Spanish general election April 2019
(turnout 71.76%)
On April 28, 2019, elections to the Spanish Parliament , the Cortes Generales , took place. The 350 members of the House of Representatives ( Congreso de los Diputados ) and 208 of the 265 members of the Senate ( Senado ) were elected for the XIII. Legislative period since the entry into force of the 1978 Constitution. Parliamentary elections for the Valencian Autonomous Community were held on the same day . The elections were early elections, announced by Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez after the draft budget of his PSOE minority government failed to find a majority in the House of Representatives on February 13, 2019. The election date was four weeks before May 26, 2019, when the European elections , local elections and elections to the regional parliaments of 12 of the 17 autonomous communities took place in Spain .
The elections were marked by a large increase in votes and mandates for the PSOE, a fall in the PP and the entry of the right-wing populist Vox into parliament. The dominant issue in the election campaign was the Catalonia crisis , which caused voter turnout in Catalonia to rise by 12%. A total of 75.75% of all Spaniards eligible to vote took part in the election, about 6% more than in the 2016 elections. Despite the increase in votes, the PSOE was unable to find a government majority; At the end of the deadlines set for the formation of a government in September 2019, new parliamentary elections had to be called - these were scheduled for November 10th . [outdated]
Electoral system
In the constitution, the House of Representatives is the far more important of the two chambers. Only the House of Representatives elects the Prime Minister and can withdraw confidence in him and thus in the government. The government is only responsible to the House of Representatives. In the legislative process, the Senate can veto or make amendments. Except in the case of constitutional changes, the House of Representatives can overrule a veto by the Senate or reject its amendments.
House of Representatives
According to Article 68 (2) of the Constitution and Article 162 of the Electoral Act, Congress has 350 members elected in 52 constituencies. Constituencies are the 50 provinces and the two autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla . One MP is elected in each of Ceuta and Melilla. Each of the 50 provinces receives two mandates in advance. The remaining 248 MPs are allocated to the provinces according to the ratio of their population according to the Hare-Niemeyer method .
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In 2019 the following numbers of MPs will be elected in the constituencies:
- Madrid Province : 37 MPs
- Barcelona Province : 32 MPs
- Province of Valencia / València: 15 MPs
- Alicante / Alacant provinces , Seville : 12 members each
- Málaga Province : 11 MPs
- Murcia Province : 10 MPs
- Cádiz Province : 9 MPs
- Provinces of Balearic Islands , Bizkaia , A Coruña and Las Palmas : 8 MEPs each
- Provinces of Asturias , Granada , Pontevedra , Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Zaragoza : 7 MPs each
- Provinces of Almería , Badajoz , Córdoba , Guipuzkoa , Girona , Tarragona and Toledo : 6 MPs each
- Provinces of Cantabria , Castellón / Castelló , Ciudad Real , Huelva , Jaén , Navarra and Valladolid : 5 MPs each
- Provinces of Albacete , Araba / Álava , Burgos , Cáceres , León , Lleida , Lugo , Ourense , La Rioja and Salamanca : 4 MPs each
- Provinces of Avila , Cuenca , Guadalajara , Huesca , Palencia , Segovia , Teruel and Zamora : 3 MPs each
- Soria Province : 2 MPs
- Autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla : 1 MP each
Elections are made in the provinces according to closed lists, with the seats being allocated to the lists according to the D'Hondt procedure . In the autonomous cities, the MPs are determined by a relative majority.
The allocation of seats takes place solely at the level of the constituencies (provinces), there is no balance of remaining votes at the national level. The nominal threshold clause is only 3% in all constituencies. In most constituencies, however, the actual percentage threshold is significantly higher due to the limited number of mandates to be awarded.
senate
In accordance with Article 69 of the Constitution and Article 165 of the Electoral Act, four senators are appointed to the Senate in each mainland province, three senators each on the islands of Gran Canaria, Mallorca and Tenerife, two senators each in the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla and two senators on the islands or archipelagos Ibiza-Formentera, Menorca, Fuerteventura, Gomera, Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma each elected a senator. A total of 208 senators are directly elected.
It's a choice of people. The voter can vote in the four-man constituencies for up to three, in the three- and two-man constituencies for up to two and in the one-man constituencies for one candidate, even spread over several nominations (" panaschieren "). The candidates with the highest number of votes are elected.
The other members of the Senate are determined by the parliaments of the autonomous communities, with each parliament appointing a senator for every 1,000,000 or so inhabitants of the respective community.
Starting position
After the elections on June 26, 2016 , Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy ( PP ) initially failed to be re-elected Prime Minister by the House of Representatives, as he could only rely on Ciudadanos and Coalición Canaria alongside his own party . Only an internal crisis of the PSOE, in the course of which Secretary General Pedro Sánchez resigned, led this party to change course, so that the abstention of the overwhelming majority of its parliamentary group on October 29, 2016 led to the re-election of Rajoy as prime minister. In May 2017, Sánchez was re-elected PSOE General Secretary in a primary election of all party members, thus returning to the political stage.
On May 24, 2018, the judgment in the corruption affair Caso Gürtel was issued . In the judgment it was established that the PP had maintained covert party funding for years, and that the party had to pay around 250,000 euros. The PSOE then put a motion of no confidence in Rajoy, as a result of which Sánchez was elected Prime Minister on June 1, 2018 by the House of Representatives with the votes of PSOE, Unidos Podemos , the Catalan separatist parties ERC and PDeCat and the Basque parties PNV and EH Bildu . Rajoy then withdrew from politics and Pablo Casado was elected as the new chairman of the PP .
On February 13, 2019, the PSOE minority government failed with its draft budget in the Chamber of Deputies (with ERC, PDeCat and EH Bildu voting against the draft budget of the parties that supported the vote of no confidence in June 2018). As a result, Prime Minister Sánchez announced on February 15, 2019 that parliament would be dissolved and new elections scheduled for April 28, 2019. The parliament was officially dissolved by a decree of March 4, 2019 and new elections were scheduled.
Allocation of seats in the House of Representatives (XII Legislature 2016-2019)
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Allocation of seats in the Senate (XII Legislature 2016-2019)
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Candidacies
National participation
PP
The PP's top candidate is its new chairman, Pablo Casado . Casado was elected to succeed Mariano Rajoy in 2018 , which, due to the neoconservative and sometimes reactionary positions, was rated as a shift to the right within the Partido Popular. In Asturias there is a joint candidacy with FAC , in Navarra the PP is part of the community candidacy Navarra Suma .
PSOE
As in the 2015 and 2016 elections, the PSOE's top candidate is Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez. The joint candidacy with Nuevas Canarias (NCa) in the Canary Islands , which had passed in 2015 and 2016, was not reissued. There, PSOE and NCa will each compete with their own lists in 2019.
Unidas Podemos
In 2016, Podemos , Izquierda Unida (IU) , the green Equo party and several small left parties stood for election as a joint candidate for Unidos Podemos . In three regions in which left regional parties were also involved in the electoral alliance, the candidacy had other names ( En Comú Podem in Catalonia , En Marea in Galicia and Podemos-Compromís-EUPV in the Valencia region ). For the 2019 election, the alliance of Podemos , IU, Equo and the two small parties Batzarre-Asamblea de Izquierdas and Alto Aragón en Común was re-launched for all constituencies except Catalonia and Galicia under the name Unidas Podemos (in the feminine form instead of Unidos Podemos ) . Compromís will participate in the election in the Valencia region with its own list, so that in 2019 Unidas Podemos and Compromís will compete separately. The electoral alliance En Comú Podem in Catalonia was relaunched for 2019. The electoral alliance of Podemos , IU, Equo and Mareas en Común in Galicia will be named En Común-Unidas Podemos in 2019 . Unlike in 2016, the Anova party does not belong to this alliance. Podemos Secretary General Pablo Iglesias is first on the Unidas Podemos list for the Madrid constituency and IU chairman Alberto Garzón is first in the Málaga constituency .
Ciudadanos
As in the 2015 and 2016 elections, the top candidate of the liberal Ciudadanos is its chairman Albert Rivera . In Navarra, Ciudadanos are part of the Navarra Suma community candidacy .
Vox
The right-wing populist party Vox was founded at the end of 2013 by former members of the Partido Popular and, after its success in the Andalusian regional election on December 2, 2018 , has prospects of moving into the Cortes Generales for the first time . Your top candidate is chairman Santiago Abascal .
Pablo Casado
(PP)
Pedro Sánchez
(PSOE)
Pablo Iglesias
(Unidas Podemos)
Albert Rivera
(Ciudadanos)
Santiago Abascal
(Vox)
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Regional participation
ERC
The Republican Left of Catalonia is led by Oriol Junqueras , who is in custody on charges of rebellion in connection with the 2017 Catalonia referendum on independence that he helped initiate .
Junts
The Catalan electoral alliance Junts per Catalunya has the top candidate Jordi Sànchez i Picanyol , who, like Junqueras, is in custody on the same allegations.
EJA-PNV
The Christian conservative Partido Nacionalista Vasco (Basque National Party) only competes in the Basque Country; her candidate is Aitor Esteban.
EH Bildu
Euskal Herria Bildu (Basque Country Gathered) is a party association of left-wing parties from the Basque Country ( Eusko Alkartasuna , Sortu, Aralar and Alternatiba Eraikitzen).
In previous elections in Navarra, the parties Unión del Pueblo Navarro (UPN) and PP ran together. For the 2019 election, Ciudadanos have joined this joint candidacy. It bears the name Navarra Suma . The first two places on the list are the UPN. The 3rd and 5th place are the PP and 4th place is occupied by Ciudadanos .
CC-PNC
The conservative coalition of Coalición Canaria and Partido Nacionalista Canario is applying for mandates in the Canary Islands. The top applicant is Ana Oramas.
Compromis
The Compromís alliance comprises four left regional parties from the Valencia region and is led by Joan Baldoví in the election campaign. While they ran in a joint candidacy with the Podemos in the last election in 2016, Compromís did not do so in the 2019 election.
Oriol Junqueras
(ERC)
Jordi Sànchez
(Junts)
Aitor Esteban
(EJA-PNV)
Ana Oramas
(CC-PNC)
Joan Baldoví
(Compromís)
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Survey
Predictions before the election
In the run-up to the elections, the polls showed that the Social Democrats, with just under 30%, were seen as clearly the strongest force, which means that the party of incumbent Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez could record significant votes. Associated with this are clear losses for the alliance to the left of the PSOE, Unidos Podemos , whose approval could be almost halved compared to the last election. According to the opinion polls, the clearest loser in the parliamentary election will be the conservative Partido Popular , which could fall from 33 to around 20% despite a shift to the right within the party and mainly lose to the right-wing populist party VOX , which was seen at around 12% (2016 0.2%) becomes. The liberal Ciudadanos are seen slightly above their 2016 result. The remaining votes will traditionally be divided between regional parties such as the Catalan ERC or the Basque PNV . A government coalition with two parties seems to be excluded according to the polls.
Last polls before the election
| Institute | date | PP | PSOE | UP | C's | ERC | EJA-PNV | PACMA | VOX |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KeyData | 04/22/2019 | 20.4% | 29.4% | 13.1% | 15.3% | 3.3% | 1.2% | - | 10.4% |
| Demoscopia Servicios | 04/22/2019 | 21.8% | 28.1% | 12.6% | 14.4% | 2.9% | 1.4% | - | 12.7% |
| electoPanel | 04/22/2019 | 19.5% | 27.2% | 12.8% | 15.0% | 2.7% | 1.3% | 2.2% | 12.4% |
| SocioMétrica | 04/21/2019 | 18.2% | 29.5% | 13.6% | 15.1% | 3.3% | 1.1% | 0.9% | 12.6% |
| Celeste Tel | April 20, 2019 | 23.5% | 28.9% | 13.5% | 15.1% | 2.9% | 1.2% | 1.3% | 12.5% |
| IMOP | April 20, 2019 | 19.8% | 29.8% | 14.1% | 15.1% | 3.0% | 1.2% | 1.8% | 10.0% |
| Invymark | April 19, 2019 | 20.4% | 28.1% | 13.0% | 15.2% | 3.3% | 1.3% | - | 12.7% |
| NC report | April 19, 2019 | 23.8% | 28.1% | 13.0% | 14.9% | 2.9% | 1.3% | - | 9.0% |
| GAD3 | April 19, 2019 | 20.1% | 31.5% | 12.1% | 13.9% | 3.3% | 1.2% | 1.9% | 11.4% |
| 40 db | 04/18/2019 | 17.8% | 28.8% | 13.2% | 14.1% | 3.3% | 1.0% | 2.8% | 12.5% |
| Special tax | 04/18/2019 | 18.3% | 30.9% | 13.6% | 13.8% | 2.8% | 2.1% | - | 10.5% |
| Election 2016 | 06/26/2016 | 33.0% | 22.6% | 21.2% | 13.1% | 2.6% | 1.2% | 1.2% | 0.2% |
course
Results
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House of Representatives
After only two major parties (PSOE and PP) and one small (IU) had existed nationwide until 2015, Podemos and Ciudadanos were added in the 2015 election . In 2019, the party system at the national level was expanded by a fifth party with the entry of the right-wing extremist party VOX, which was still completely insignificant in 2016.
In addition to VOX, the election winners are also the ruling Social Democrats with an increase of six percent, which became the strongest force for the first time since 2008. Ciudadanos also posted gains, with their best ever result in an all-Spanish election.
The conservative PP's share of votes and mandates was halved compared to the area code, which was the party's worst performance since it was founded. The left-wing alliance Unidas Podemos also had losses of around seven percent.
In Catalonia, the left-separatist ERC posted gains of almost seven percent and is represented in the House of Representatives with 15 MPs ( +6 ) after the election, while the bourgeois-separatist JuntsxCat lost one seat. In the Basque parties, both the bourgeois EAJ-PNV (one more mandate) and the left-wing EH Bildu (two more mandates) were able to make profits. In the Canaries, Coalición Canaria was able to increase its result from almost eight to almost 13 percent (one more mandate). The Valencian left-wing alliance Compromís , which entered the House of Representatives in 2015 with four members elected via joint lists with Podemos and IU, will in future only be represented with one mandate. The Cantabrian regional party PRC (which is the prime minister in Cantabria ), which has been in a pan-Spanish election for the first time since 2011 , received almost 15 percent in this region and is represented for the first time by a representative in the House of Representatives.
- Share of votes of the parties according to constituencies
The results in detail:
National result
| Political party | be right | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | % | +/- | number | +/- | ||
| Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) 1 | 7,513,142 | 28.67 | +6.04 | 123 | +38 | |
| Partido Popular (PP) 2 | 4,373,653 | 16.69 | −15.88 | 66 | −69 | |
| Ciudadanos (C's) 3 | 4,155,665 | 15.86 | +2.80 | 57 | +25 | |
| Unidas Podemos (UP) 4 | 3,751,145 | 14.32 | −6.83 | 42 | −29 | |
| VOX | 2,688,092 | 10.26 | +10.06 | 24 | +24 | |
| Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC) 5 | 1,024,628 | 3.91 | +1.28 | 15th | +6 | |
| JuntsxCat 6 | 500,787 | 1.91 | −0.10 | 7th | −1 | |
| Eusko Alderdi Jeltzalea (EAJ-PNV) 7 | 395.884 | 1.51 | +0.32 | 6th | +1 | |
| EH Bildu | 259,647 | 0.99 | +0.22 | 4th | +2 | |
| Coalición Canaria - ( CC-PNC ) | 137,664 | 0.53 | +0.20 | 2 | +1 | |
| Navarra Suma ( UPN / Ciudadanos / PP) 8 | 107,619 | 0.41 | −0.12 | 2 | ± 0 | |
| Compromís 9 | 173.821 | 0.66 | New | 1 | New | |
| Partido Regionalista de Cantabria (PRC) | 52,266 | 0.20 | New | 1 | New | |
| Partido Animalista (PACMA) | 328.299 | 1.25 | +0.06 | - | - | |
| Others | 539.223 | 2.06 | +0.89 | - | - | |
| blank ballot paper 10 | 199,836 | 0.76 | +0.02 | - | - | |
| total | 26.201.371 | 100.0 | - | 350 | - | |
| Valid votes | 26.201.371 | 98.95 | −0.13 | |||
| Invalid votes | 276,769 | 1.05 | +0.13 | |||
| voter turnout | 26.478.140 | 71.76 | +5.28 | |||
| Non-voters | 10,420,743 | 28.24 | −5.28 | |||
| Eligible voters | 36,898,883 | |||||
| Source: Elecciones Generales Congreso | ||||||
| Expand footnotes |
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1Result including Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC-PSOE) in Catalonia (constituencies of Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona). Compare the result with the results of PSOE, PSC-PSOE and the joint candidacy PSOE- NCa in the Canary Islands (constituencies Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife) in the 2016 election.
2Result including the joint candidacy PP- FAC in Asturias . The result of the joint candidacy UPN / PP / Ciudadanos ( Navarra Suma ) in the constituency of Navarra is shown separately. Comparison with the result of the PP in the 2016 election including the community candidacies PP- PAR in Aragon (constituencies Zaragoza, Teruel and Huesca) and PP-FAC in Asturias, without the result of the community candidacy UPN-PP in Navarre.
3Result of Ciudadanos; The result of the joint candidacy UPN / PP / Ciudadanos ( Navarra Suma ) in the constituency of Navarre is shown separately. Comparison with the result of Ciudadanos in the 2016 election, with the exception of the result in Navarre.
4thCommunity candidacy for Unidas Podemos of Podemos , Izquierda Unida (IU), the green party Equo and the small left parties Batzarre-Asamblea de Izquierdas and Alto Aragón en Común in all constituencies except those of the regions of Catalonia and Galicia; Catalonia: joint candidacy En Comú Podem (Podemos, ICV , EUiA and Barcelona en Comú ); Galicia: Community candidate for En Común-Unidas Podemos ( Podemos , IU, Equo , Mareas en Común ). Compared with Unidos Podemos ( Podemos , Izquierda Unida (IU), Equo , Més per Balears-Més per les Illes , Batzarre-Asamblea de Izquierdas , Unidad Popular en Común , Izquierda Asturiana , Construyendo La Izquierda-Alternativa Socialista , Segoviemos , Izquierda Castellana , Democracia Participativa ), En Comú Podem ( Podemos , ICV , EUiA and Barcelona en Comú ; Catalonia), Podemos- Compromís -EUPV ( Podemos , Bloc Nacionalista Valencià , Iniciativa del Poble Valenciá , Verds Equo del País Valencià , Coalició Compromís and Region Valencia) and En Marea ( Podemos , IU and Anova-Irmandade Nacionalista ; Galicia) in the 2016 election.
5In Catalonia, the ERC joint candidacy with the small Sobiranistes party ; sole candidate for ERC in the Valencia region; excluding Veus PROGRESSISTES ( PSM-Entesa , Més per Menorca , Els Verds de Mallorca-Iniciativa Verds , ERC, Guanyem Eivissa ; constituency of the Balearic Islands). Comparison with the result of the joint candidacy of the ERC- Catalunya Sí (Catalonia) in the 2016 election, without the community candidacy Sobirania per a les illes (ERC and small party Acord Independentista ; Balearic Islands).
6thFormal joint candidacy of PDeCAT with its predecessor CDC, which is in the process of being dissolved . Comparison with the result of the CDC in the 2016 election.
7thEAJ-PNV result in the Basque Autonomous Community (constituencies of Gipuzkoa, Bizkaia and Araba). In Navarre, EAJ-PNV was part of the Geroa Bai community candidacy in both the 2019 and 2016 elections (result shown separately in the table).
8thJoint candidacy of UPN, PP and Ciudadanos in Navarra. Comparison with the results of UPN-PP and Ciudadanos in the constituency of Navarre in the 2016 election.
9Community candidacy of the regional left-wing parties Bloc Nacionalista Valencià , Iniciativa del Poble Valenciá , Verds Equo del País Valencià in the Valencia region; they ran in a joint candidacy with Podemos and IU in the 2016 election.
10Empty ballot envelopes or unlabelled ballot papers (Votos en Blanco) are considered valid under Spanish voting law (Art. 96.5 LOREG) and therefore count e.g. B. also when calculating the percentage threshold. The percentages shown refer to the total number of valid votes (including votos en blanco ).
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Regional results
The result (votes and seats) in the individual autonomous communities (regions) and the two autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla:
PSOE
|
PP_Logo.svg){kind=logo}
|
C's
|
UP
|
VOX
|
ERC
|
Junts
|
EAJ-PNV |
EH Bildu
|
CC-PNC |
Navarre + |
Compr. .svg){kind=small}
|
PRC |
Total seats |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andalusia | 34.23% 24 |
17.19% 11 |
17.70% 11 |
14.25% 9 |
13.38% 6 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 61 |
| Aragon | 31.73% 5 |
18.93% 3 |
20.54% 3 |
13.56% 1 |
12.20% 1 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13 |
| Asturias | 33.13% 3 |
17.91% 1 |
16.71% 1 |
17.15% 1 |
11.49% 1 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8th |
| Balearic Islands | 26.34% 3 |
16.84% 1 |
17.43% 1 |
17.82% 2 |
11.28% 1 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7th |
| Basque Country | 19.89% 4 |
7.44% 0 |
3.14% 0 |
17.57% 4 |
2.21% 0 |
- | - | 31.05% 6 |
16.70% 4 |
- | - | - | - | 18th |
| Extremadura | 38.08% 5 |
21.40% 2 |
17.96% 2 |
9.49% 0 |
10.77% 1 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 |
| Galicia | 32.13% 10 |
27.39% 9 |
11.18% 2 |
14.49% 2 |
5.27% 0 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23 |
| Canaries | 27.85% 5 |
15.53% 3 |
14.66% 2 |
15.72% 3 |
6.55% 0 |
- | - | - | - | 12.96% 2 |
- | - | - | 15th |
| Cantabria | 25.19% 2 |
21.71% 1 |
15.14% 1 |
10.22% 0 |
11.16% 0 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.59% 1 |
5 |
| Castile-La Mancha | 32.37% 9 |
22.69% 6 |
17.47% 4 |
10.15% 0 |
15.29% 2 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21st |
| Castile and Leon | 29.78% 12 |
26.05% 10 |
18.90% 8 |
10.39% 0 |
12.30% 1 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 31 |
| Catalonia | 23.21% 12 |
4.85% 1 |
11.55% 5 |
14.89% 7 |
3.60% 1 |
24.59% 15 |
12.05% 7 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 48 |
| La Rioja | 31.70% 2 |
26.53% 1 |
17.81% 1 |
11.79% 0 |
8.98% 0 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4th |
| Madrid | 27.28% 11 |
18.64% 7 |
20.93% 8 |
16.24% 6 |
13.86% 5 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 36 |
| Murcia | 24.75% 3 |
23.44% 2 |
19.54% 2 |
10.38% 1 |
18.64% 2 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 |
| Navarre | 25.75% 2 |
- | - | 18.66% 1 |
4.83% 0 |
- | - | - | 12.77%
0 |
- | 29.32% 2 |
- | - | 5 |
| Valencia | 27.78% 10 |
18.58% 7 |
17.98% 6 |
14.23% 5 |
12.02% 3 |
0.16% 0 |
- | - | - | - | - | 6.45% 1 |
- | 33 |
| Ceuta | 28.73% 1 |
21.44% 0 |
11.96% 0 |
4.81% 0 |
23.96% 0 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Melilla | 20.72% 0 |
23.91% 1 |
12.87% 0 |
3.82% 0 |
16.85% 0 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Spain (total) | 28.68% 123 |
16.70% 66 |
15.86% 57 |
14.31% 42 |
10.26% 24 |
3.91% 15 |
1.91% 7 |
1.51% 6 |
0.99% 4 |
0.53% 2 |
0.41% 2 |
0.66% 1 |
0.20% 1 |
350 |
Factions
The following fractions were formed:
- PSOE (Grupo Parlamentario Socialista) : 123 members
- PP (Grupo Parlamentario Popular) : 66 members
- Ciudadanos (Grupo Parlamentario Ciudadanos) : 57 members
- Unidas Podemos (Grupo Parlamentario Confederal de Unidas Podemos-En Comú Podem-Galicia en Común) : 42 members
- VOX ( Grupo Parlamentario VOX ): 24 members
- ERC (Grupo Parlamentario Republicano) : 14 members
- EAJ-PNV (Grupo Parlamentario Vasco - EAJ-PNV) : 6 members
According to the House of Representatives' rules of procedure, the other members of parliament are grouped together in the Grupo Mixto ("mixed parliamentary group"). So these are MEPs who have not joined a political group or have not been accepted by any political group. This also includes MPs from parties who do not meet the minimum requirements (mandates or share of votes) for forming a parliamentary group. The Grupo Mixto currently has 18 MPs: the seven MPs from JuntsxCat, the four MPs from EH Bildu, the two MPs from Coalición Canaria , the two MPs from Navarra Suma (both UPN), the MP from Compromís and the MP from the PRC; also counts Oriol Junqueras (ERC) for the Grupo Mixto , since his mandate at present because of the detention rests and he therefore could not join the ERC Group itself.
senate
| Political party | Senators total | Direct dial | Indirectly | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | +/- | number | +/- | number | ||
| Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) | 139 | +76 | 123 | +80 | 18th | |
| Partido Popular (PP) | 75 | −76 | 54 | −76 | 19th | |
| ERC | 13 | +1 | 11 | +1 | 2 | |
| EAJ-PNV | 10 | +4 | 9 | +4 | 1 | |
| Ciudadanos (C's) | 10 | +4 | 4th | +4 | 6th | |
| Unidas Podemos (UP) | 6th | −17 | - | −16 | 6th | |
| JuntsxCat | 4th | +2 | 2 | +2 | 2 | |
| Navarra Suma ( UPN / Ciudadanos / PP) | 3 | New | 3 | New | - | |
| CC - PNC | 2 | ± 0 | 1 | ± 0 | 1 | |
| EH Bildu | 2 | +1 | 1 | +1 | 1 | |
| ASG | 1 | ± 0 | 1 | ± 0 | - | |
| VOX | 1 | ± 0 | - | - | 1 | |
| total | 266 | - | 208 | - | 58 | |
| Source: Elecciones Generales Senado | ||||||
Government formation
legal framework
According to the Spanish Constitution, only the House of Representatives is relevant for forming a government: it elects the Prime Minister (Art. 99), the government is responsible only to him (Art. 108).
After exploratory talks with the parties represented in the House of Representatives, the King makes a proposal to the House of Representatives for the office of Prime Minister. The constitution does not specify a deadline for this. This proposal will be voted on after debate, in accordance with the rules of procedure of the House of Representatives in a public roll-call vote, in which the MPs can vote with yes, no or abstention. If the candidate receives an absolute majority (i.e. at least 176 yes-votes), he is elected Prime Minister. If he misses this majority, a second ballot takes place 48 hours later, in which a relative majority is sufficient (more yes than no votes, regardless of the number of abstentions).
If the nominee is not successful in the second ballot either, further proposals will be dealt with in the same way (i.e. with two ballots if necessary). If two months have passed after the first round of voting on the first proposal without a candidate being elected Prime Minister, both chambers will be dissolved by the King and new elections will be held. A prime minister, once elected, can only be overthrown by a constructive vote of no confidence; H. by the House of Representatives electing another Prime Minister with an absolute majority (Art. 113 of the Constitution).
Starting position
The starting position for forming a government was just as difficult as after the previous elections in 2015 and 2016. Apart from a grand coalition (PP / PSOE) or a PSOE / Ciudadanos coalition, no two-party alliance could have had a majority. However, both PP and Ciudadanos ruled out a merger with the PSOE before the election. Unlike after the 2016 election, there was a majority of left-wing parties in the newly elected parliament (PSOE, Unidas Podemos, ERC, EH Bildu, Compromís, altogether 185 seats), but such an alliance would depend on the separatist parties ERC and EH Bildu. An alliance of PSOE, Unidas Podemos and the non-separatist regional parties with the exception of Navarra Suma (i.e. EAJ-PNV, Coalición Canaria, Compromís, PRC) only had 175 seats instead of the required 176 votes.
The newly elected chambers were constituted on May 21, 2019. The previous Minister Meritxell Batet (PSC-PSOE) was elected President of the House of Representatives. Manuel Cruz (PSC-PSOE) became President of the Senate. On June 5 and 6, 2019, the King held exploratory talks with representatives of the parties. He then proposed the incumbent Pedro Sánchez for the post of Prime Minister.
Failed prime ministerial elections and new elections
On July 15, 2019, Sánchez, who continued to manage the country, announced the failure of the first coalition talks between the PSOE and Unidos Podemos (UP). Negotiations had previously stalled because UP had asked for government participation, which Sánchez had initially rejected. At the same time, he pointed out that he did not trust Podemos boss Iglesias. He had claimed a ministerial post in the future government for himself. Sánchez called on PP and Ciudadanos to abstain from his candidacy in the election of a new prime minister in the second ballot and thus only allow him to form a government with a relative majority in parliament.
In the first ballot on July 23, 2019, Sánchez received only 124 votes (PSOE and the Cantabrian regional party PRC with one vote) instead of the required 176 votes - with 170 votes against (PP, Ciudadanos, VOX, ERC, JunsxCat, Navarra Suma, Coalición Canaria and one MP from Unidas Podemos) and 52 abstentions (the remaining MPs from Unidas Podemos, EAJ-PNV, EH Bildu and Compromís); the four detained Catalan separatist MPs (one from the ERC and three from JuntsxCat), whose mandate is suspended, did not take part in the vote. The necessary absolute majority was not achieved. The second ballot, in which a relative majority would have been sufficient, took place on July 25, 2019 - here too, after the last failed negotiations on a possible coalition government with Podemos, Sanchez missed the necessary majority (124 votes against 155, with 67 abstentions). The next day the king announced that he would not have any exploratory talks with the party representatives for the purpose of appointing a next candidate, but would give the parties time for further negotiations.
In the period up to the end of August 2019, in all autonomous communities in which on April 28, 2019 (Valencia) and May 26, 2019 (Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Extremadura, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile-La Mancha, Castile- León, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra) regional elections were held, the formation of the government. In any case, however, there was no collaboration between the "left" and the "right" camps. In the regions of Madrid and Murcia, for example, coalitions of PP and Ciudadanos could only form minority governments with the support of Vox, and in Navarra the election of the PSOE prime minister was only possible because some members of the separatist EH Bildu abstained from voting.
Until mid-September 2019, there was still no progress with regard to the formation of a government for the whole of Spain. The King then held a second round of exploratory talks with the representatives of the parties represented in the House of Representatives. On September 17, he announced that these had been unsuccessful. He would therefore dissolve parliament and schedule new elections for November 10th.
| candidate | date |
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 |
 |
 |
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 |
 |
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 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
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 |
Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
|
23 July 2019 required: absolute majority (176/350) |
Yes | 123 | 1 |
124/350 |
|||||||||||||
| No | 66 | 57 | 1 | 24 | 14th | 4th | 2 | 2 |
170/350 |
|||||||||
| abstention | 32 | 7th | 6th | 4th | 2 | 1 |
52/350 |
|||||||||||
| Absent | 1 | 3 |
4/350 |
|||||||||||||||
|
July 25, 2019 required: simple majority |
Yes | 123 | 1 |
124/350 |
||||||||||||||
| No | 66 | 57 | 24 | 4th | 2 | 2 |
155/350 |
|||||||||||
| abstention | 33 | 14th | 7th | 6th | 4th | 2 | 1 |
67/350 |
||||||||||
| Absent | 1 | 3 |
4/350 |
|||||||||||||||
Web links
- Website of the Spanish Ministry of the Interior on the election results
- Website of the Junta Electoral Central (Central Electoral Committee) for the elections of April 28, 2019
- Website of the Spanish Ministry of the Interior on the elections
Individual evidence
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Real Decreto 129/2019, de 4 de marzo, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones. (PDF) In: Boletín Oficial del Estado. March 5, 2019, accessed March 5, 2019 (Spanish).
- ↑ Pablo Casado vence en el congreso del PP y consuma el giro a la derecha , on elpais.com
- ↑ zeit.de April 16, 2019 / Julia Macher: The triple shift to the right
- ↑ La gran ventaja de Sánchez no bastaría para gobernar sólo con Iglesias, según los sondeos , on publico.es
- ↑ ULTIMÍSIMA ENCUESTA | La derecha repunta pero aún está a 5 escaños de gobernar a 6 días de las elecciones , on okdiario.com
- ↑ electoPanel 22/04 , on electomania.es
- ↑ El PSOE ganaría en todas las Comunidades gracias a la desunión de la derecha , on elespanol.com
- ↑ El bloque conservador suma más escaños que PSOE y Unidas Podemos sin llegar a la mayoría , on eldiario.es
- ↑ El PSOE llega a la recta final primero, pero necesitaría a Podemos y PNV para gobernar , on elconfidencial.com
- ↑ SONDEOS Invymark on lasexta.com
- ↑ NC Report , on estaticos4.larazo.es
- ↑ Sánchez suma con Podemos y ERC, pero se la juega con los indecisos , on abc.es
- ↑ La izquierda crece pero aún necesita apoyos para gobernar , on elpais.com
- ↑ El PSOE se dispara y Vox se desinfla: Sánchez podrá elegir socios de gobierno , on lavozdegalicia.es
- ↑ Reiner Wandler: Coalition negotiations failed: New elections threatened in Spain. Der Standard , July 15, 2019, accessed the same day.
- ↑ Anabel Díez / Javier Casquiro: Pedro Sánchez pierde la primera votación de su investidura. In: El País. July 23, 2019, accessed July 23, 2019 (Spanish).
- ↑ Comunicado de la Casa de SM el Rey tras la audiencia a la presidenta del Congreso de los Diputados, quien le ha trasladado oficialmente the resultado del debate de investidura. In: Website of the Spanish royal family. July 26, 2019, accessed July 31, 2019 (Spanish).
- ↑ Ralph Schulze: Fiasco in Spain: Government formation failed - now you have to vote again. Tageblatt , September 17, 2019, accessed on the same day.
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