Parish Church Pillichsdorf
The Roman Catholic Parish Church of Pillichsdorf is located in the municipality of Pillichsdorf in the Mistelbach district in Lower Austria . It is consecrated to St. Martin and belongs to the Wolkersdorf deanery in the vicariate Unter dem Manhartsberg of the Archdiocese of Vienna . The building is under monument protection ( list entry ).
Location description
The church stands free on the southern edge of the Pillichsdorf community and was previously surrounded by a cemetery.
history
In the absence of precise sources, the foundation of the Pillichsdorf parish is assumed to have been around the year 1050 and should later have come into the possession of the Passau diocese . Since the Middle Ages (secured since 1205) Pillichsdorf was the seat of an extensive deanery of the Diocese of Passau. From the Middle Ages (at least since 1330) until 1724, the Pillichsdorf-Ulrichskirchen double dean existed in order to secure a higher income for the dean . In addition, some places in the area belonged to the Pillichsdorf parish, such as B. probably originally also Ulrichskirchen , then Wolkersdorf (until approx. 1350), Großengersdorf (until 1784), Eibesbrunn (until 1784), Seyring (until 1755), Obersdorf (until 1913), Raggendorf (until 1715), Hautzendorf ( Heiliger Berg ) / Traunfeld (until 1885) as well as the Helmahof and the Reuhof and were looked after from here, which repeatedly led to tensions between the dean in Pillichsdorf and the communities mentioned. In the Middle Ages, professors at the University of Vienna were Dechante von Pillichsdorf several times . Later, in the Baroque period , the financially well-funded parish was often given to officials of the Passau Officials in Vienna. Pillichsdorf ( belonging to the Archdiocese of Vienna since 1785 ) remained the seat of the deanery until 1995. Since then, the neighboring Wolkersdorf has been the seat of the deacon.
The parish church is one of the oldest and largest churches in the region. Parts of the nave date from the Romanesque period (first half of the 13th century), the high choir was built in the first half of the 15th century in the Gothic style, the 45 meter high tower was built in the 16th century. After a fire, the nave was given a new vault at the end of the 16th century. In the 18th century the building was expanded and partially baroque. The interior furnishings mainly date from the Baroque era (18th century) and the 19th century.
architecture
- Church exterior
The church has a basilica, essentially Romanesque nave. On the south side, the facade is structured by stepped Gothic buttresses and lunette windows. The westernmost of these is a rectangular Romanesque window.
The nave is dominated by the Gothic choir from the beginning of the 15th century. The long choir ends in a 5/8 end and has a circumferential base zone. At the polygon there are double-stepped buttresses with a gable top. Above a high cordon cornice are pointed arched windows with fluted walls and three-lane tracery in rich three-pass and fish-bubble shapes . The easternmost window is walled up.
The free-standing, mighty, 45-meter-high church tower dates from the end of the late Gothic period. It is connected to the nave by two buttresses and walls. The lowest storey dates from 1508, the first upper storey was built in 1511, the second and third storey in the two following years. The tower façade is simply structured by stone blocks and deep pointed arch hatches. The tower has three late Gothic portals on the tower ground floor, the walls of which are grooved. The northern one has barbed profiles on diamond-coated bases. A hexagonal stair tower from 1509 is built on the northeast side . The spire in baroque forms was first erected in 1725 and renewed in 1803, 1880 and 1971. The tower's ground floor has a groin vault .
The sacristy , the former Margaret Chapel, is built on in the northern corner of the choir . It was originally built at the end of the 14th century and expanded to the east in mid-1762. The extension is a low extension with ashlar blocks and a monopitch roof and a buttress on the west side. To the south of the choir, a new chapel was built in 1699 in place of the old sacristy. In 1744 it was converted into a simple Johannes Nepomuk chapel with an oratory . On the north side of the choir is a late Gothic relief from around 1420, surrounded by a coffin cornice. This shows "Christ on the Mount of Olives" with the coats of arms of the Schärffenberg and Dachsberg families . A Romanesque relief plate from the first quarter of the 13th century is attached to the southeastern polygonal wall. This is probably the rest of the tympanum of the former Romanesque basilica. "Christ in the mandorla " is depicted on it. At his feet lie a lion and a griffin. On the outer wall are several baroque tombstones from the years 1733, 1778 and 1798 as well as a weathered inscription tombstone from 1569.
- Church interior
The three-aisled nave has four bays. The former Romanesque nave was redesigned in Baroque style at the end of the 17th century. In the central nave there is a stitch cap vault with plaster decoration in the form of rings in the middle of the yoke. This rests on pilasters with surrounding beams , which are placed in front of the massive Romanesque pillars. On the west side is a one-bay organ loft, which is vaulted under a square . The parapet of the organ gallery from the 18th century is prominent. The two lower aisles are long barrel vaulted . The aisles are open in round arches to the main nave. The side aisles are divided like chapels and connected by basket arches. In the first southern yoke there is a ribbed vault from the beginning of the 14th century with a keystone in relief in the form of a star. In the second southern yoke remains of a Gothic window frame from the 14th century and a small field with Gothic masonry have been exposed. The Gothic triumphal arch is ogival. The highly elevated long choir dates from around 1420 and closes at the 5/8 end. The choir is vaulted with cross ribs and has a rosette keystone. In the southern polygonal wall is a niche with a fragmented blind arch . Inside is a late Gothic, heavily weathered wall painting. This work depicts the " Crucifixion of Christ with Mary and John ". The work of art probably dates from 1486.
In the northern corner of the choir is the sacristy, the former Margaret Chapel from 1390. In 1762 it was extended to the east. The sacristy is vaulted with ribs, the two western bays are Gothic. The vault rests on rounded edges and has keystones in relief. The western yoke is slightly drawn in and has profiled pointed arches that originate from the entrance to the north aisle, which is now walled up. Fragments of red chalk drawings can be seen on the north wall . They were possibly preliminary drawings for late Gothic wall paintings and depict a warrior with a sword, the flagellation of Jesus and a mercy seat .
The Johannes Nepomuk Chapel adjoins the choir to the south. This is a two-bay baroque extension with a basket-arched groin vault on a pilaster structure. In the segmented niche is a scenically arranged group of scenes depicting the "fall of the bridge of St. John Nepomuk ". The group of figures was created in 1744. A small volute-supported tabernacle was built around the middle of the 18th century. In the chapel there is also a baroque tombstone for Petrus Franc Karl de Priesen, dean of Pillichsdorf. The marble inscription cartouche with relief putti heads dates from 1758.
Furnishing
The high altar dates from 1761 and 1762. It is a monumental, pilaster-structured picture frame retable on a high, volute-flanked base. The altarpiece by Johann Panter shows the “donation of the coat of St. Martin”. It was created around 1760 and renovated in 1846. On the cartouche-shaped volute extension there are angel figures with attributes of St. Martin of Tours. To the side of the altarpiece are figures of Saints Florian and Leopold . The altar table is designed as a sarcophagus altar with a monumental, richly structured Rococo tabernacle. The four console statues in the choir were consecrated in 1895. They represent St. Joseph, St. James , St. Anthony and St. Anna .
In the south aisle is the Barbara altar from 1769. The altar is a pilaster-structured wall retable with an altar sheet, which depicts St. Barbara . It was painted by Martin Johann Schmidt ("Kremser Schmidt") and supplemented in 1859 with pictures of the saints Karl Borromeo , Aloisius , Stanislaus , Michael and Josef .
In the north aisle is the congregational altar, the former women's altar. It was created in 1926 and shows a figure of Maria Immaculata on it .
The pulpit from the third quarter of the 18th century is richly decorated. A relief depicting "Christ and the Samaritan" is attached to the basket. On the sound cover you can see putti figures with the symbols of the divine virtues . Opposite the pulpit is a crucifixion group from the third quarter of the 18th century. This stands under a canopy and has a frame that is comparable to that of the pulpit.
In the tower ground floor is a baroque crucifix from 1733. Alois Nigg painted the 14 Stations of the Cross pictures in 1840. On the copy of a votive picture from 1684 you can see an old view of Pillichsdorf. The baptismal font was made of red marble in 1649 and renovated in 1933 and 1934 and 1967. In the sacristy there is a 17th century marble holy water font. It stands in a segmented arch niche with flanking half-columns. The carved choir stalls date from the second half of the 18th century. The communion grille from 1760 is made of wrought iron, which is embedded in a stone balustrade. The Eternal Light was created in the early 19th century. There are two epitaphs made of red marble on the triumphal arch wall. The left one with the coat of arms and insignia of the deceased was created for Count Johann Joachim Ignaz von Aham and dates from 1702. The right one for Count Johannes Antonius von Herberstein from 1701 shows the coat of arms of the Herberstein family and a winged death genius made of polychrome stucco.
organ
The organ from 1847 comes from Josef Loyp . The housing as well as the parapet positive were built in classical forms. The organ with slider system, mechanical game and stop action has 16 registers and two manuals as well as a pedal and over 900 pipes. It was rebuilt in 1973 by Philipp Eppel and renovated in 2008 by Orgelbau M. Walcker-Mayer in Guntramsdorf .
Bell jar
The oldest bell is the train bell. It was cast by Johann Baptist Dival in 1715 .
Trivia
- Pillichsdorf Tower Museum
The tower museum is a small museum in the 500 year old steeple of the parish church of St. Martin. It was founded in 1984, and since 1987 has included a second tower floor. Spiral stairs lead up to the two rooms, where over 130 exhibits from the history of the town can be viewed. (Geology, prehistory and early history, middle ages, modern times)
literature
- Dehio manual . The art monuments of Austria: Lower Austria. North of the Danube. Pillichsdorf. Parish church hl. Martin. Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.), Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-7031-0585-2 , pp. 878ff.
- Parish Church of St. Martin in Pillichsdorf. Church leaders. In: Christian art places of Austria 552. Hg. Vd Pfarre Pillichsdorf. Salzburg: Verlag St. Peter 2013
Web links
- Web presence of the parish Pillichsdorf
- 3D model of the parish church of St. Martin in Lower Austria 3D
Individual evidence
- ^ Lower Austria - immovable and archaeological monuments under monument protection. ( Memento from June 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) . Federal Monuments Office , as of June 21, 2016 (PDF).
- ^ Hösch, Rudolf: Heimatbuch der Marktgemeinde Pillichsdorf. 1987, p. 78ff.
- ↑ renovation of the Loyp organ ; Retrieved December 7, 2015
- ↑ Pillichsdorf Tower Museum at www.weinviertel.at ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 48 ° 21 '44.1 " N , 16 ° 32' 24.3" E