Place de la Bastille
| Place de la Bastille | |
|---|---|
| location | |
| Arrondissement | 4th , 11th and 12th |
| quarter | Arsenal Roquette Quinze-Vingts |
| road estuaries |
Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine rue de la Roquette boulevard de la Bastille rue de Lyon boulevard Henri-IV rue Saint-Antoine boulevard Beaumarchais boulevard Richard-Lenoir |
| morphology | |
| length | 215 m |
| width | 150 m |
| history | |
| Emergence | June 27, 1792 |
| Original names | Place de la Porte Saint-Antoine Place Saint-Antoine Place Antoine |
| Coding | |
| Paris | 0697 |
The Place de la Bastille in Paris is now an important urban transport hub . It is also a symbolic place, because it was here that the French Revolution began with the storming of the Bastille , which was then destroyed between July 14, 1789 and July 14, 1790.
Location and importance
The Place de la Bastille , 215 m long and 150 m wide, is an important traffic-wise square in Paris. The following streets lead into the square in a clockwise direction:
- Rue Saint-Antoine (the extension of Rue de Rivoli ), which leads past the Paris City Hall and Châtelet in front of the Place de la Concorde .
- Rue de la Bastille
- Boulevard Beaumarchais leading to the Place de la République .
- Boulevard Richard-Lenoir , which turns into Boulevard Jules-Ferry , leads to the Quai de Valmy and further along the Canal Saint-Martin to the Stalingrad metro station .
- Rue de la Roquette to Place Léon-Blum (with the 11th arrondissement town hall ) and on to the Père Lachaise cemetery .
- Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine , which leads to the Place de la République .
- Rue de Charenton , which leads to Porte de Charenton towards the 12th arrondissement town hall .
- Passage du Cheval-Blanc
- Rue de Lyon , which leads to the Gare de Lyon .
- Boulevard de la Bastille and Boulevard Bourdon , both of which follow the banks of the Port de l'Arsenal to the Seine .
- Boulevard Henri IV
On the square is the Opéra Bastille by Carlos Ott . The Bastille metro station ( metro line 5 ) named after the square is located under the square . The platform of the metro station contains remains of the outer wall of the moat. Under the metro station is the Canal Saint-Martin , which runs for 2 km underground in a tunnel under the Boulevard Richard Lenoir and starts at the Port de l'Arsenal. This serves as a marina for over 200 ships that can reach the Seine via a lock.
Transport links
- 3 Métrolienen : 1 , 5 (both Bastille stop ) and 8 ( Chemin Vert )
- 10 bus routes : 29, 65, 69, 76, 86, 87, 91, Open Tour
- 5 night bus routes : N01, N02, N11, N16, N144
- Taxi station
historical development
La Bastille
The head of the Paris merchants , Étienne Marcel , had a fortified gate built to defend the Rue Saint-Antoine and surrounded by a small bastion ( French Bastille ).
Charles V wanted to protect his Hôtel Saint-Paul from a sudden attack and ordered the rebuilding of these fortifications on a larger scale. Hugues Aubriot , then head of the Parisian merchants, laid the foundation stone for this in 1370.
Originally the fortification only had two towers; two others quickly came up, and Charles VI. had four towers built in 1383 and connected them with thick walls surrounded by a moat. Between 1553 and 1559, under Henry II , new fortifications were added. This work included a curtain wall connected by bastions and surrounded by a deep moat. The contours of the east walls of the fortress are now marked by a special paving in the western part of the square.
In May 1418 Charles VII , then a French Dauphin , was forced to leave his residence, the Hôtel Saint-Paul , and fled Paris via the Bastille because of the massacres of the Burgundians , led by the executioner Capeluche .
In August of the same year the Burgundy besieged the Bastille Saint-Antoine and broke the door in order to Armagnacs decrease had taken refuge here . When the prisoners were to be transferred to the Grand Châtelet , the escort was attacked and the people massacred the Armagnaks.
This Bastille, which was built to protect the capital from attacks by the Burgundians and the English, served under Louis XI. as a prison. Ludwig I, Count of St. Pol , Connétable of France , was locked in the Bastille on November 27, 1475 and beheaded on the Place de Grève on December 19 of the same year .
Richelieu made the Bastille a state prison. The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 by the people of Faubourg Saint-Antoine is usually assumed to be the beginning of the French Revolution . Since this major event in French history, the square has been symbolic and has been the scene of numerous political demonstrations.
When the demolition began on August 14, 1789, workers found five bullets in the walls of the Grafschaftsturm. It is believed that they were shot here on the occasion of the Battle of the Faubourg Saint-Antoine in 1652. - Parts of the demolition material were used for the construction of the Pont Louis XVI .
A law of June 27, 1792 required the creation of a square on the Bastille site. On the 11th Frimaire XII (December 3, 1803) a decree on the design of the "Gouvernement de la République" was drawn up, but it was not implemented.
Dance floor
On July 14, 1790, the entrepreneur Pierre-François Palloy organized a festival on the occasion of the official federation festival : A tent was erected in the middle of the ruins with the announcement “Ici on danse” ( German: Here we dance ); this was the first ball on July 14th and has been a tradition since. There is a gouache painting on cardboard ( Musée Carnavalet ) of the tent by Henri-Joseph Van Blarenbergh , a military painter who also painted pictures of the storming of the Bastille.
Since June 16, 1792, it has been a done deal that the Bastille area is a place of "freedom" and that a corresponding column should be erected here. Palloy , the contractor who demolished the Bastille, delivered the first stone; but it stayed that way. Only a fountain was built on the site in 1793.
Erecting the guillotine on the square
From June 9 to 14, 1794, the guillotine was erected on the square that had been freed from the remains of the Bastille and was now called "Place Antoine" . The Citoyens , however, requested the relocation to the Place du Trône-Renversé ( German place of the overthrown throne ). On the Place de la Bastille alone, 75 people were guillotined.
The Bastille Elephant
Napoleon , who wanted to redesign Paris , planned in a project from 1808 to erect a monument with an elephant carrying a sedan chair to create a counterpart in the east to the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile in the west of Paris. It was supposed to be 24 m high and to be cast from the bronze of the cannons captured by the Russians. A staircase should allow the ascent from one foot.
There is an imperial decree on this, issued on February 24, 1811 in the Palais des Tuileries :
“The elephant that is supposed to adorn the Fontaine de la Bastille is cast from bronze . The material of the monument is not included in the editions; it is delivered from our arsenals and our Minister of War forms the bronze (ingot from the cannons) that were captured in the battle of Friedland . "
Architect Jean-Antoine Alavoine began work in 1833, but only a life-size plaster model by sculptor Pierre-Charles Bridan was erected. Victor Hugo's novel Les Misérables is a reminder of this by the protection it offers Gavroche . In 1846 the monument was demolished; only the floor plan of the fountain remained.
The July column
In 1830 Louis-Philippe I decided to build the July Column , which was planned for 1792, but now in memory of the Trois Glorieuses .
A royal decree of July 6, 1831 ordered the establishment of a memorial to honor the victims of the three days of the revolution. Louis-Philippe I laid the foundation stone on July 27th . The column is designed according to the Corinthian model : inscriptions, palm trees, crowns of immortals, oak wreaths, the city arms, the Gallic rooster and the lion, astronomical symbol of the month of July, adorn the base.
The inauguration took place in 1840.
National arena
Place de la Bastille was the entrance to the Arènes nationales , a huge opera-air venue that opened on July 1, 1851. On February 23, 1852, a large carnival parade took place here on Rose Monday. The activities in the Arènes nationales were brief: in 1854 the site was sold to build residential buildings on it.
La Bastille train station
The Gare de la Bastille (also: Gare de Paris-Bastille) is a former Paris train station that was open from 1859 to 1969. It was the starting point for the Paris- Verneuil-l'Étang line , called Ligne de Vincennes , which was intended to emphasize that the establishment took place at the same time as that of Fort de Vincennes . After the end of the train service, the station building was used as an exhibition room until it was demolished in 1984; the Opéra Bastille was built in its place .
Battles of the Commune 1871
On May 24, 1871, the Communards tried to destroy the July Column, as they had already done with the Colonne Vendôme . Under the Canal Saint-Martin , they placed a container of petroleum in the area of the column. The flames came out of the tunnel 50 meters high and snaked up the column. Eventually, up to 30 projectiles were fired from de Pont d'Austerlitz and the Buttes-Chaumont, but the column remained undamaged.
Attractions
- The July column , built between 1833 and 1840 to commemorate the overthrow of the monarchy of Charles X (July 27, 28 and 29, 1830)
- The dimensions of the fortress La Bastille are marked with a paving.
- At number 5, “Café français”, there is a plaque with a sketch of the former fortress.
- Two remains of the foundation walls of the fortress can be seen in the Bastille metro station (lines 5, 1, 8; line 5 towards Bobigny) and in the tunnel leading to the Boulevard Henri IV entrance.
- The Opéra Bastille and behind it the Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts
- The Port de l'Arsenal , into which the Canal Saint-Martin flows.
activities
The square is regularly used for exhibitions and markets. The Troisième République made the place for the official republican institution when the French national holiday was celebrated for the first time in 1880 .
It is very popular with the youth because of the many cafes, restaurants, cinemas and night cafes that there are here.
The square is the starting point, destination or transit point for many demonstrations of a social, political or union nature.
The square has traditionally been the starting point for Gay Pride since 1980 , especially since the 1990s with a record attendance of 200,000 to 700,000 according to various sources.
Trade union demonstration on May 22, 2008
July column at the Marche des Fiertés
La Bastille on the evening of the manifestations of the 10 and 11 janvier 2015
Every Sunday afternoon, if the weather permits, the place is the starting point for an approximately 20 km long secured course through the streets of Paris for inline skaters . The event is free for everyone and is organized by the Rollers et Coquillages association.
The area northeast of the square has a lively nightlife with many cafes, bars, nightclubs and concert halls. To the east, the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine forms the main axis of the former suburb of Saint-Antoine.
literature
- Julia Droste-Hennings, Thorsten Droste: Paris. A city and its myth. DuMont-Reiseverlag, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-7701-6090-8 , p. 338.
- Jacques Hillairet: Dictionnaire Historique des Rues de Paris. 7. édition. Les Editions de Minuit, Paris 1979, ISBN 2-7073-0092-6 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Félix et Louis Lazare, Dictionnaire administratif et historique des rues de Paris et de ses monuments (French).
- ^ "La Bastille et son enceinte", from www.carnavalet.paris.fr (French)
- ↑ a b c d Héloïse Bocher: Demolir la Bastille. L'édification d'un lieu de mémoire. , Vendémiaire, 2012 ISBN 2-36358-030-3 .
- ↑ The Carneval de Paris with the Promenade du Bœuf Gras au Carnaval de Paris is revived from 1990. Its roots lie in the 11th to 15th centuries.
- ^ "Colonne de Juillet" , luminous-lint.com .
- ^ "Affluence record à la Gay Pride " , Le Parisien , June 28, 2009.
Coordinates: 48 ° 51 ′ 12 ″ N , 2 ° 22 ′ 9 ″ E