Orsha
Orsha | Orsha | |||
Орша | Орша | |||
( Belarus. ) | ( Russian ) | |||
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State : | Belarus | ||
Woblasz : | Vitebsk | ||
Coordinates : | 54 ° 30 ' N , 30 ° 24' E | ||
Height : | 180 m | ||
Area : | 36 km² | ||
Residents : | 125,347 (2005) | ||
Population density : | 3,482 inhabitants per km² | ||
Time zone : | Moscow time ( UTC + 3 ) | ||
Telephone code : | (+375) 2161 | ||
Postal code : | BY - 211030, 211381-211394, 211396-211398 | ||
License plate : | 2 | ||
Website : | |||
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Orsha ( Belarusian Орша ; Russian Орша ; Polish Orsza , Belarusian unofficially also Ворша / Worscha ) is an industrial city located on the Dnieper (Belarusian Dnjapro ) in northeast Belarus in the Vitebskaya Woblasz , shortly before the border with Russia with 125,347 inhabitants. It is the administrative center of Orsha Raion .
history
The battle between Poland-Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow , named after the city in 1514, took place near Orsha .
During the Second World War , Orsha was captured by German troops on July 16, 1941. The occupying forces set up a forced ghetto for the Jewish residents of the city and the surrounding area. On November 26 and 27, 1941, 1,800 people were murdered by a German commando unit.
In 1943, German troops began setting up a Führer headquarters in Orsha with the code name Olga . Construction began on July 1, 1943. The project was never completed and never used as the Führer headquarters. However, the area was an important location for the Air Force . After the start of the major Soviet offensive Operation Bagration on June 21, 1944, Orsha was one of the first cities to be reconquered, after days of fighting and the almost complete destruction of the city.
coat of arms
On the coat of arms there is a silver paw cross on a blue background over a golden crescent moon .
traffic
Orscha is a railway junction with the crossing of the main railway lines Warsaw - Minsk - Moscow and Saint Petersburg - Shlobin ( Homel / Kiev ), with direct trains running between Saint Petersburg and Minsk via Orscha. A special feature of this railway junction is its large number of randomly linked connecting routes between its three stations.
The city is also on the Warsaw - Minsk - Moscow highway, which is part of the European route 30 . In Belarus it is called M 1 . This street was known as "The Rollway" during the German-Soviet War . In the novel of the same name, Heinz Konsalik created a literary memorial to the struggle for Orsha.
sons and daughters of the town
- Franciscus Kareu (1731–1802), Superior General of the Jesuits 1799–1802
- Lasar Polyakov (1842–1914), Russian banker
- Zalman David Levontin (1856–1940), Zionist and financial expert
- Paul Philip Levertoff (1878–1954), theologian and missionary to the Jews
- Gerschon Schoffmann (1880–1972), writer
- Dow Hoz (1894–1940), Zionist fighter and aviation pioneer
- Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), Soviet psychologist
- Boris Sachartschenja (1928–2005), Russian solid state physicist
- Uladzimir Karatkewitsch (1930–1984), writer
- Georgi Mondsolewski (* 1934), Soviet-Belarusian volleyball player
- Sergei Kopljakow (* 1959), Soviet swimmer
- Igor Schelesowski (* 1963), speed skater, Olympic medalist
- Sjarhej Dalidowitsch (* 1973), cross-country skier
- Aljaksandr Kuschynski (* 1979), racing cyclist
- Tatiana Sharakova (* 1984), racing cyclist
- Anton Puzila (* 1987), football player
- Alina Talaj (* 1989), hurdler
- Aleksandr Makarenko (* 1990), weightlifter
Twin cities
Orscha lists the following seven twin cities :
Monument to Uladzimir Karatkevich
literature
- Christian Zentner : The Second World War.
- Orsha. In: Guy Miron (ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust. Yad Vashem , Jerusalem 2009, ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 554 f.
Web links
- Photos on Radzima.org
Individual evidence
- ↑ Делегации городов-побратимов приедут в Оршу на празднование Дня мира | Новости региона | Лиозненский район | Лиозно | Новости Лиозно | Новости Лиозненского района | Лиозненский райисполком . In: liozno.vitebsk-region.gov.by. September 15, 2010, accessed October 24, 2017 .