs at a distance of about 1.4 km south of the town center, the two closest exits being Salzenforst and Uhyst am Taucher . State road 107 (here Bautzen - Crostwitz - Kamenz ) leads north past the place. The village is connected to public transport by a bus line. These are in the area of the Zweckverband Verkehrsverbund Oberlausitz-Niederschlesien ( ZVON ). The next train station is Seitschen (6.7 km). Shortly before the First World War, the plans for the Saxon Northeast Railway (Bautzen-Kamenz) included a route via Sollschwitz. However, the construction of the line was never completed.
education
The first school for Prischwitz was Bolbritz , from 1884 to 1946 Muschelwitz, then until 1980 the school combine Storcha / Bolbritz and since then Göda.
economy
A recycling company is based on the old estate. There is also a wholesale company for flowers and a haulage company. The Agrofarm Göda today cultivates the old combine stocks and arable land.
Attractions
The still preserved manor, also known as the "castle", can be viewed today in the western part of the village. Originally, it was a weir system in the form of a moated castle, the moats of which were still visible in 1934, but were filled in after 1945. In its current form, the building mainly dates from the period between 1700 and 1725. It is in the Baroque style, but some things were damaged by the fire of 1933. As in many places, the architecture of the French Sun King Louis XIV found imitators, which is shown by the French gardens that are still preserved in remnants. Around 1900 it was owned by a Mr. Ernst Wuttig, after the Second World War it served as a Sorbian cultural center. Today the castle stands empty and threatens to deteriorate. The service yard is used by a forwarding company.
After 1830 the Sollschwitzer Torhaus was built, the hour bell of which was cast in Dresden from fragments of Turkish bullets captured in 1743 .
literature
- Lausitzer Bergland around Pulsnitz and Bischofswerda (= values of our homeland . Volume 40). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1983.
- Chronicle of the school in Muschelwitz - for the 50th anniversary and local festival . July 1, 1934.
- Municipal administration Göda (Hrsg.): Göda - millennial. Festschrift for the anniversary . 2nd Edition. Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-936758-36-8 .
Web links
- Sollschwitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ^ Geological overview map 1: 200 000, sheet CC 5550 Görlitz. Retrieved September 13, 2014 .
- ↑ Map of near-surface raw materials 1: 50,000 (KOR 50). Retrieved August 18, 2016 .
- ↑ Potential natural vegetation in Saxony. Retrieved August 18, 2016 .
- ^ Sollschwitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Chronicle of the school in Muschelwitz - for the 50th anniversary and local festival . July 1, 1934.
- ↑ Göda municipal administration (ed.): Göda - a thousand years. Festschrift for the anniversary . 2nd Edition. Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-936758-36-8 .
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik : The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 60 .
- ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 245 .
- ↑ Sollschwitz Castle. In: Castles around Dresden. Retrieved August 18, 2016 .
- ^ Göda: Castle & Manor Sollschwitz. In: Sachsens-Schlösser.de. Retrieved August 18, 2016 .
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Birkau (Brěza) | Buscheritz (Bóšericy) | Coblenz (Koblicy) | Dahren (Darin) | Dobranitz (Dobranecy) | Döbschke (Debiškow) | Dreikretscham (Haslow) | Three Star (Tři Hwězdy) | Göda (Hodźij) | Jannowitz (Janecy) | Kleinförstchen (Mała Boršć) | Kleinpraga (Mała Praha) | Lesser Whip (Žičenk) | Leutwitz (Lutyjecy) | Liebon (Liboń) | Muschelwitz (Myšecy) | Nedaschütz (Njezdašecy) | New Bloaschütz (Nowe Błohašecy) | Neuspittwitz (Nowe Spytecy) | Oberförstchen (Hornja Boršć) | Paßditz (Pozdecy) | Pietzschwitz (Běčicy) | Preske (Praskow) | Prischwitz (Prěčecy) | Seitschen (Žičeń) | Semmichau (Zemichow) | Siebitz (Dźiwoćicy) | Sollschwitz (Sulšecy) | Spittwitz (Spytecy) | Storcha (Baćoń) | Zischkowitz (Čěškecy) | Zscharnitz (Čornecy)