Podemos

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Podemos
We can
logo
Pablo Iglesias Turrión, spokesman for the Podemos
Party leader Pablo Iglesias Turrión
founding March 11, 2014
Place of foundation Madrid
Headquarters C / Zurita, 21
E-28012 Madrid
Alignment Political Left Left
Populism
Democratic Socialism
Social Democracy
Republicanism
Parliament seats
35/350
Number of members 489.259
International connections MLP
MEPs
2/59
EP Group GUE / NGL
Website www.podemos.info

Podemos (German “We can”) is a Spanish left-wing populist party founded in spring 2014 that emerged from the 15-M movement ( protests in Spain 2011/2012 ). The party leader is Pablo Iglesias Turrión .

The party first ran for the 2014 European elections when it had only existed for four months. With 8.0% of the vote, it reached fourth place among the Spanish parties. In the parliamentary elections in December 2015 Podemos achieved 20.7%, making it the third largest group in parliament; after the failure of all coalition efforts, the party was again the third-largest group in the parliamentary elections of June 2016 (in the electoral alliance with the communist Izquierda Unida under the name of Unidos Podemos ) with 21.1%. In the parliamentary elections in April 2019 , the party (or its electoral alliance called Unidas Podemos) was only the fourth-largest group with 14.3%. After the failure to form a government, there were new elections in November 2019 ; Podemos was again the fourth strongest force with 12.9%, but was able to agree on a government coalition with the PSOE, and will therefore provide ministers in the government of Pedro Sánchez from January 2020 .

history

Emergence

The origin of Podemos can be found in the Manifest Mover ficha: convertir la indignación en cambio político (“Move the game piece: Turning outrage into political change”), which was presented on the weekend of January 12th to 13th, 2014 and published by the digital newspaper Público was spread. The manifesto had been signed by nearly 30 intellectuals, cultural figures, journalists and socio-political activists, among them Juan Carlos Monedero , professor of political science at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); the actor Alberto San Juan ; Jaime Pastor, lecturer in political science at UNED ; the writer and philosopher Santiago Alba Rico ; the trade unionist of the Corriente Sindical de Izquierda , Cándido González Carnero, and Bibiana Medialdea, lecturer in applied economics at the UCM. This manifesto indicated the need to put forward a candidacy that could participate in May of that year with the aim of opposing left-wing positions in EU policy on the Spanish economic crisis.

Although he was not among the signatories of the manifesto, it was announced on January 14th that Pablo Iglesias, then a lecturer in political science at UCM, political analyst and television commentator, would be at the forefront of the movement. The newly formed movement was articulated by the Izquierda Anticapitalista (“Anti-Capitalist Left”) party , which drafted the Mover ficha manifesto in its internal documentation, designed the phases for the launch of the new movement and considered it a decisive factor for the success of the “die Presence of a number of personalities with media coverage as the public face of the project ”.

Among the programmatic points highlighted by Pablo Iglesias were the repeal of Paragraph 135 of the Spanish Constitution , which was reformed in September 2011 at the initiative of then Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and with the support of the PSOE and the PP ; full application of paragraph 128 of the same constitution ( Toda la riqueza del país en sus distintas formas y sea cual fuere su titularidad está subordinada al interés general “The entire wealth of the country in its various forms and whatever its legal form is subject to the general Interest ”), since this, in Iglesias' opinion, will not be complied with; Maintaining the public nature of education and health; Increase in wages and re-industrialization; Creation of a stock of public housing and retrospective application of the dación en pago ( repayment of total debts through assignment of housing); and opposition to a restrictive reform of the Abortion Act . The movement also called for the abolition of immigration laws, Spain's exit from NATO, and argued for Catalonia's right to decide on its own independence.

Juan Carlos Monedero, one of the initiators of Podemos

The Podemos movement was officially presented for the first time on January 17, 2014. There was a press round attended by hundreds of people, with contributions from, among others, Pablo Iglesias, Juan Carlos Monedero, USTEA (Education Union), activist of the Marea Verde public education movement and member of the Izquierda Anticapitalista Teresa Rodríguez; the psychiatrist Ana Castaño, member of the Marea Blanca ; by researcher and analyst Íñigo Errejón and social activist Miguel Urbán, member and top candidate of the Izquierda Anticapitalista list in the 2011 Spanish parliamentary elections for Madrid. The basic aim was to counter the cuts in the social budget made as a result of the economic crisis the country was going through.

In order to drive the project forward and to run for the European elections in May 2014 , the initiators had imposed three conditions on themselves: that they receive the support of at least 50,000 people on the organization's website; that both the candidatures and the political program of the project are prepared through open participation and that unity with other left parties and movements such as the Izquierda Unida , the CUP , the Partido X , the Sindicato Andaluz de Trabajadores ( SAT), the Anova or with the citizens' initiatives of the mareas . The initiators of the project stated that the signatures were collected in less than 24 hours.

European elections 2014

Establishment of the candidacy

Podemos activists in Oviedo during the pre-election campaign for the 2014 European elections

From the beginning, from the time of the presentation, Podemos showed the willingness to put forward a unified candidacy together with other left parties and with opponents of social dismantling. On February 4th, Red Ciudadana Partido X announced its intention to provide technological support to Podemos so that it could develop its citizen participation methodology in the preparation of the election manifesto. However, Partido X also added that although both proposals represented a “break with the current party model”, the collaboration did not result in the creation of a common list.

On February 24, 2014, Podemos and Izquierda Unida met with the aim of exploring the possibility of a unified candidacy. At the meeting, it was possible to identify similarities between the two organizations, but also discrepancies in views on the methods for drawing up candidacies. While Podemos advocated open primaries , Izquierda Unida advocated that the parties participating in the candidacy should determine the top candidate.

None of the different possibilities finally emerged. With Izquierda Unida, the disagreements over the way to run a candidacy were insurmountable and although IU maintained the possibility of an agreement, Podemos eventually rejected this option. Although Sí se puede por Tenerife appreciated the emergence of Podemos, she decided not to run for the European elections and not to support any of the candidacies with a call for votes. For her part, Anova preferred to make a pact with Izquierda Unida, her partner in the Alternativa Galega de Esquerda , while Partido X stood alone and Equo and Demos + joined the Compromís in the Primavera Europea alliance .

Pablo Iglesias Turrión in the event on May 23rd in Madrid to mark the end of Podemos' election campaign for the 2014 European elections

After the failure of the negotiations, Podemos announced its intention to stand alone and conduct an open pre-election process, in which non-members are also allowed to participate, both in attendance and via the Internet. Prior to that, on March 11, Podemos was formally registered as a political party in the Register of Political Parties at the Spanish Ministry of the Interior, although the organization said it was doing it because of the "legal imperative" to run in the European elections - a party needs a tenth that Signatories as an informal group of voters - and because «we are not a party».

The pre-election process took place on five days (late March to early April) and, according to the organizers, around 33,000 people took part. The candidates had to be presented by one of the Podemos circles ( Círculos Podemos ) in order to be allowed to run. To compete as a candidate for the list in the pre-election process, one needed the support of a district. Each district could propose up to three candidates. Pablo Iglesias was elected as the top candidate with more than 60% of the vote. Second place was taken by Teresa Rodríguez , union and member of the Izquierda Anticapitalista , and third was former Prosecutor of the Anti-Corruption Prosecutor Carlos Jiménez Villarejo - he said, however, that he was only running “to promote the party” and that he, even if elected, “would definitely not go to the European Parliament”. Lola Sánchez, unemployed, and Pablo Echenique, CSIC researcher, were also elected. Despite not having any international affiliation or membership, Podemos declared his intention to vote for Alexis Tsipras , the candidate of the European Left , as President of the European Commission .

Election campaign

According to the requirements laid down in the electoral legislation, parties without representation in parliament had to show 15,000 supporters in order to run for the European elections. A week before the deadline, Podemos announced that it already had the necessary signatories. The only parties that explicitly supported the Podemos candidacy were Izquierda Anticapitalista and Compromisu por Asturies ; although the Partido del Trabajo Democrático party also made a call to vote for both Izquierda Unida and Podemos.

Carlos Jiménez Villarejo at the closing event

Opinion polls published during the campaign showed Podemos on the verge of gaining representation in parliament, while some predicted seats in parliament, others excluded that possibility. In the survey by the social research institute Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS), the candidacy reached an estimated 1.8% and a seat in parliament. It was one of the only eight formations that the CIS said would be represented, and the only one formed for the purpose of these elections.

The biggest controversies in relation to the candidacy were those about Jorge Verstrynge's participation and the Podemos logo. Verstrynge, former general secretary of the Alianza Popular , who later developed into leftist positions, was invited by his colleague Pablo Iglesias - both lecturers at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid - to attend an event of the new party. One sector of the organization criticized its participation because its position on immigration had no place in the movement. In view of the polemics triggered, Verstrynge did not take part in any event. On the other hand, Podemos used the face of Pablo Iglesias as the logo for the ballot papers, which aroused criticism in social networks. Podemos justified this measure by stating that, according to its own studies and polls published by the media, Pablo Iglesias was much better known among the citizens than his own party, and that his image was only used as a logo for this election and not for the party itself .

Both Iglesias and other Podemos members consistently refer to supporters and members of the established parties as a "caste". Equally characteristic of the party is the reverence for people who sided with the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War and the singing of the old battle songs popular with Republicans at its events.

Results

Results of Podemos in the Autonomous Communities of Spain in the 2014 European elections

Having become the fourth political force, with a 7.97% vote and five seats in parliament, Podemos has been described by several media as “the surprise” of the elections.

Podemos received a significant number of votes across Spain. The party achieved the best results of over 10% in Asturias , Madrid , the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands . She finished third with the third best vote in five Autonomous Communities , including Madrid.

The worst results were in Castile-La Mancha and Extremadura , where PSOE and IU performed better than the rest of the country. The new party also performed poorly in Catalonia and the Basque Country , where the party system differs from that of the rest of the country, and in general in those Autonomous Communities where there is a wider range of political parties. Yet she received over 5% of the vote in Barcelona and 6% in the Basque Country. In the traditionally more right-wing communities of Valencia and Galicia , it received more votes than the right-wing parties there, the Compromís or the Bloque Nacionalista Galego .

Election year Political party European Parliament
Number of votes % Parliament seats +/-
2014 Podemos 000000001245948.00000000001,245,948 7.97 (4th place)
5/54
 New

In total, the party won five seats in the EU Parliament and sent the following members to parliament:

  • 1. Pablo Iglesias (35): Political and legal scholar, lecturer at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid until July 2014 - the best-known face of the political initiative, moderator of the Internet program “La Tuerka” (“The Mother of the Screw”)
  • 2. Teresa Rodríguez (32): teacher and social activist.
  • 3. Carlos Jiménez Villarejo (78): former Chairman of the Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office. As he said before the election, he resigned from his parliamentary seat shortly afterwards. The successor should be the vocational school teacher Tania González (31).
  • 4. Lola Sánchez (36): political scientist, worked in Ireland, Scotland and the USA in various professions (dishwasher, waitress and Spanish teacher).
  • 5. Pablo Echenique-Robba (35): natural scientist ( CSIC member)

As for the “typology” of Podemos voters, José Fernández-Albertos, a senior research fellow at the Institute for Politics and Public Goods (Instituto de Políticas y Bienes Públicos) of the CSIC , based on the CIS pre-election polls and preliminary results mainly from Madrid , pointing to the following tendencies: that Podemos managed to activate voters who would have abstained under other circumstances ; that there was a substitution effect with regard to the PSOE , according to which Podemos received more votes where the results of the socialists fell the most; that these were “young votes”, with more than a quarter of Podemos voters under 30 years of age, and finally that there was a significant positive correlation between unemployment figures and Podemos votes, hence: the more unemployment exists in an area, the higher the percentage of votes received by Podemos.

According to a poll carried out by polling firm Metroscopia on behalf of El País newspaper, Podemos' voter profile is “astounding” as it refutes the belief that a majority of voters are young people and anti-systemic activists. According to the survey, however, 66% of Podemos voters are older than 35 years, the majority are men (56% male votes), with a level of education equal to or higher than Abitur (the Spanish equivalent is "bachillerato") - none of the respondents gave an education level below second degree employed and mostly employed (50%, compared to 22% unemployed, 15% students and 9% retirees). A third of Podemos voters had previously voted for the PSOE in the 2009 European elections and 30% supported it in the 2011 Spanish parliamentary elections . Ideologically, the Podemos voters positioned themselves slightly more towards the center than the position they themselves ascribed to the IU, and 25% intended to vote for this coalition in the next Spanish parliamentary elections. 60% had doubted until the last moment which party to vote for.

As they announced during the election campaign, the five MEPs joined the Confederal Group of the European United Left / Nordic Green Left .

Reactions

The success of Podemos in the European elections gave rise to diverse analyzes and reactions. The news made the front pages of some of the major Spanish newspapers. As expected, politicians and commentators were divided on this. Congratulations came from IU and the invitation to form a large left bloc. Other parties expressed concern about the Podemos' boom. For example, Rosa Díez of the UPyD claimed that there were programmatic correspondences between Podemos and the Greek left-wing coalition Syriza , with the Italian five-star movement of Beppe Grillo and even with the right-wing extremist French Front National of Marine Le Pen , while the spokeswoman for the People's Party María Dolores de Cospedal García saw a radicalization of the left electorate in the results. The politician of Partido Popular , Esperanza Aguirre , Pablo Iglesias, accused "the Castroism , the Chavismo and ETA " to support.

Already at the end of 2013 Iglesias' contacts with the left-wing government of Venezuela and their donations were reported. The Centro de Estudios Políticos y Sociales Foundation , in which Iglesias is a participant, advised the Venezuelan government. Iglesias has been invited several times in the past as a paid guest in Venezuela and appeared there as a sympathizer of Hugo Chavez on state television.

Rise in popularity

Development of the polls in Spain since the parliamentary elections 2011. The blue graph shows the PP, the red the PSOE and the purple the Podemos .

After Podemos emerged as the fourth strongest political force in the European elections, it received more media coverage. The hashtag Pablo Iglesias was the number 1 trending topic on Twitter the day after the elections and Pablo Iglesias Turrión appeared on the front page of major Spanish newspapers. Before the elections, Podemos was already the most popular party on social networks. Between May and July 2014, the number of Facebook fans rose from 100,000 to 600,000. Two months after the election, Podemos emerged as the second largest party in the quarterly poll “CIS” carried out in July, ahead of the PSOE but 0.9% behind the PP.

At the end of July, Podemos began accepting party members. Within the first 48 hours, 32,000 people registered free of charge on the Podemos website. After 20 days Podemos already had around 100,000 members and, in terms of membership, became the third largest Spanish party, larger than IU, UPyD, CiU and PNV. In August 2014 Podemos had 442,000 more followers on Facebook (“Likes”) than all other parties combined (708,763), as well as more than 2.6 million hits on its YouTube channel. The interview with Pablo Iglesias in Viajando con Chester in September 2014 had almost 3 million viewers. With a 14.5% audience share, it was the most watched program at the time. Shortly thereafter, the program La Sexta Noche (in which Pablo Iglesias was also interviewed) achieved a new all-time high with a market share of 16.2%. Iglesias' appearance gave the show the highest audience rating ever recorded of 23.8% and 5 million viewers. At the end of October, Podemos already had more than 200,000 members. On November 2, 2014, El País published an opinion poll that found Podemos to be the most popular party in Spain with 27.7%, compared to 26.2% for the socialist PSOE and 20.7% for the conservative Partido Popular. According to the same poll, 22.2% of Spaniards had the specific intention of voting in Podemo's next election, compared to 13.1% for PSOE and 10.4% for PP.

Regional and local elections 2015

In the early regional elections in Andalusia on March 22nd, in which Podemos ran for the first time for the parliament of an autonomous community with Teresa Rodríguez as the leading candidate , she won almost 15% of the votes and 15 seats straight away.

The following important information is missing from this article or section:
Parliamentary elections 2015, coalition negotiations, power struggle within the party, pact with Izquierda Unida, Unidos Podemos , parliamentary elections 2016, loss of popularity, power struggle for party leadership
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General elections in 2015, 2016 and 2019

In the parliamentary elections on December 20, 2015 , Podemos received 65 of 350 seats in the House of Representatives and 23 of 265 seats in the Senate , but failed to achieve the goal it had set for itself to outperform the socialist PSOE and become the second largest group in parliament. After the election, the formation of a government failed; there were early elections in June 2016 . Before that, an electoral alliance called Unidos Podemos was formed ; it received 71 out of 350 seats in the House of Representatives.

During the government of Mariano Rajoy , Podemos was in opposition. When the PSOE formed a new minority government under Pedro Sánchez after a motion of no confidence in October 2017 , it was supported by Podemos (and other small parties, in particular the Catalan separatist parties ERC and JxCat); Podemos also voted with the ruling PSOE in the 2018 budget debate, but the government did not get a majority in parliament as the ERC and JxCat voted against. The government then called parliamentary elections for April 28, 2019. In these, the Podemos (or its electoral alliance called Unidas Podemos) was again the fourth-largest parliamentary group with 14.3% and 42 seats, but had to accept a loss of votes.

Conflict over Catalonia

In principle, Podemos supports the Catalan demand to allow a referendum on the state sovereignty of Catalonia, although the Spanish Constitution excludes this. The Podemos leadership declared that such a referendum was "a fundamental democratic right"; nevertheless, the party rejected the referendum of October 1, 2017 and a possible declaration of independence for Catalonia ; only a legal, jointly decided and regular referendum can guarantee the unity of Spain.

Press reviews

The party has been classified as part of the political left by the news and press agencies Reuters and Associated Press, and as a “radical left” formation in the Financial Times and the Spanish newspaper ABC (the latter in connection with Jiménez Villarejo's candidacy in the Podemos primaries). The Wall Street Journal described it as a “left” party with a far-left political base similar to that of SYRIZA , while The Economist claimed, “[as a result of the anger of Spaniards with their politicians over high unemployment and austerity] Spain has created its own equivalent [Podemos] of the Greek radical left party Syriza ”.

The analysis published by The New York Times defines Podemos as an "anti- establishment party, opponent of austerity, deeply anchored in youth circles and internet-based". The author quotes Thomas Bernd Stehling, director of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation for the region of Spain and Portugal, and claims that the real surprise was not the success of Podemos, but that it took so long for an alternative party to disappoint and Take advantage of the people's frustration at the failure of the two great traditional parties to provide answers to the problems of a lost generation. Vicente Palacio of the Fundación Alternativas , a progressive think tank , pointed out that Podemos could have “very beneficial effects in terms of regenerating the Spanish political system” although it risks “ slipping into populism and demagogy , such as is the case happened to Beppe Grillo and his MoVimento 5 position in Italy ”. Both The Economist and The New York Times link the success of Podemos to the indignados (the "indignant") and the Movimiento 15-M movement . For the BBC it is both a "left anti-austerity party" and a populist party.

The digital newspaper Público mentioned before the European elections that the party was “a new front” in the left-wing landscape. In El País , the writer and essayist Jordi Gracia García contrasted “maximalist demands (the fulfillment of which seems very utopian)” with the “broadly supported demands of civil society [such as] the restoration of the ethical and social decency of the state through a package of legal and constitutional reforms which suppresses the excesses and omissions on the part of the parties and institutions and forces a change in the conventional functioning of political power ”. The success of Podemos lies in the "loss of credibility of the political left"; Podemos is successful with "members of the middle classes who have never set fire to a container, who are too old to jump over fences, who do not wear hoodies, but who feel more and more powerless and full of good reasons".

organization

As long as no constituent assembly had taken place, Podemos organized itself through the so-called Círculos Podemos (Podemos circles), working groups that can be geographical as well as sectoral.

Pablo Iglesias announced on June 5, 2014 that the party's constituent assembly would take place in the autumn and very likely in Madrid. He also announced that a group of 25 people would be responsible for preparing the meeting and that the candidatures for it would be closed, but that as many full teams as would like to stand. Both members and unregistered supporters should be able to vote, in a manner similar to how the candidacy for the European elections was determined. The voting on the organization team took place telematically on June 12th and 13th, 2014. Two lists were running, one with Pablo Iglesias at the head and another list proposed by the Nursing Circle. However, the procedure and deadlines had been discussed within the organization.

At a meeting of the Podemos circles in Madrid on June 8, 2014, the participants criticized the closed nature of the candidacies and the deadline that was set at short notice, which is said to have prevented alternative lists from being drawn up. The elections, in which, according to their organizers, around 55,000 people took part, resulted in the list with Pablo Iglesias as the top candidate with 86.8% of the votes as the winner.

Carlos Monedero withdrew from the party in May 2015 due to a disagreement over political orientation.

financing

Podemos used so-called crowdfunding (crowd financing ) to finance the election campaign for the 2014 European elections . The party said that the cost of the election campaign was around 150,000 euros and that it had not taken out any bank loans. That is why she will now only receive 10% of the sum to which she is entitled according to the rules of election funding (an amount of 1.5 million euros), because the subsidy only applies to the actual election campaign costs.

See also

Web links

Commons : Podemos  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ As of February 19, 2018; Party website: (accessed February 19, 2018) (Spanish)
  2. ↑ https://politica.elpais.com/politica/2014/11/30/actualidad/1417373210_752548.html
  3. ↑ http://www.eldiario.es/zonacritica/alternativa-socialdemocrata-Podemos_6_322377770.html
  4. ↑ https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20181014/iglesias-patriotismo-republica-7088042
  5. ↑ Frank Decker : From the protest phenomenon to the permanent political phenomenon. Right and left populism in Western Europe. In: Uwe Backes , Alexander Gallus , Eckhard Jesse (eds.): Yearbook Extremism & Democracy , Volume 27 (2015), Nomos, Baden-Baden 2015, ISBN 978-3-8487-2522-9 , pp. 57-72 , here: p. 59; Karsten Grabow, Torsten Oppelland : "I want to destroy the EU". EU opponents in the 8th European Parliament. An annual balance sheet . Edited by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation , Sankt Augustin u. a. 2015, ISBN 978-3-95721-120-0 , p. 14; Cas Mudde : The problem with populism . theguardian.com, February 17, 2015; Michelle Cini , Nieves Perez-Solorzano Borragan: European Union Politics . 5th edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, ISBN 978-0-19-870893-3 , p. 414.
  6. ↑ a b Podemos formaliza su inscripción como partido político. In: eldiario.es. Europa Press, March 13, 2014, accessed June 20, 2014 (Spanish).
  7. ↑ Jaime G. Mora: El fenómeno izquierdista de Podemos, de la «a» a la «z» (The left phenomenon Podemos, from a to z) . In: ABC . June 1, 2014 ( online ).
  8. ↑ Pablo Iglesias: "Si Felipe de Borbón quiere presentarse a unas elecciones, que lo haga". In: Público. May 31, 2014, accessed June 20, 2014 .
  9. ↑ Leo Wieland: Heavy losses for conservatives - Podemos strong. In: faz.net. December 20, 2015, accessed December 21, 2015 .
  10. ↑ Resultado Elecciones generales 2019. April 28, 2019, accessed on May 6, 2019 .
  11. ↑ a b c d José Luis Sánchez & Andrés Gil: Pablo Iglesias prepara su candidatura a las europeas: "Me han pedido que dé el paso". German: Iglesias is preparing his candidacy for the European elections: "I was asked to take the step". In: eldiario.es. January 14, 2014, accessed June 21, 2014 .
  12. ↑ editorial Público.es: Intelectuales y activistas llaman a "recuperar la soberanía popular" con una candidatura para las europeas. German: Intellectuals and activists are calling for a European election candidate to "regain popular sovereignty". In: publico.es . January 14, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  13. ↑ Andrés Gil: Un subscribe interno de Izquierda anti Capitalista preparo el terreno a Podemos. German: An internal communication from the “anti-capitalist left” prepared the ground for Podemos. In: eldiario.es. January 21, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  14. ↑ Pablo Iglesias anuncia su intención de presentarse a las elecciones europeas. German: Pablo Iglesias announces his intention to run in the European elections. cuatro.es, January 14, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  15. ↑ a b Cristina Alcalá: Las diez claves de la candidatura de Pablo Iglesias. In: Estrella Digital. February 17, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  16. ↑ Fernando Muriel: Teresa Rodríguez: “Siempre animo a la gente de IU a luchar a este lado de la barricada” . German: I always encourage the IU people to fight on this side of the barricade. In: La Marea . January 28, 2014 ( online [accessed May 24, 2014]).
  17. ^ A b Luis Giménez San Miguel: Pablo Iglesias presenta Podemos como "un método participativo abierto a toda la ciudadanía". German: Pablo Iglesias introduces Podemos as “a participatory method open to all citizens”. In: publico.es. January 17, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  18. ↑ Pablo Iglesias consigue en un día los que 50,000 apoyos pedia para seguir adelante con Podemos . In: El Periódico de Catalunya . Ediciones Primera Plana SA, January 19, 2014 ( online [accessed May 24, 2014]).
  19. ↑ Luis Giménez & Jairo Vargas: El Partido X cede su método de participación ciudadana a la iniciativa Podemos. German: The Partido X offers Podemos its method of citizen participation. In: publico.es . February 4, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  20. ↑ Íñígo Adúriz: IU y Podemos acuerdan la puesta en marcha de una estrategia común y abren un diálogo sobre candidaturas. German: IU and Podemos agree to start a joint strategy and open a dialogue on the candidacies. In: publico.es . February 24, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  21. ^ Marisol Hernández: Podemos abre la puerta a ir con IU en las elecciones europeas . In: El Mundo . February 24, 2014 ( online [accessed May 24, 2014]).
  22. ↑ Europa Press : IU, con la puerta abierta a otros movimientos como Equo o Podemos. German: IU with an open door to other movements such as Equo or Podemos. March 2, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  23. ↑ Irene Casado Sánchez: Podemos convoca primarias tras fracasar la negociación con IU. German: Podemos convened the area code after the negotiations with IU failed. In: Infolibre. March 2, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  24. ↑ Alternative a Sí se puede por Tenerife: Declaración política de Sí se puede ante las elecciones europeas. (No longer available online.) March 26, 2014, archived from the original on May 25, 2014 ; Retrieved on May 24, 2014 : “También valoramos, de forma especial, el trabajo que inicia una plataforma emergente como Podemos para seguir contribuyendo al empoderamiento de la ciudadanía (We also value, in a special way, the work that is new in Platform such as Podemos makes its appearance, in order to further contribute to the empowerment of the citizens) “ Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.alternativasisepuede.org
  25. ^ Daniel Domínguez: Anova decide aliarse con IU para las europeas y evidencia su fractura interna . German: Anova decides to form an alliance with IU for the European elections and shows her internal division. In: La Opinión A Coruña . February 24, 2014 ( online [accessed May 24, 2014]).
  26. ^ Editing / Europa Press : Podemos formaliza su inscripción como partido político. German: Podemos formalizes its registration as a political party. In: publico.es . March 13, 2014, accessed May 26, 2014 .
  27. ↑ Pedro Antonio Navarro: 'Podemos' y mil mas . German: Podemos and a thousand more. In: El Siglo de Europa . No. 1056 , March 24, 2014, p. 22–25 ( online [PDF; accessed May 26, 2014]).
  28. ↑ C. Castro: Pablo Iglesias, candidato de 'Podemos' a las europeas: "Echo en falta cierto patriotismo en la política española" . Pablo Iglesias, Podemos candidate for the European elections: "I miss a certain patriotism in Spanish politics". In: La Razón . May 8, 2014 ( online [accessed May 24, 2014]).
  29. ↑ Podemos abre "primarias ciudadanas" para las europeas hasta el 2 de April. April 3, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  30. ^ Aitor Riveiro: Pablo Iglesias se impone en las primarias de Podemos para las europeas. German: Pablo Iglesias prevails in the Podemos primaries for the European elections. In: eldiario.es. April 3, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  31. ↑ Editor: ¡Podemos, claro que podemos! We can do it, of course we can! In: Diario Crítico . May 21, 2014 ( online [accessed May 25, 2014]).
  32. ^ Marién Kadner: Pablo Iglesias: “Lo que tenemos claro es que este euro no sirve” . German: Pablo Iglesias: “It is clear to us that this euro is no good”. In: El País . May 23, 2014 ( Online [accessed on May 24, 2014] Quote: “Vamos a apoyar a Alexis Tsipras en el Parlamento Europeo como candidato a presidir la Comisión Europea.” (We will support Alexis Tsipras' candidacy for President of the European Commission. )).
  33. ↑ Joaquín Vera: Podemos y el Partido X logran reunir las 15,000 companies para presentarse el 25-M . Podemos and Partido X achieve the goal of collecting the 15,000 signatures to run on May 25th. In: El Mundo . April 14, 2014 ( online [accessed May 24, 2014]).
  34. ↑ Izquierda Anticapitalista : Declaración de Izquierda Anticapitalista: coyuntura y elecciones europeas. German: Declaration of the Izquierda Anticapitalista : Economy and European elections. May 5, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  35. ↑ Compromisu por Asturies: Compromisu llama a votar este 25 mayo a la candidatura de Podemos. German: Compromisu calls for votes for the Podemos candidacy on May 25th. (No longer available online.) May 22, 2014, archived from the original on May 29, 2014 ; Retrieved May 29, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / compromisu.com
  36. ↑ Partido del Trabajo Democrático: En las elecciones europeas continúa la lucha contra los recortes. German: In the European elections, the fight against social cuts continues. (No longer available online.) May 18, 2014, archived from the original on May 29, 2014 ; Retrieved May 29, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / trabajodemocratico.es
  37. ↑ Fernando Garea: El CIS apunta a un empate técnico . CIS indicates technical stalemate. In: El País . May 8, 2014 ( online ).
  38. ^ Europa Press: Pablo Iglesias dice que Podemos no se conforma con un escaño. German: Pablo Iglesias says Podemos is not satisfied with one seat. May 8, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  39. ↑ Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas: Encuesta preelectoral elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2014 . German: Survey before the 2014 European Parliament elections. May 8, 2014 ( online ).
  40. ^ Kadner: Pablo Iglesias: “Lo que tenemos claro es que este euro no sirve” . German: Pablo Iglesias: “It is clear to us that this euro is no good”. In: El País . Marién, May 23, 2014 ( online [accessed on May 24, 2014] Quote: “Podemos, inscrito en el registro de partidos en marzo, fue la sorpresa del último sondeo del CIS en el que apareció como el único partido de reciente creación que obtendría un escaño en el Parlamento Europeo en los comicios del 25 de mayo. ”(Podemos, only registered as a party in March, was the surprise of the last CIS poll, in which it turned out to be the only recently formed party that will gain a seat in the European Parliament.)).
  41. ↑ Editing: La incorporación de Verstrynge provoca críticas dentro de Podemos. The inclusion of Verstrynge met with criticism within Podemos. In: publico.es . March 21, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  42. ↑ Isra Álvarez: Críticas a Podemos por la elección del rostro de Pablo Iglesias para el logo. Criticism of Podemos for choosing Pablo Iglesias' face for the logo. In: 20minutos.es . April 24, 2014, accessed May 24, 2014 .
  43. ↑ CristinaAlcalá: Podemos estampa la cara de Pablo Iglesias en sus papeletas del 25M . Podemos puts Pablo Iglesias' face on the May 25 ballot papers. In: Estrella Digital . April 24, 2014 ( online [accessed May 24, 2014]).
  44. ↑ Luis Gómez: Un político de izquierdas para la televisión de masas . German: A left politician for mass television. In: El País . May 26, 2014 ( online [accessed June 1, 2014] Quote: “… llama casta a los políticos de los grandes partidos, denomina 'régimen del 78' a la transición, recuerda a los abuelos que defendieron la República hace 80 años ( …) En sus mítines suenan el No pasarán y viejas canciones de la Guerra Civil ”).
  45. ↑ JJ Gálvez & M. Kadner: Podemos se convierte en la sorpresa y logra cinco escaños en Estrasburgo. German: surprise success for Podemos: five seats in Strasbourg. In: El País. May 26, 2014, accessed on June 1, 2014 : “A los mayoritarios PP y PSOE - calificados como“ la casta ”continuamente por los integrantes de Podemos–“
  46. ↑ European elections in Spain: Podemos "The indignant of Madrid" win the European elections , accessed on June 4, 2014
  47. ↑ Editor: Elecciones europeas 2014: resultados. German: European elections 2014: results. In: eldiario.es. May 25, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014 .
  48. ^ Iñaki Pardo Torregrosa: Podemos, la sorpresa de las elecciones europeas . Podemos, the surprise in the European elections. In: La Vanguardia . May 26, 2014 ( online ).
  49. ↑ Editor: Podemos da la sorpresa: cuarta fuerza más votada con 5 escaños . German: Podemos surprised: fourth force, fourth best result with 5 parliamentary seats. In: ABC . May 26, 2014 ( online ).
  50. ↑ Jaime Gutierrez: Podemos, la sorpresa de las europeas, se convierte en la cuarta fuerza con cinco escaños. Podemos, the surprise of the European elections, becomes the fourth force with five parliamentary seats. RTVE, May 26, 2014, accessed June 23, 2014 .
  51. ↑ a b José Fernández-Albertos: El voto a Podemos en cuatro graficos. German: The votes for Podemos in four graphics. In: eldiario.es. May 28, 2014, accessed June 23, 2014 .
  52. ↑ Jiménez Villarejo renuncia a su escaño en el Parlamento europeo (German: Jiménez Villarejo resigns from his seat in the European Parliament)
  53. ↑ Francesco Manetto: La gran mayoría de los votantes de Podemos tiene más de 35 años . German: The vast majority of Podemos voters are over 35 years old. In: El País . June 1, 2014 ( online [accessed June 5, 2014]).
  54. ↑ Strengthened Left will fight for alternatives to EU leaders' dud politics. German: The strengthened left wants to fight for alternatives to the politics of the EU leadership. (No longer available online.) GUE-NGL, June 11, 2014, archived from the original on June 25, 2014 ; Retrieved June 11, 2014 (English, unknown language, French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.guengl.eu
  55. ↑ Title page El Mundo , 05/26/2014. (No longer available online.) In: covertimes.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014 ; Retrieved July 10, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / es.covertimes.com
  56. ^ Title page of El País from May 26, 2014. In: Archivo de portadas. El País , accessed July 10, 2014 .
  57. ^ Elecciones Europeas. IU invita a Podemos a formar un gran bloque de izquierdas . German: IU calls on Podemos to form a large left bloc. In: El País . May 26, 2014 ( online ).
  58. ↑ Europa Press: Rosa Díez cree que las propuestas de Podemos se parecen a las de Syriza, Beppe Grillo e incluso Le Pen. German: Rosa Díez says that the ideas of Podemos are similar to those of Syriza, Beppe Grillo or even Le Pen. 26. May 2014, accessed July 10, 2014 .
  59. ^ SE: Cospedal ve "prematuro y alejado de la realidad" enterrar el bipartidismo . German: Cospedal considers it “premature and unrealistic” to bury the two-party system. In: ABC . May 26, 2014 ( online - Regarding the Podemos boom, which attracted five MPs, she explained that the left voices were very fragmented and radicalized).
  60. ^ El tertuliano Pablo Iglesias, miembro de una fundación que recibe 320,000 euros anuales del Gobierno venezolano. Talk show host Pablo Iglesias is a member of a foundation that receives 320,000 euros a year from the Venezuelan government. periodistadigital.com, December 10, 2013, accessed July 10, 2014 .
  61. ^ Pablo Iglesias amenaza con denunciar a quienes le acusen de cobrar dinero de Venezuela. Pablo Iglesias threatens to report anyone who accuses him of getting money from Venezuela. publico.es, June 2, 2014, accessed July 10, 2014 .
  62. ↑ Trendinalia: Trending topics en Twitter en España el 26 de mayo de 2014 . Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  63. ↑ a b David Bollero: Podemos se consolida como la primera fuerza política en redes sociales . In: Público , August 16, 2014. 
  64. ↑ Marisol Hernández: Podemos supera al PSOE en intención de voto directa . In: El Mundo , August 4, 2014. 
  65. ↑ Álvaro Carvajal: Podemos suma 32,000 'afiliados' in 48 hours . In: El Mundo , July 31, 2014. 
  66. ↑ Podemos suma casi 100,000 inscritos en 20 días . In: Huffington Post , Aug. 17, 2014. 
  67. ^ Redacción: Pablo Iglesias gana la batalla de la audiencia a Artur Mas . In: La Vanguardia , September 29, 2014. 
  68. ↑ Borja Terán: Pablo Iglesias lanza a 'La Sexta Noche' a máximo histórico de audiencias . In: lainformacion.com , October 5, 2014. 
  69. ↑ Xabier Migelez: 'Salvados', con Pablo Iglesias, bate su récord histórico con un 23.8% y más de 4.9 millones . October 27, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  70. ↑ Alejandro López de Miguel: La propuesta de Iglesias para constituir Podemos gana por amplia mayoría con un 80.71% . In: Público , October 27, 2014. 
  71. ↑ Fernando Garea: Podemos supera a PSOE y PP y rompe el tablero electoral . In: El País . 
  72. ↑ Resultado Elecciones generales 2019. April 28, 2019, accessed on May 6, 2019 .
  73. ↑ El Confidentcial: Podemos pide un referéndum como "la única manera de garantizar la unidad de España" , October 9, 2017 (Spanish), accessed on October 13, 2017
  74. ↑ Spain's ruling PP wins EU vote, political fragmentation rises. German: The PP ruling in Spain wins EU votes, political fragmentation increases. Reuters , May 25, 2014, accessed May 27, 2014 .
  75. ^ Associated Press : Eclectic mix makes up new European Parliament . In: The Washington Post . May 27, 2014 (English, online ( memento of June 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive )).
  76. ^ Peter Spiegel & Hugh Carnegy: Anti-EU parties celebrate election success . German: Anti-EU parties celebrate election success. In: Financial Times . May 26, 2014 (English, online ).
  77. ↑ SE: El exfiscal Villarejo se pasa a la izquierda de extrema "Podemos" . The former prosecutor Villarejo moves to the radical left Podemos. In: ABC . March 18, 2014 ( online [accessed June 23, 2014]).
  78. ↑ David Román: Can Spain's New Party Build on its EU Poll Success? German: Will Spain's new party be able to build on its success in the EU elections? In: The Wall Street Journal . May 26, 2014 (English, online ).
  79. ↑ Editor: Exit Rubalcaba . In: The Economist . May 31, 2014 ( online [accessed June 23, 2014]).
  80. ^ Raphael Minder: Spanish Upstart Party Said It Could, and Did. Now the Hard Part Begins . German: Newly founded Spanish party said it could and actually could. Now the hard part begins. In: The New York Times . May 29, 2014 (in English, online [accessed May 30, 2014]).
  81. ↑ BBC : Europe elections: Spain's Podemos party challenges system. German: European elections: Spanish Podemos party challenges the system. May 26, 2014, accessed May 31, 2014 .
  82. ↑ Tom Burridge: Spain's 'we can' party proves it can. German: Spain's 'we can' party proved that it can. BBC , May 26, 2014, accessed May 31, 2014 .
  83. ^ Daniel Del Pino & Luis Jiménez: Las cuatro vías de la izquierda para las elecciones europeas. German: The four ways of the left to the European elections. In: Público . February 10, 2014, accessed June 23, 2014 .
  84. ↑ Jordi Gracia: El problema no es Podemos . German: The problem is not Podemos. In: El País . June 11, 2014 ( online [accessed June 12, 2014]).
  85. ↑ Círculos Podemos. In: Podemos. May 24, 2014, accessed May 25, 2014 .
  86. ↑ Luis Jiménez Sanmiguel: Podemos triunfa en las urnas, con sólo cuatro meses. Podemos, an election victory after only four months. In: Público . May 25, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014 .
  87. ↑ José Precedo: Podemos elige este mes un equipo para pilotar la asamblea fundacional de otoño . This month Podemos will elect the steering team for their founding meeting in autumn. In: El País . May 5, 2014 ( online [accessed June 12, 2014]).
  88. ↑ Europa Press: Podemos elige al equipo que organizará su asamblea de otoño entre al menos dos listas cerradas. German: Podemos chooses the team that will organize their meeting in autumn from at least two closed lists. June 11, 2014, accessed June 12, 2014 .
  89. ↑ Editing & press agencies: El círculo de enfermeras de Podemos presenta una lista alternativa . German: The nurses' group of Podemos proposes an alternative list. In: El País . June 12, 2014 ( online [accessed June 16, 2014]).
  90. ↑ José Precedo: Las bases de Podemos se enfrentan a sus fundadores para exigir democracia interna . German: The Podemos base confronts its founders to demand internal democracy. In: El País . June 9, 2014 ( online [accessed June 12, 2014]).
  91. ↑ José Precedo: Pablo Iglesias obtiene el 86% de los votos para liderar Podemos . Pablo Iglesias gets 86% of the vote to lead Podemos. In: El País . June 14, 2014 ( online [accessed June 16, 2014]).
  92. ^ Co-founder of Podemos resigns , in: Frankfurter Rundschau , May 2, 2015, p. 7.
  93. ↑ Joaquín Vera: 'Crowdfunding' para campañas electorales de bajo coste . German: Crowdfunding for low-cost election campaigns. In: El Mundo . May 16, 2014 ( online [accessed June 24, 2014]).
  94. ↑ Europa Press: Podemos podría perder el 90% de la subvención electoral . Podemos could lose 90% of the subsidy. In: Expansión . May 28, 2014 ( online [accessed June 24, 2014]).