Norderteich
| Norderteich | ||
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| View from the south bank to the northwest bank. | ||
| Geographical location | SO from Detmold | |
| Tributaries | Partial (artificial) diversion of the Niederbeller Bach,
Spring meals from the "Beller Holz" and Abach |
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| Drain | Napte , Emmer | |
| Places on the shore | Billerbeck | |
| Location close to the shore | Horn-Bad Meinberg , Steinheim | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 53 '5 " N , 9 ° 1' 57" E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 153 m | |
| surface | 12.5 ha of the still water, 22.7 ha of the nature protected area | |
| length | 600 m | |
| width | 500 m | |
| Middle deep | 3 m | |
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The Norderteich is an artificial lake created by damming near Billerbeck , a district of the municipality of Horn-Bad Meinberg in the district of Lippe , North Rhine-Westphalia . The lake is the oldest nature reserve in Lippe and a popular excursion and hiking destination. It was mentioned in a document as early as 1115. The current owner of the lake is the Landesverband Lippe .
Geology, location and size
The lake was laid out in a natural shallow basin at the outlet of the ridge of the Werrehügelland around the Kohlenberg and the Beller Holz located southeast of it towards the confluence with the Steinheimer Börde. The raised dam, called a monk , regulates the outflow to the Napte through a weir .
Due to the shallow depth of the lake, the still waters slowly silted up over the centuries, favoring the formation of a flat moor . The water area was once 20 hectares. On the marl - clay subsoil Lippische Keuper depression has over time due to the flat sheet and the registration of artificial and natural inflows, a sediment layer formed on the day surrounding the lake breaking and wet woodlands and wetlands and Marsh meadows have arisen and continue to develop there.
Today the surface of the eutrophic lake in the open and still water area is around 12.5 hectares at an altitude of 153 meters above sea level. The total area of the Norderteich including the wet meadows and the quarry forest is 22.7 hectares and is part of the approximately 261 hectare nature reserve Norderteich with Napte Valley .
history
The earliest evidence of the lake goes back to the year 1115, when the Norderteich was listed by name as Norddyck in an inventory of the Corvey abbot Erkenbert von Homburg . Before the construction of the Schiedersee, the Norderteich was the largest lake in Lippe and has been used for fishing for centuries. Monks from the Archdiocese of Paderborn and the Principality enlarged the lake by damming it in order to supply the local monasteries with fresh fish, especially during Lent . Since at least 1400 it has served the monks and later the noble lords of the Lippe to breed carp and pike . In 1710, for example, the sale of carp made a profit of 418 thalers . The still existing Entenkrug inn was in earlier times the residence of the princely duck catcher and testifies to the fact that duck catching at the Norderteich must have been profitable.
Shortly after the end of the First World War , the first efforts were made to put the Norderteich under legal protection due to the richness of species of plants and animals, especially birds. The Lippische Naturschutz-Vereinigung was in charge. The Lippe State Presidium initially rejected the application, but in 1928 the State Conservator and the responsible forest authority agreed the following measures:
- The mowing of the reeds by the Billerbeck farmers was prohibited.
- Entering the meadow and reed area as well as bathing were prohibited.
- Police orders were issued to protect birds and plants.
- The numerous water lilies were placed under special protection.
- Preservation of the old oak trees on the west bank ( Hudewald ).
After this decree is a positive development of the flora and fauna of Norder pond was observed and in 1937 there was another breeding grebes , marsh harriers , reed bunting , snipe and lapwing recorded. After the Second World War , the conditions of the flora and fauna deteriorated. The shooting down of many birds by soldiers of the occupying army was particularly fatal. The commitment of Dr. It is thanks to Goethe, the district commissioner for nature conservation, that the military government prohibited shooting, fishing and paddling and had corresponding prohibition signs put up. On June 13, 1949, the Norderteich and its immediate surroundings, an area totaling 31 hectares, were declared a nature reserve.
In the early 1960s, a sharp decline in small birds was observed in the wooded area on the west bank of the pond. The Lippe regional association and the nature conservation authorities then carried out forestry measures in 1965 to create better living conditions for the birds. This included clearing the undergrowth, felling a number of beech trees to improve light penetration, and installing nesting boxes. These measures had the desired success and led to increased species diversity in the bird world.
Bird and nature reserve
Due to the diverse bird life that uses the lake as a breeding or resting place, there have been efforts to place the lake area under special protection since the mid-1920s, particularly supported by the ornithologist Gustav Wolff . The lake has been a nature reserve since 1949 and the protected area is 22.7 hectares. In addition to the various zones of the still water, the reed and reed areas as well as the riparian wood of the quarry and bog forests and the wet and marsh meadows are protected.
Flora
Various grassland communities have developed on the meadows and pastures in the north and east of the Norderteich. Sedge species such as the brown and bladder sedge , but also the cabbage thistle , the marsh bedstraw , the yellow iris and the grove loosestrife occur here. In addition, the broad-leaved orchid ( Dactylorhiza majalis ) could be observed. The species of pond reed ( Scirpo-Phragmitetum ) include the reed ( Phragmites australis ), the broad-leaved cattail ( Typha latifolia ), the common frog-spoon ( Alisma plantago-aquatica ), the common pond rush ( Schoenoplectus lacustris ). In front of the pond reed bed is the water plume reed bed ( Glycerietum maximae ) in places . The botanical treasures of this area include the buttercup ( Ranunculus lingua ) and the ostrich-flowered loosestrife ( Lysimachia thyrsiflora ). The floating leaf zone is only sparsely developed. The only species found today is the water knotweed ( Polygonum amphibium ). The previously extensive stocks of the white water lily ( Nyhmphaea alba ) have now expired. The woods on the banks are mainly composed of alder and willow species .
Wildlife
In terms of fauna , the following species are protected in the biotopes: among the bird species, the reed warbler , the reed warbler , the great crested grebe and the moorhen . Other observed and brooding lake birds are little grebe , the mute swan , the greylag goose , the Egyptian goose , the Gadwall , the teal , the mallard , the shoveler , the pochard and goldeneye , and honey buzzards , black kites , marsh harriers , hawks , ravens and the kingfisher . Among the insects, the blue-green damsel and the great pitch dragonfly are particularly protected.
The swarming flights of starlings from late summer to early autumn have always been considered a special natural spectacle. However, these are taking place on a much smaller scale than in the past. The cause of this can be ascribed to the general decline in the star population in Central Europe.
The northern Beller Holz with its near-natural oak and hornbeam forests is of particular importance for nature conservation and has been designated as an FFH area. Almost all woodpecker species native to Lippe can be observed here. They prefer oaks and beeches, which are often over 150 years old, as nesting and food trees. Because of the existence of sufficient dead wood trees, the middle woodpecker in particular finds a refuge. The Beller Holz is the most important East Westphalian place where this rare bird is native.
fishing
Carp and tench breeding in the lake is of particular importance in modern pond management . Since the beginning of the 20th century, the area's worthy of protection has had a particular effect on the management of the Norderteich, which is extensive and coordinated with the nature conservation authorities. Even if the draining of the water associated with the traditional management method means an interruption in the life cycle of some animal and plant species at the lake, the near-natural form of management has kept the water, which was created for the purpose of fish farming, in a state worthy of protection for centuries.
The main fish species in the lake are carp, tench and pike. The fishing takes place every three years (in earlier decades every other year). The water is drained for fishing in November. The fish are caught in a basin at the outlet. After the re-tensioning, the lake will be repopulated with single summer carp, tench and pike. The stocking amount depends on the food supply in the water. There is no additional feeding. At the moment there is a colony of the cormorant at Norderteich , which consists of around 20 birds. Cormorants have been appearing frequently at the Norderteich since 1998, a consequence of the strict shooting ban after the species had almost become extinct in large parts of Central Europe due to intensive human persecution.
Tourist development
The Norderteich can be reached via federal road 1 , exit Horn-Bad Meinberg, to federal road 239 in the direction of Schieder-Schwalenberg and Bad Pyrmont . The direction is indicated by the signs with tourist information signs . From the north (B 239) via the signposted Entenkrug, Norderteich entrance , from the south via the access road from the federal road 252 via the country road 823 from the direction of Steinheim to Billerbeck, or as a branch line from the district of Bad Meinberg towards the districts of Bellenberg and Billerbeck. Parking is available at the Entenkrug on the north bank and at the Norderteichweg car park on the south bank and in the Billerbeck area near the lake.
At the exit on the south bank of the lake there is a shelter with a canopy for bird and nature observation and display boards of the bird species that live there. The lake can be circled on foot in 1 hour on a circular hiking trail , but can also be circumnavigated by bike.
See also
Web links
- Starenflug around 1930 - and other historical pictures from the Detmold picture archive
- Textbook excerpt for the Norderteich from "Our home in Lippe"
- Lippe regional association for fisheries management in the Norderteich
- Photos from Norderteich and excursion destinations around Horn-Bad Meinberg
Literature (selection)
- Hubertus Brennig: Norderteich (= Lippe sights . Issue 5). Lemgo 1977.
- Helmut Brinkmann: The flora of the Norderteich nature reserve . In: Lippischer Heimatbund, Landesverband Lippe (Hrsg.): Heimatland Lippe . tape 76 . Bösmann, Detmold 1983, p. 232-237 .
- Dietrich Horstmann, Holger Multhaupt: On the structure and development of the Norderteich nature reserve (Lippe district) with special consideration of the bird world . In: Hermann Niebuhr [history], Rainer Springhorn [natural sciences] (ed.): Lippische communications from history and regional studies . tape 69 . Scientific Association for the State of Lippe e. V., 2000, ISSN 0342-0876 , p. 301-330 . ( Digitized version )
- Dietrich Horstmann, Heinz Lienenbecker: The vegetation conditions of the nature reserve "Norderteich" (Lippe district) . In: Hermann Niebuhr [history], Rainer Springhorn [natural sciences] (ed.): Lippische communications from history and regional studies . tape 71 . Scientific Association for the State of Lippe e. V., 2002, ISSN 0342-0876 , p. 347-385 . ( Digitized version )
- Jochen Lüttmann: The animal world of the "Norderteich" nature reserve . In: Lippischer Heimatbund, Landesverband Lippe (Hrsg.): Heimatland Lippe . tape 76 . Bösmann, Detmold 1983, p. 391-400 .
- August Wilhelm Peter: Lippe - A homeland and regional studies . Ed .: Lippischer Heimatbund. Detmold 1970.
- Kurt Rohlfs: History of the Norderteich nature reserve . In: Lippischer Heimatbund, Landesverband Lippe (Hrsg.): Heimatland Lippe . tape 76 . Bösmann, Detmold 1983, p. 415-419 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Landesverband Lippe as owner, Lippe district: Department 4 (4.2) Environment
- ↑ Topography can be viewed in simplified form on Google Maps.
- ↑ AW Peter: Lippe - A home and regional studies. P. 142.
- ↑ Helmut Depping: Hike to the Norderteich. In: Heimatland Lippe. March 2008, p. 74.
- ↑ a b Kurt Rohlfs: History of the Norderteich nature reserve. In: Heimatland Lippe. December 1983, p. 415 ff.
- ↑ Biological Station Lippe , NABU District Association Lippe: Ornithological summary report for the Lippe district 2007.