Palamède de Forbin

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Medallion Palamède de Forbins, Fontaine du Roi René, Cours Mirabeau , Aix-en-Provence, 1822

Palamède de Forbin dit le Grand (* 1433 in Marseille ; † February 12, 1508 in Aix-en-Provence ) was a French nobleman. He was Grand Seneschal , Governor and Lieutenant General of Provence and Governor of the Dauphiné . He was Viscount de Martigues , Seigneur de Solliès , du Luc , de Peyruis , de Porquerolles , de Puimichel and de Pierrefeu , and Baron des Croilas in Aragón .

Life

Palamède de Forbin was the son of the shipowner Jean de Forbin (* 1387), who was also consul of the city of Marseille on several occasions.

Career in the service of the House of Anjou

Around 1450, Palamède de Forbin studied canon law and civil law in Turin and received the title of doctor. He returned to Marseille in 1454 and became legal advisor to his brothers Jacques, Pierre and Jean, who had taken over their father's business. On January 28, 1455 he married in Aubagne Jeanne de Castillon Beynes, daughter of Charles de Castillon Beynes, Baron of Aubagne, adviser to René of Anjou , and Madeleine de Quiqueran. René von Anjou made him an advisor in the service of his son and heir John of Calabria , governor of Genoa (August 2, 1458).

In 1459 Forbin was sent to Venice to stir up the opposition of the Serenissima to the Duke of Milan , who was able to oppose the reconquest of Naples by the Anjou. The mission failed because Venice declared that it wanted to maintain strict neutrality. The following year began the expedition against Ferdinand of Naples , ordered by John of Calabria , in which the betrayal of General Jacopo Piccinino after the defeat of Troy (August 18, 1462) put an end to all hopes. Forbin was captured at L'Aquila headquarters and held hostage until 1466.

After his return he was appointed Vicarius of the Duke of Calabria, on May 18, 1466 as Second Président de la Cour des Maîtres rationaux . On January 1, 1467, he was Visiteur des Gabelles à sel du Rhône with a salary of 400 livre a year. In the same year, the rebellious Catalans asked René d'Anjou for help against their ruler John II of Aragon . Palamède de Forbin accompanied the army of 8,000 men commanded by John of Calabria to Barcelona and received the Barony of Croilas in the Kingdom of Aragón .

In 1468 he was ennobled and bought the Solliès estate for 13,000 florins from Pierre de Beauvau. On March 9, 1469 he came to Aix-en-Provence to take the oath as Grand Président with a salary of 600 florins annually. On December 16, 1470, John of Calabria died in Barcelona. In 1474 de Forbin bought the rulership of the island of Porquerolles for 7,000 florins. In 1476 Louis XI appointed him . from France to advisor and chamberlain with an annual salary of 6,000 livres, presumably following the conferences held in Lyon.

In the service of Louis XI.

In the service of Louis XI. de Forbin stayed mainly in Provence , as the succession there was constantly threatened. On the one hand, John II of Aragón suggested in January 1478 to René of Anjou to buy Provence. On the other hand, René II of Lorraine tried to enforce his rights to Provence, in particular by staying there in July 1479. Louis XI. had to send Karl of Maine , then Palamède de Forbin. René II of Lorraine, known for his victory against Charles the Bold , came to Venice's aid in 1480, so that the republic recognized his rights to Provence. When René I died on July 10, 1480, Karl von Anjou succeeded him as the last Count of Provence.

After the threat of the Turks who had besieged Rhodes and sacked Otranto , Pope Sixtus IV demanded a new crusade through the legate Giuliano della Rovere , sent on June 5, 1480 , which made the previous reconciliation of the princes necessary. Louis XI. appointed Palamède de Forbin as envoy plenipotentiary with the aim of finding a compromise with Maximilian of Austria . He negotiated with Jacob of Savoy , the former lieutenant-général of Burgundy, according to the intentions of Louis XI. Indeed, his mission was so dangerous because Maximilian's ambassador could be kidnapped. However, these negotiations became obsolete with the Treaty of Arras of 1482 , which confirmed France's possession of Burgundy and Picardy.

Charles of Anjou died on December 11, 1481. In the absence of a male heir, Provence definitely reverted to France. With royal patent letters of December 19, 1481, Louis XI. Palamède de Forbin as grand seneschal and governor of Provence , as well as lieutenant-général for Provence and the county of Forcalquier , and gave him the vice-county of Martigues, which had been confiscated by François I de Luxembourg after he had tried to take Provence with the To join Duchy of Lorraine. With further letters on the same day he was appointed governor of the Dauphiné to succeed Jean de Daillon , Seigneur du Lude, who had died on November 22, 1481. He ruled both large regions, the size of which corresponded to the Duchy of Brittany, if only for a year, since he was replaced in the Dauphiné by Jacques de Miolans in 1482. From now on, Palamède de Forbin no longer signed as a delegate, but with his seal: “Palamedes locum tenens”.

On January 15, 1482, he established the status of the Union of Provence with France before the meeting of the États in Aix-en-Provence. Then he went on a trip through Provence, during which he confirmed privileges everywhere and also spread his favor: gratuities, pensions, places, tax immunity, but above all he thought of his family and relatives. When Louis XI. wrote his political will on September 21, 1482, Palamède de Forbin was one of the king's servants who signed at Amboise Castle .

However, complaints also reached the court. Louis XI. died on August 30, 1483 and Charles VIII succeeded him. On October 20, 1483, the new government decided to dismiss Palamède de Forbin. At the end of 1488 Forbin was appointed commissioner responsible for reforming the judicial system in Languedoc .

Around 1498 he retired from public life, but still saw his family thrive and alliance with the greatest names in Provence. On May 15, 1500, the wedding of his granddaughter Marguerite de Glandèves-Faucon with Jean le Bâtard d'Anjou, Marquis de Pont-à-Mousson , Seigneur de Saint-Rémy-de-Provence et de Saint-Cannat took place in his house in Aix , celebrated, a son of Renés.

On April 13, 1469 and January 7, 1475 he wrote wills, but Palamède de Forbin did not die until February 12, 1508. He was buried in the Franciscan church (Église des Observantins).

The importance of Forbins for Provence

In the history of Provence, Palamède de Forbin is one of the most important people, as he, as adviser and chamberlain of the House of Anjou, persuaded them to give their county Louis XI. to leave behind.

The King of France and the Anjou family got into a great conflict when René von Anjou, in his last will of July 12 or 22, 1474, excluded Louis XI, one of his nephews, as heir. In fact, neither René of Charles V of Anjou had a direct male heir. After an interruption of the process before the Parlement de Paris on April 6, 1479, two-party conferences were held in Lyon from May 4 to June 9. The result was that Provence would revert to the Crown after the death of Charles.

Indeed, Palamède de Forbin had found a clause in the marriage records of Béatrice de Provence , heiress of Provence and of Forcalquier, with Charles of Anjou , brother of Louis the Saint , according to which Provence should revert to France in the absence of male heirs: the Lex Indeed, Salica stipulated that the king's appanages should end in the absence of male heirs. In this way, Louis XI. Already in 1469 Normandy and in 1472 Guyenne taken. Charles, the last count of Provence, died in 1481.

For the Kingdom of France, the reversal of the duchies of the House of Anjou completed control of the Mediterranean border.

marriage and family

Forbin was married to Jeanne Castillon de Beynes since 1455. The following children were born from the marriage:

See also

  • Hôtel Palamède de Forbin, the Hôtel particulier in Aix, built for him at the beginning of the 16th century , today Rue Thiers 10

literature

  • B. de Maynier, Histoire de la principale noblesse de Provence , 1st part, p. 159, Aix-en-Provence 1719
  • Joseph François Michaud , Louis Gabriel Michaud , Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne ... , Chez Michaud frères, Volume 25, 1820, p. 53
  • Ordonnances des roys de France de la troisième race: Ordonnances rendues depuis le mois de mars 1482 jusqu'au mois d'avril 1486 , 1835 ( online )
  • Jules Michelet , Histoire de France , Volume 6, Louis XI , p. 339, Éditions des Équateurs, 1844/2008
  • Joseph Vaesen, Étienne Charavay, Lettres de Louis XI , Volume 8, Société de l'histoire de France et Librairie Renouard, Paris, 1903.
  • Jean Favier , Louis XI , Fayard, Paris, 2001, ISBN 978-2-213-61003-0
  • Jacques Heers , Louis XI , Perrin, Paris, 2003. ISBN 978-2-262-02084-2
  • Pierre Le Roy, Palamède de Forbin, seigneur de Solliès, gentilhomme, Homme d'État provençal , France Europe Éditions, 2003.
  • Alexandre Mahue, Regards du Passé. Les 250 portraits de la famille de Forbin , Cardère Editions, 2019
  • Chronologie sommaire de l'histoire de Provence , Association Généalogique des Bouches-du-Rhône (Archives municipales de Marseille), ( online )

Remarks

  1. ↑ Le château Forbin. www.ville-sollies-pont.fr, accessed on April 22, 2020 (French).
  2. ↑ Jeseph Vaesen et Étienne Charavay, Lettres de Louis XI , tome VIII, Société de l'histoire de France et Librairie Renouard, Paris, 1903rd
  3. ↑ Vaesen / Charavay, p. 276; Père Anselme , Volume 8, p. 33
  4. ^ Jacques Heers , Louis XI , Perrin, Paris, 2003.   ( ISBN 978-2-262-02084-2 )
  5. ^ Heers, p. 84
  6. ↑ Michaud / Michaud
  7. ^ Heers, p. 84
  8. ^ Favier, p. 761
  9. ↑ Favier, p. 761; on October 25, 1480 Louis XI. Write quickly to delle Rovere, knowing the hostilities were coming from Maximilian
  10. ↑ Chronology sommaire 1481
  11. ↑ Vaesen / Charavay, p. 276; Archives nationales de France , K72, No. 62-2
  12. ↑ Vaesen / Charavay, p. 276; Archives départementales de l'Isère, cote B2904, fol. 401 v ° et B3238, fol. 5 v °
  13. ↑ Vaesen / Charavay, p. 333, footnote 1
  14. ↑ Chronology sommaire 1482
  15. ^ Ordonnances
  16. ↑ Chronology sommaire 1483
  17. ↑ Vaesen / Charavay, p 276
  18. ↑ Vaesen / Charavay, p 276
  19. ^ Favier, p. 785
  20. ↑ According to Favier, it is July 12th, Heers and Vaesen name the 22nd.
  21. ↑ Chronology sommaire 1474
  22. ^ Heers, p. 83
  23. ↑ Michelet, p. 339
  24. ↑ Chronology sommaire 1246
  25. ^ Favier, p. 785
  26. ↑ Vaesen / Charavay, pp. 119–120, footnote 2, after Maynier, p. 159
personal data
SURNAME Forbin, Palamède de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Seigneur de Solliès
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Grand Seneschal and Governor of Provence
DATE OF BIRTH 1433
PLACE OF BIRTH Marseille
DATE OF DEATH February 12, 1508
Place of death Aix-en-Provence