Peter Breuer (carver)

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Peter Breuer (* around 1472 in Zwickau ; † September 12, 1541 ibid) was a late Gothic Saxon sculptor and carver.

Life

Peter Breuer began his artistic career with the usual wanderings of the time, during which he was a student of Tilman Riemenschneider . He studied the works of Riemenschneider and Gregor Erhart in Würzburg and Ulm . In 1502, Breuer founded his own workshop in Zwickau as a master craftsman and in 1504 obtained citizenship in Zwickau. He got his own property. The Pietà , created in the same year, is regarded as his main work . The sculpture is in Zwickau's St. Marien Cathedral . Representations of the Virgin Mary were made by him particularly frequently . Many of his testimonies can be found today in West Saxon parishes and museums. He created his last altarpiece in 1521 for a church in Kirchberg . In the course of the beginning of the Reformation , Breuer remained without orders. Most of the other carvers in the areas of Protestantism had a similar experience at that time . In the turmoil of those times there was radicalization. After the sermons of Friedrich Myconius and Thomas Müntzer , the first iconoclasms occurred in Zwickau. Sacred art was destroyed or at least removed from the churches. The Breuer works were nevertheless able to survive the iconoclasms because they were kept in small, insignificant places away from the event centers. Breuer ultimately died in deep poverty.

In many places in Saxony streets are named after Peter Breuer. The Catholic Peter-Breuer-Gymnasium in Zwickau, which is sponsored by the Diocese of Dresden-Meißen , bears the artist's name.

Works

Christ resting , devotional picture by Peter Breuer, Skulpturensammlung Dresden (exhibited in the Schloßbergmuseum Chemnitz)

In addition to complete winged altars , Breuer also created images and figures of saints. An early major work is the Lamentation of Christ (around 1502), which can be seen in the St. Marien Church in Zwickau. Further works are for example:

  • St. George, figure of an altar coronation probably from Neukirchen an der Pleiße near Zwickau, around 1489 (today Dresden Sculpture Collection, exhibited in the Schloßbergmuseum Chemnitz )
  • Church altar from Steinsdorf near Plauen, 1497
  • Christ resting, probably Zwickau, beginning of the 16th century (today Dresden Sculpture Collection, exhibited in the Schloßbergmuseum Chemnitz)
  • St. Christophorus and John the Baptist, Anne Altar from Gersdorf near Lugau , 1506 (today Dresden Sculpture Collection, exhibited in the Schloßbergmuseum Chemnitz)
  • So-called. Zwickau Altar from the former Nikolaikirche in Zwickau, around 1500 (today in the GRASSI Museum for Applied Arts in Leipzig)
  • Christ in Rest (today Freiberg City and Mining Museum )
  • Crucifixion group of the Johanniskirche in Chemnitz
  • Altar by Hirschfeld, around 1500, (today orangery in Gera)
  • Sölmnitz Altar ( City Museum Gera )
  • Altar of the Church of St. Laurentius in Culitzsch
  • Altar in the Salvatorkirche in Weißbach
  • Altar in the church "To the three Marys" in Wildenfels (OT Härtensdorf )
  • Five figures in the St. Rochus Church in Wildenfels (OT Schönau )
  • Altar figures, dated 1511/1512, in the church in Hartmannsdorf near Kirchberg
  • extraordinarily well-preserved winged altar in parish church Hartha -Nauhain (1504)
  • Altar of the Assumption Church in Cranzahl
  • Winged altar (dated 1512), almost completely preserved, in the St. Jacobus Church in Mülsen St. Jacob
  • Winged altar in the Lichtentanne chapel , approx. 1506 (former location: Church of St. Barbara Lichtentanne)
  • Winged altar in the church originating from 1513
  • Winged altar in the church of Leukersdorf from 1519
  • Winged altar with predella in Erlbach-Kirchberg (church in Kirchberg) from 1521 (last Breuer altar) currently in the City and Mining Museum in Freiberg
  • Lößnitz : City church: figure "Christ with the flag of victory" (around 1505)
  • Tower : church, winged altar (dated 1508)
  • Grumbach near Waldenburg: crucifix (around 1510) in the church
  • So-called. Callenberger Altar, dated 1512/1513 (today in the GRASSI Museum for Applied Arts in Leipzig). Two figures, most likely from the blasting of the altar, a blessing God the Father and a Christ as Man of Sorrows, are owned by the Callenberg parish .
  • Bernsdorf near Lichtenstein / Sa .: Crucifix (around 1515/1520) in the church
  • Mülsen St. Micheln: Figure Saint Michael in the church

Several exhibits by Peter Breuer can be seen in the Zwickau City Museum . Several works by Peter Breuer have been preserved in the former Schönburg rulers . The art collection of the Altenburg art collector Hans Löbe (1870–1947) contained important works by Peter Breuer. When Hans Löbe sold parts of his collection to various museums, some objects came into the possession of the museum and the Hinterglauchau Castle art collection in 1937 .

literature

  • Otto Riedel: The picture carver from Zwickau. Matthes, Leipzig 1920.
  • Otto Riedel: The picture carver from Zwickau. (From the life of Peter Breuer), Herbert Reich Evangelischer Verlag, Hamburg-Volksdorf 1953, III-18-127-50000-53-53
  • Walter Hentschel :  Breuer, Peter. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 607 ( digitized version ).
  • Susan Ebert: Peter Breuer - an important Saxon carver of the late Gothic. Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2004, ISBN 3-930036-93-2 .
  • Gisa Bär / Günter Hummel / Barbara Löwe / Werner Markgraf / Frank Reinhold / Wolf-Dieter Röber : News from Zwickau carver Peter Breuer . The small sacred art guide 8, ed. from the Altenburg Academy, Protestant Adult Education (Altenburg-Langenweißbach-Neumark 2004).
  • Günter Hummel: Relations of the Zwickau carver Peter Breuer to the Altenburger Land , in: P. Sachsenbacher, R. Einicke, H.-J. Beier, Tegkwitz and the Altenburger Land in the Middle Ages, BFO 1 (Langenweißbach 2003) 143–148.
  • Günter Hummel: A previously unknown crucifix by the Zwickau carver Peter Breuer in Neustadt an der Orla , in: Jb. Des Museum Hohenleuben-Reichenfels, No. 38 (Hohenleuben 1993) 16-19.
  • Günter Hummel: News from Peter Breuer from Vogtland , in: Das Vogtland-Jahrbuch 1996, 13th year (Plauen 1996) 128-133.
  • Günter Hummel: The Röthenbacher village church and its winged altar by Peter Breuer , in: Das Vogtland-Jahrbuch 2003, 20th year (Plauen 2003) 141–146.
  • Günter Hummel: The image of Mary by Dobia - a Christmas contemplation , in: The messenger of the homeland. Articles from the district of Greiz and the surrounding area, No. 12/1998, vol. 44 (Greiz 1998) 3-5.
  • Günter Hummel / Barbara Löwe: Late Gothic carved altars and sculptures in the East Thuringian-West Saxon area , in: Der Heimatbote. Articles from the district of Greiz and the surrounding area, No. 05/2003, 49th year (Greiz 2003) 9–11.
  • Hans-Jürgen Beier / Günter Hummel / Barbara Löwe / Frank Reinhold / Wolf-Dieter Röber / Mario Titze / Gerhard Walter, The Salvatorkirche von Weißbach . The little sacred art guide 7, ed. from the Altenburg Academy, Protestant Adult Education (Altenburg-Langenweißbach-Neumark 2003).
  • Günter Hummel / Barbara Löwe / Frank Reinhold / Lutz Scherf / Hartmut Mai / Karlheinz Wohlgemuth / Ina Schumann, Christ Church Lichtentanne in the district of Zwickau . The small sacred art guide 16, ed. from the Altenburg Academy, Protestant Adult Education (Altenburg-Langenweißbach-Neumark 2008).
  • Walter Hentschel: "Peter Breuer - A late Gothic picture carver's workshop", Dresden, 1951
  • Wolf-Dieter Röber : "Peter Breuer - A Zwickau carver. His works in the city and district of Zwickau", Zwickau 1979
  • Wolf-Dieter Röber : "The Callenberger Altar - A Work by the Zwickau carver Peter Breuer", In: Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, series of publications, issue 2, Glauchau, 1980, pp. 12-23
  • Katharina Flügel, The Callenberger Altar. Leaflet of the GRASSI Museum for Applied Arts Leipzig, Leipzig 2016
  • Katharina Flügel, The Zwickau Altar. Leaflet of the GRASSI Museum for Applied Arts Leipzig, Leipzig 2016

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b collective of authors, including Helmut Bräuer, Robby Joachim Götze, Steffen Winkler and Wolf-Dieter Röber : "The Schönburger, Economy, Politics, Culture". Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–1991 in the Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, chap. "Church and Art", p. 103, works by Peter Breuer in the Schönburg dominions
  2. ^ Walter Fellmann : Saxony - culture and landscape between Vogtland and Upper Lusatia, Leipzig lowlands and the Ore Mountains. DuMont, Cologne 1997, ISBN 3-7701-4093-1 , pp. 55, 301 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  3. ^ Author collective, u. a. Helmut Bräuer, Robby Joachim Götze, Steffen Winkler and Wolf-Dieter Röber : The Schönburger, economy, politics, culture . Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–1991 in the Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, chap. "Church and Art", p. 102, Fig. 36 "Shrine of the winged altar in the church of Mülsen St. Jakob, around 1512"
  4. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Röber : To the collection of sacred art of the Museum Schloss Hinterglauchau catalog of the exhibition , In: Series of publications Heft 11, Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau, 1999, p. 37 u. P. 49 (on the collection of Hans Löbe, with many illustrations of works of art by Peter Breuer)

Web links

Commons : Peter Breuer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Breuer, Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Saxon late Gothic sculptor and carver
DATE OF BIRTH around 1472
PLACE OF BIRTH Zwickau
DATE OF DEATH September 12, 1541
Place of death Zwickau