Otto Magnus von Stackelberg (archaeologist)
Baron Otto Magnus von Stackelberg (born July 3 . Jul / 14. July 1786 greg. In Tallinn , † March 20 jul. / 1. April 1837 greg. In Saint Petersburg ) was a Swedish-born, Baltic German archaeologist , painter and writer.
Life
Otto Magnus von Stackelberg was born the son of Colonel Otto Christian Engelbrecht von Stackelberg and his wife Anna Gertruda Düker . The family lived on their Fähna estate . In contrast to his brothers, he showed more love and talent for musical things than for the pursuits that were popular with young men at the time, such as horse riding, fencing and hunting. He lost his father in 1792. When his mother recognized his talent in early drawings, she brought the German painter Reus to Fähna as a teacher. Nevertheless, a diplomatic career was planned for Stackelberg.
In 1803 Stackelberg first went to the University of Göttingen . From there he made a trip to Zurich with two of his brothers , which was to shape his future path in life. He looked at pictures by Johann Caspar Lavater and Salomon Gessner and visited Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi . They spent the winter in Geneva . Then he toured Italy with his brother Karl . There the decision matured to devote himself to art. In 1804 followed a stay to study painting in Dresden . The following year he continued his studies in Moscow , where he continued to prepare for his diplomatic career. But his mother had to realize that her son was not suitable for the diplomatic profession. From now on, Stackelberg devoted himself to art and his growing interest in archeology .
This was followed by a second period of study in Göttingen and between 1806 and 1808 at the Dresden gallery. In the autumn of 1808 he set out on a second trip to Italy. This time Ernst Heinrich Toelken accompanied him . On the way to Italy he met Jean Paul in Bayreuth and visited the Schleissheim gallery in Munich . In 1809 he reached Rome . There he met the archaeologist Carl Haller von Hallerstein , the Danish archaeologist Peter Oluf Brøndsted and the Danish classical philologist Georg Koës , with whom he built friends. Bröndsted and Koës persuaded Stackelberg to accompany them on their trip to Greece . Together they wanted to present an archaeological publication after the trip, to which Stackelberg should contribute the landscape pictures.
The trip to Greece was long and adventurous. They left Naples in July 1810 and finally arrived in Piraeus in September of that year . Other participants in the expedition were his three friends from Rome, the German painter Jakob Linckh , the then Austrian consul in Greece Georg Christian Gropius, and the British architects and archaeologists Charles Robert Cockerell and John Foster . The group carried out excavations in several locations in Greece. In 1812, parts of the Temple of Apollo at Bassae near Phigalia in Arcadia were uncovered. The frieze uncovered by the expedition is now in the British Museum in London . The expedition also discovered the temple of the Panhellenic Zeus in Aegina
In autumn 1814 Stackelberg returned to his family in the Baltic States. In 1816 he traveled again to Italy and did research as an art historian on antiquity and the Middle Ages . In Rome he founded the Roman Hyperboraeans with Eduard Gerhard , August Kestner and Theodor Panofka in 1824 and in 1829 co-founded the Instituto di corrispondenza archeologica . Both were forerunners and germ cells of the later German Archaeological Institute . In 1826 von Stackelberg published his archaeological work The Temple of Apollo at Bassae in Arcadien and the sculptures unearthed there , which also included his drawings. From Rome, the center of his life at that time, Stackelberg undertook further trips to Greece, Turkey and within Italy. In Etruria he discovered the Etrurian Hypogea of Corneto in 1827 .
In 1828 Stackelberg left Rome and Italy forever. From 1829 to 1833 he traveled again to Germany - where he met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , among others -, England, France and the Netherlands. From 1835 he lived in Riga again . His niece Natalie von Stackelberg published his biography in 1882 on the basis of Stackelberg's diaries and letters. Gerhart Rodenwaldt described Stackelberg in a biography he wrote as the “discoverer of the Greek landscape”.
Fonts
- with August Kestner: [ Unedited graves of Corneto ]. [not published; Print template from 1827/28]. Blackboards, digitized (ARACHNE)
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Costumes et usages des peuples de la Grèce modern . Rome 1825-1826.
- Costumes and customs of the modern Greeks . Berlin 1831. Digitized Austrian National Library = google books .
- Costumes et Usages des Peuples de la Grèce Moderne: d'après les dessins exécutés sur les lieux en 1811 . Paris [approx. 1835]. 20 colored plates without text ( pirated print ?) Digital copy of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek .
- The Temple of Apollo at Bassae in Arcadia and the sculptures unearthed there. Rome 1826. Digitized version (HEIDI)
- La Grèce. Vues pittoresques et topographiques, dessinus par OM baron de Stackelberg. Paris 1830. Digitized version (HEIDI)
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The graves of the Greeks in sculptures and vase paintings . 2 volumes. 1835.
- 2nd edition, in one volume, under the title Die Graeber der Hellenen . Berlin 1837 digitized (HEIDI)
- Stackelberg or Peter Oluf Brøndsted are considered to be the originators of the anonymous writing: Quelques mots sur une diatribe anonyme intitulée "De quelques voyages récens dans la Grèce à l'occasion de l'expédition scientifique de la Morée" , Paris 1829
literature
- Johann Friedrich von Recke , Karl Eduard Napiersky : General writers and scholars lexicon of the provinces , volume 4, Johann Friedrich Steffenhagen and son, Mitau 1832, pp. 253-256 .
- Johann Friedrich von Recke, Theodor Beise , Karl Eduard Napiersky: General writers and scholars encyclopedia of the provinces , supplements and continuations, Part 1, Johann Friedrich Steffenhagen and Son, Mitau 1859, p. 207 .
- Friedrich August Schmidt , Bernhard Friedrich Voigt : New Nekrolog der Deutschen , fifteenth year 1837, part 2, Weimar 1839, p. 1226 .
- Carl Hoheisel: Otto Magnus Freiherr v. Stackelberg, as a person, artist and scholar. In: Baltic Monthly Publication , Volume 8, 1863, pp. 385–442 and 475–535 .
- Natalie von Stackelberg: Otto Magnus von Stackelberg. Description of his life and his travels in Italy and Greece. Depicted from diaries and letters. Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1882.
- Stackelberg, Otto Magnus, Freiherr von . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 15, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 210.
- Joseph Girgensohn : Stackelberg, Otto Magnus Freiherr von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 340-353.
- Stackelberg, Otto Magnus . In: Theodor Westrin, Ruben Gustafsson Berg, Eugen Fahlstedt (eds.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 26 : Slöke – Stockholm . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1917, Sp. 876 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
- Gerhart Rodenwaldt : Otto Magnus von Stackelberg. The discoverer of the Greek landscape 1786–1837. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 1957.
- Wilhelm Maria Barth, Max Kehrig-Korn: Die Philhellenenzeit , Max Hueber, Munich 1960, p. 15 .
- Carola L. Gottzmann , Petra Hörner: Lexicon of the German-language literature of the Baltic States and St. Petersburg . De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-019338-1 , p. 1223-1225 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Otto Magnus von Stackelberg in the catalog of the German National Library
- Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Otto Magnus von Stackelberg. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
- Literature list in the online catalog of the Berlin State Library
- Biography on the website of the Stackelberg family
- Biography. Biographical Encyclopedia (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry in the baptismal register of the Olaikirche zu Reval (Estonian: Tallinna Oleviste kirik)
- ↑ According to other information, he died on March 23rd July. / April 4, 1837 greg. or March 27th jul. / April 8, 1837 greg. , see New Nekrolog der Deutschen (1839) and page 528 of the biography of C. Hoheisel (1863) in the bibliography.
- ^ Joseph Girgensohn: Stackelberg, Otto Magnus Freiherr von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, p. 349.
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Stackelberg, Otto Magnus from |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swedish-born, Baltic German archaeologist, painter and writer |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 14, 1786 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Reval |
DATE OF DEATH | April 1, 1837 |
Place of death | St. Petersburg |