National Council election in Austria 2019

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(75.6% turnout, 1.2% invalid votes)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
37.46
(+5.99)
21.18
(-5.68)
16.17
(-9.80)
8.10
(+2.80)
1.87
(-2.54)
13.90
(+10.10)
1.33
(-0.87)
Otherwise.
2017

2019

Distribution of seats in the National Council
     
A total of 183 seats

The 27th National Council election in Austria took place on September 29, 2019.

The regular election would have been at the end of the XXVI. Legislative period took place in autumn 2022. However, Federal Chancellor Sebastian Kurz ( ÖVP ) announced on May 18, 2019, after consulting Federal President Alexander Van der Bellen, an early election due to the " Ibiza Affair " around FPÖ Vice Chancellor Heinz-Christian Strache . The National Council then decided by a majority in June 2019 to dissolve itself.

The party with the strongest vote was again the ÖVP under ex-Federal Chancellor Sebastian Kurz with 37.5% (plus 6.0 percentage points compared to the 2017 election ). In second place, the SPÖ and Pamela Rendi-Wagner received 21.2% (minus 5.7 percentage points), the historically worst result in a National Council election. The FPÖ lost even more under Norbert Hofer , losing almost ten percentage points with 16.2%. With 13.9%, the Greens returned to parliament with the best National Council result in their history. Also NEOS managed a historic high of 8.1%, while NOW 1.9% below the four percent hurdle remained and retired from the National Council. With a total of 1.3%, the other parties did not play a significant role.

The turnout fell to 75.6%, the second lowest level in the Second Republic.

The constituent meeting of the XXVII. The legislative period took place on October 23, 2019. After the formation of the government in Austria in 2019 , the first turquoise-green coalition with the Federal Government Kurz II was formed at the federal level of Austria.

Starting position

National Council election 2017

National Council election 2017
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
31.47
26.86
25.97
5.30
4.41
3.80
2.20
Austrian parliament building
Great Redoutensaal of the Vienna Hofburg , current seat of the National Council

In the 2017 National Council election , the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) was the strongest party with 31.47% of the votes, followed by the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) with 26.86% and the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) with 25.97%. While the SPÖ was only able to roughly maintain its 2013 level, the ÖVP and FPÖ gained significantly more votes.

The NEOS slightly improved their approval and came to 5.30%. The Peter Pilz list moved into the National Council as the fifth party with 4.41%, while the Greens , from whom Pilz split off shortly before the election, narrowly missed out with 3.80%. All other participating parties played no role with a total of 2.20% of the votes.

Early end of the government under Kurz

A week after the election, the decision was made within the election winner ÖVP to enter into coalition negotiations with the FPÖ. After almost six weeks of coalition negotiations, the new federal government around Chancellor Sebastian Kurz, consisting of a coalition between the ÖVP and FPÖ , was appointed and sworn in by Federal President Alexander Van der Bellen on December 18, 2017.

On May 18, 2019, Kurz announced early elections due to the "Ibiza affair" surrounding FPÖ Vice Chancellor Strache.

On May 22, 2019, the Federal President dismissed Interior Minister Kickl on the proposal of the Federal Chancellor in accordance with Art. 70 Para. 1 B-VG and the removal of the other members of the FPÖ at their request in accordance with Art. 74 Para. 3 . At the same time as this formal act, Federal Minister Hartwig Löger (Finance, ÖVP) was appointed Vice Chancellor, experts proposed by Kurz were sworn in as Federal Minister and Federal Minister Juliane Bogner-Strauss (ÖVP), in addition to her previous department, with the agendas of civil servants and sports (previously at Vice Chancellor Strache settled). From that day on, Chancellor Kurz ruled with his cabinet as an ÖVP-led minority government.

Transitional governments

On May 27, 2019 at 4:14 p.m., the Kurz government was finally refused confidence by the majority of the National Council with the votes of the clubs of SPÖ, FPÖ and NOW . The following day, the Federal President removed the entire Kurz government from office. At the same time, the previous Vice Chancellor Hartwig Löger was entrusted with the continuation of the administration and the chairmanship of the provisional federal government Löger (without Kurz ), then the previous ministers were entrusted with the continuation of official business until a new government was set up.

On June 3, the Federal President swore to Bierlein . As a civil servants' or transitional government , it is to continue the official business of the federal ministries until a new government is sworn in after the early National Council elections in autumn 2019.

Federal Electoral Authority

The constituent meeting of the federal electoral authority for the 2019 National Council election took place on July 30, 2019. 15 of the 17 assessors were nominated by the parties, two assessors must belong to the judiciary according to the National Council election regulations. These are still Gabriele Fink-Hopf , Vice-President of the Higher Regional Court of Vienna and Meinrad Handstanger, judge of the Administrative Court . By law, the chairman of the federal electoral authority and federal returning officer is the interior minister, in the current interim government Bierlein this is Wolfgang Peschorn , who in turn has three deputies. The ÖVP sent Karl Nehammer , Wolfgang Gerstl , the former club director Werner Zögernitz, attorney Karl Schön and Romed Perfler (board member of the Political Academy). The SPÖ nominated Andrea Brunner , Raphael Sternfeld (Head of Communications of the Vienna SPÖ), the deputy club director Peter Pointner and club secretary Monika Juch. The FPÖ is represented by Johannes Hübner , Norbert Nemeth , Bernd Saurer and club representative Heimo Probst. NEOS is represented by lawyer Karl-Arthur Arlamovsky, NOW sent by Susanne Giendl. The Greens' confidante is Federal-State Coordinator Thomas Sperlich, while that of the KPÖ Ingram Riss.

Candidate electoral parties and lists

In order to be able to stand in the National Council election, the campaigning parties have to submit their nomination for the first and second preliminary investigation (state election proposal) to the state electoral authority no later than the fifty-eighth day before the election day by 5 p.m. in accordance with Section 42 (1) NRWO, which is by 2nd August 2019.

According to Paragraph 2, each state nomination must either be "signed by at least three members of the National Council", or the respective state nomination must be supported by persons who were entered in the electoral register in a municipality in the state electoral district on the reference date (that was 9 July 2019) are entitled to vote in accordance with Section 21 (1). The number of these declarations of support depends on the size of the nine provincial constituencies: In the provincial constituencies of Burgenland and Vorarlberg this is 100 each, in the provincial constituencies of Carinthia, Salzburg and Tyrol 200 each, in the provincial constituencies of Upper Austria and Styria 400 each and in the provincial constituencies of Lower Austria and Vienna 500 each, which have to be signed by the supporting persons in front of their main place of residence (in Vienna before the electoral offices of the municipal district offices), and which are to be included by electoral parties in the respective state election proposal.

Parties represented in the National Council

  • List Sebastian Kurz - the new People's Party (ÖVP)
  • Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ)
  • Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)
  • NEOS - The New Austria (NEOS)
  • NOW - List Mushroom (NOW)

The parties represented in the National Council secured their accession with three signatures from MPs. The signatures of at least three members of the National Council on the state lists required for the candidacy of the NOW list at NRW 2019 come from the two JETZT MPs Peter Pilz and Daniela Holzinger-Vogtenhuber and the non-attached MP Efgani Dönmez . The other NOW MPs who are no longer running for the election expressly no longer support the NOW list.

Parties that have collected sufficient signatures

The following parties have received a sufficient number of declarations of support and can therefore be elected in the National Council election:

  • BEER : BPÖ - Austrian Beer Party (only in Vienna)
  • BZÖ : BZÖ Carinthia - Alliance of Patriots (only in Carinthia)
  • CPÖ : Christian Party of Austria (only in Burgenland)
  • GILT : Every vote GILT - Citizens' Parliaments & Expert Government (only in Tyrol and Vorarlberg)
  • GREENS : The Greens - The Green Alternative (in all federal states)
  • KPÖ : Alternative Lists, KPÖ Plus, Left and Independent (in all federal states)
  • SLP : Socialist Left Party (only in Upper Austria)
  • WANDL : Change - departure into a common good-oriented tomorrow with good work, affordable housing and radical climate policy. There is a lot to be gained. (in all federal states)

Top candidates

The following politicians were nominated by the national parties as the top candidates for the election.

The university professor Ivo Hajnal was running at number 1 on the list of the KPÖ *, while the top candidate for Wandel * was Fayad Mulla-Khalid.

* Party not represented in the National Council.

Survey

Predictions before the election

At first, the opinion polls saw only relatively minor changes, the government junior partner FPÖ tended to lose approval, while the Chancellor party ÖVP rose slightly. Since the spring of 2018, the Greens have been forecast to return to parliament at 4–5%, while the Pilz list will clearly not be able to return to the National Council.

After the " Ibiza Affair " and the European elections at the end of May 2019, there were more significant shifts in the mood for the National Council election. The ÖVP widened its gap between the SPÖ and the FPÖ to around 12-15% and, with around 34%, was seen as the clearly strongest force. According to the survey institutes, however, the biggest winners of the election should be the Greens, who, after 3.8%, were seen between 11 and 13% in the 2017 election. An increase - albeit a smaller one - was also forecast for the NEOS; the PILZ list, on the other hand, was seen by all polls outside Parliament.

Last polls before the election

Institute date ÖVP SPÖ FPÖ NEOS NOW GREEN Otherwise.
OGM 09/23/2019 34% 22% 20% 8th % 2% 12% 2%
Research Affairs 09/22/2019 34% 23% 21% 8th % 2% 11% 1 %
Hajek 09/20/2019 34% 22% 20% 8th % 2% 13% 1 %
Market September 18, 2019 35% 23% 20% 8th % 2% 11% 1 %
Research Affairs September 18, 2019 34% 23% 20% 8th % 2% 12% 1 %
Karmasin 09/17/2019 34% 22% 20% 9% 1 % 13% 1 %
Unique research 13.09.2019 33% 22% 20% 8th % 2% 13% 2%
OGM 13.09.2019 35% 22% 20% 8th % 2% 11% 2%
National Council election 2017 October 15, 2017 31.5% 26.9% 26.0% 5.3% 4.4% 3.8% 2.2%

Older polls

January - September 2019
Institute date ÖVP SPÖ FPÖ NEOS NOW GREEN Otherwise.
Research Affairs 09/11/2019 35% 22% 19% 9% 1 % 11% 3%
Karmasin 09/10/2019 35% 22% 19% 9% 2% 12% 1 %
Market (Weekend Magazine) 09/08/2019 34% 22% 21% 10% 2% 10% 1 %
Karmasin 06.09.2019 35% 21% 20% 9% 1 % 12% 2%
Research Affairs 04.09.2019 36% 22% 20% 8th % 1 % 11% 2%
Market 04.09.2019 34% 22% 21% 9% 2% 11% 1 %
Research Affairs 08/28/2019 36% 22% 20% 8th % 1 % 11% 2%
Unique research 08/22/2019 36% 20% 20% 9% 1 % 12% 2%
Research Affairs 08/21/2019 35% 21% 19% 8th % 2% 11% 4%
OGM 08/12/2019 35% 23% 20% 8th % 1.5% 11% 1.5%
Kowarcz market research 08/09/2019 31% 20% 22% 9% 2% 13% 3%
Research Affairs 08/07/2019 36% 22% 20% 8th % 2% 10% 2%
Market 08/05/2019 35% 22% 20% 10% 1 % 10% 2%
Research Affairs July 31, 2019 36% 22% 20% 8th % 1 % 11% 2%
Research Affairs 07/24/2019 36% 22% 20% 7% 1 % 12% 2%
Research Affairs 07/17/2019 37% 22% 19% 7% 1 % 12% 2%
Unique research 07/12/2019 37% 20% 21% 9% 1 % 11% 1 %
Research Affairs 07/10/2019 37% 22% 18% 8th % 1 % 12% 2%
IFES 07/10/2019 37% 23% 19% 8th % 1 % 11% 1 %
Market 07/09/2019 36% 21% 20% 10% 1 % 11% 1 %
Research Affairs 04/07/2019 37% 22% 18% 8th % 2% 11% 2%
Hajek 06/28/2019 38% 20% 20% 9% 1 % 11% 1 %
Research Affairs June 21, 2019 38% 23% 17% 8th % 2% 10% 2%
SORA / integral 06/10/2019 38% 21% 18% 8th % 1 % 12% 2%
Market 06/06/2019 38% 22% 19% 9% 1 % 10% 2%
Unique research 06/05/2019 37% 20% 21% 10% 1 % 10% 1 %
Research Affairs 06/04/2019 38% 23% 17% 9% 1 % 9% 3%
Research Affairs 05/31/2019 38% 23% 17% 10% 1 % 8th % 3%
Unique research 05/31/2019 38% 21% 19% 10% 1 % 10% 1 %
OGM 05/29/2019 36% 22% 21% 8th % 1.5% 10% 1.5%
Demox Research 05/29/2019 37.5% 22.5% 18.5% 10.5% n / A 8.5% 2%
Research Affairs 05/20/2019 38% 26% 18% 9% 2% 5% 2%
Research Affairs 05/15/2019 34% 25% 23% 8th % 2% 5% 3%
Demox Research 05/02/2019 34% 27% 22% 8th % 2% 6% 1 %
Research Affairs 05/01/2019 34% 25% 22% 9% 2% 5% 3%
Research Affairs April 17, 2019 34% 24% 23% 9% 2% 5% 3%
Market April 15, 2019 34% 28% 22% 7% 2% 5% 2%
Unique research 04/12/2019 34% 28% 22% 7% 2% 5% 3%
Demox Research 04/11/2019 33% 27% 24% 7% 2% 6% 1 %
Research Affairs 04/03/2019 34% 24% 23% 8th % 3% 5% 3%
Research Affairs March 20, 2019 34% 24% 25% 7% 3% 5% 2%
Unique research 03/15/2019 34% 25% 24% 8th % 2% 5% 2%
Unique research 07.03.2019 33% 27% 24% 7% 2% 6% 1 %
Research Affairs 03/06/2019 34% 24% 24% 7% 3% 6% 2%
Hajek 02/28/2019 34% 27% 23% 8th % 1 % 6% 1 %
Research Affairs 02/20/2019 34% 25% 24% 7% 2% 6% 2%
Unique research 02/15/2019 32% 26% 25% 8th % 1 % 6% 2%
Demox Research 02/08/2019 34% 27% 22% 8.5% 1.5% 5% 2%
Research Affairs 02/06/2019 34% 25% 23% 7% 3% 5% 3%
Research Affairs 01/23/2019 34% 26% 23% 7% 2% 6% 2%
OGM January 17, 2019 35% 27% 24% 7% 2% 5% 0%
Unique research 01/12/2019 35% 27% 21% 8th % 2% 6% 1 %
Research Affairs 09/01/2019 34% 26% 24% 7% 2% 5% 2%
National Council election 2017 October 15, 2017 31.5% 26.9% 26.0% 5.3% 4.4% 3.8% 2.2%

course

Course of the surveys as of September 8, 2019

Results

After counting the ballot box on election day, the postal voting cards on September 30 and the voting cards in a foreign regional constituency on October 3, the preliminary final result was determined on the evening of the same day.

Result of the National Council election 2019 compared to the previous election
Political party Results 2019 Results 2017 Differences
Eligible voters 6,396,812 6,400,993 −4,181
be right % Mand. be right % Mand. be right % Mand.
total 4,835,469 75.59% 5,120,881 80.00% −285.412 −4.41%
Invalid 58,223 1.20% 50,952 0.99% +7,271 + 0.21%
Valid 4,777,246 98.80% 5,069,929 99.01% −292,683 −0.21%
be right % Mand. be right % Mand. be right % Mand.
ÖVP 1,789,417 37.46% 71 1,595,526 31.47% 62 +193,891 +5.99% +9
SPÖ 1,011,868 21.18% 40 1,361,746 26.86% 52 −349.878 −5.68% −12
FPÖ 772.666 16.17% 31 1,316,442 25.97% 51 −543.776 −9.80% −20
GREEN 664.055 13.90% 26th 192,638 3.80% 0 +471.417 + 10.10% +26
NEOS 387.124 8.10% 15th 268,518 5.30% 10 +118,606 + 2.80% +5
NOW 1 89.169 1.87% 0 223,544 4.41% 8th −134.374 −2.54% −8
KPÖ 32,736 0.69% 0 39,689 0.78% 0 −6,953 −0.09% ± 0
WANDL 22,168 0.46% 0 nk nk nk +22,168 + 0.46% ± 0
BEER 4,946 0.10% 0 nk nk nk +4,946 + 0.10% ± 0
APPLIES 1,767 0.04% 0 48,233 0.95% 0 −46,466 −0.91% ± 0
BZÖ 760 0.02% 0 nk nk nk +760 +0.02% ± 0
SLP 310 0.01% 0 713 0.01% 0 −403 −0.00% ± 0
CPÖ 260 0.01% 0 425 0.01% 0 −165 −0.00% ± 0
White nk nk nk 9,167 0.18% 0 −9.167 −0.18% ± 0
FLÖ nk nk nk 8,889 0.17% 0 −8,889 −0.17% ± 0
NBZ nk nk nk 2,724 0.05% 0 −2,724 −0.05% ± 0
ODP nk nk nk 761 0.02% 0 −761 −0.02% ± 0
EUAUS nk nk nk 693 0.01% 0 −693 −0.01% ± 0
M. nk nk nk 221 0.00% 0 −221 −0.00% ± 0
1 Short name 2017: PILZ

Results by federal state

state ÖVP SPÖ FPÖ GREEN NEOS NOW Otherwise. Valid

be right

Participation
number % number % number % number % number % number % number % total %
Burgenland 71,566 38.26% 54,965 29.38% 32,448 17.35% 15,113 8.08% 9.130 4.88% 2,351 1.26% 1488 0.80% 187.061 81.44%
Carinthia 108,809 34.90% 81,578 26.16% 61,674 19.78% 29,654 9.51% 21,193 6.80% 5,220 1.67% 3,684 1.18% 311,812 72.44%
Lower Austria 434,783 42.32% 204,679 19.92% 168,565 16.41% 112,607 10.96% 78,760 7.67% 17,751 1.73% 10.131 0.99% 1,027,276 80.63%
Upper Austria 310.611 36.75% 187.173 22.15% 147,873 17.50% 115.983 13.72% 61,853 7.32% 12,451 1.47% 9,152 1.08% 845.096 77.69%
Salzburg 138,349 46.38% 48,800 16.36% 40,830 13.69% 37,624 12.61% 25,153 8.43% 4,274 1.43% 3,295 1.10% 298,325 76.36%
Styria 278.228 38.90% 137.494 19.23% 131,999 18.46% 92,799 12.98% 50,754 7.10% 12,156 1.70% 11,740 1.64% 715.170 74.79%
Tyrol 177.351 45.81% 50,393 13.02% 56,867 14.69% 56,947 14.71% 34,300 8.86% 6,751 1.74% 4,550 1.18% 387.159 71.84%
Vorarlberg 67,540 36.62% 24,232 13.14% 27.121 14.71% 33,462 18.14% 25,017 13.56% 3,921 2.13% 3,140 1.70% 184,433 67.71%
Vienna 202.180 24.63% 222,554 27.11% 105.289 12.82% 169,866 20.69% 80.964 9.86% 24,294 2.96% 15,767 1.92% 820.914 71.98%
Austria 1,789,417 37.46% 1,011,868 21.18% 772.666 16.17% 664.055 13.90% 387.124 8.10% 89.169 1.87% 62,947 1.32% 4,777,246 75.59%
National Council election 2019 - Burgenland
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
38.3
(+5.5)
29.4
(-3.5)
17.3
(-7.9)
8.1
(+6.1)
4.9
(+2.0)
1.3
(-1.5)
0.8
(+0.4)
Otherwise.
2014

2019

National Council election 2019 - Carinthia
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
34.9
(+8.1)
26.2
(-3.1)
19.8
(-12.0)
9.5
(+7.1)
6.8
(+2.5)
1.7
(-1.9)
1.1
(+0.6)
Otherwise.
2014

2019

National Council election 2019 - Lower Austria
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
42.3
(+6.7)
19.9
(-4.9)
16.4
(-9.5)
11.0
(+8.3)
7.7
(+2.9)
1.7
(-2.4)
1.0
(+0.5)
Otherwise.
2014

2019

National Council election 2019 - Upper Austria
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
36.8
(+5.3)
22.1
(-5.5)
17.5
(-9.3)
13.7
(+10.0)
7.3
(+2.5)
1.5
(-2.2)
1.1
(+0.5)
Otherwise.
2014

2019

National Council election 2019 - Salzburg
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
46.4
(+8.7)
16.4
(-5.8)
13.7
(-10.7)
12.6
(+8.6)
8.4
(+2.7)
1.4
(-2.1)
1.1
(+0.5)
Otherwise.
2014

2019

National Council election 2019 - Styria
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
38.9
(+7.4)
19.2
(-5.9)
18.5
(-10.9)
13.0
(+10.2)
7.1
(+2.1)
1.7
(-2.2)
1.3
(+0.2)
0.4
(none)
Otherwise.
2014

2019

National Council election 2019 - Tyrol
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
45.8
(+7.4)
14.7
(+10.2)
14.7
(-10.2)
13.0
(-7.8)
8.9
(+3.2)
1.7
(-2.1)
1.2
(+0.6)
Otherwise.
2014

2019

National Council election 2019 - Vorarlberg
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
36.6
(+1.9)
18.1
(+10.9)
14.7
(-9.7)
13.6
(+4.6)
13.1
(-4.7)
2.1
(-0.9)
1.7
(+1.0)
Otherwise.
2014

2019

National Council election 2019 - Vienna
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
27.1
(-7.4)
24.6
(+3.0)
20.7
(+14.8)
12.8
(-8.5)
9.9
(+3.4)
3.0
(-4.5)
1.9
(+0.5)
Otherwise.
2014

2019


Cartographic representations

  • Strongest party at community level (without voting cards)

  • Strongest party at district level (with voting cards)

  • Strongest party at regional constituency level (with voting cards)
    The boxes show mandates (basic mandates) won in the first investigation

  • Strongest party at federal state level (with voting cards)

Coalition options and consequences

See also

Legal basis 2019

literature

Web links

Commons : 2019 Austrian general election  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b BM.I: Austria, final final result bmi.gv.at
  2. ↑ Der Standard : Strache and Gudenus step down, Kurz and Van der Bellen announce new elections , May 18, 2019
  3. ↑ a b Parliamentary Correspondence No. 591 of May 27, 2019: New election motion received in Parliament
  4. ↑ September 29, fixed election date. Retrieved July 3, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Federal Law Gazette I No. 52/2019
  6. ↑ The President sets the date for the constituent meeting of the newly elected National Council for October 23. June 27, 2019, accessed July 6, 2019 .
  7. ^ Off for government short. In: ORF.at. May 27, 2019, accessed May 27, 2019 .
  8. ^ FPÖ sent Huebner again to the federal electoral authority. In: ORF.at . July 30, 2019, accessed July 31, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Announcement on the appointment of the assessors, the substitute assessors and the confidants to the federal electoral authority. (PDF) Federal Electoral Authority , BMI-WA1500 / 0014-III / 6/2019, July 30, 2019, accessed on July 31, 2019.
  10. ↑ ORF at / Agencies geka: "Wollen's know": NOW competes in the National Council election. In: ORF.at . July 13, 2019, accessed July 15, 2019 .
  11. ↑ red, ORF.at/Agenturen: Nationalratwahl: NOW MPs refuse support. In: ORF.at . July 15, 2019, accessed July 15, 2019 .
  12. ↑ bmi.gv.at: Campaigning parties that have proposed a state election. In: bmi.gv.at. August 2, 2019, accessed August 3, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Federal Ministry of the Interior: National Council election 2019: Federal election proposals. Retrieved October 5, 2019 .
  14. ↑ OGM - Election forecast National Council elections 2019. September 25, 2019, accessed on September 26, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Last poll: Head to head race for second place. September 24, 2019, accessed September 24, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Today live “The Round of Top Candidates” at 8:15 pm on ATV, PULS 4 and ServusTV. September 22, 2019, accessed September 23, 2019 .
  17. ↑ The last poll before the election. September 18, 2019, accessed September 18, 2019 .
  18. ↑ The last poll before the election. September 19, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Karmasin Survey. September 19, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019 .
  20. ↑ https://www.heute.at/s/letzt-umfrage-vor-wahl-kampf-um-platz-2-offen-sonntagsfrage-ovp-spo-fpo-grune-neos-jetzt--58848041 09/14/2019 , accessed on September 14, 2019
  21. ↑ KURIER OGM survey: ÖVP is stable ahead of SPÖ. Retrieved September 14, 2019 (Austrian German).
  22. ↑ ÖVP and FPÖ lose, NEOS gain. September 12, 2019, accessed September 12, 2019 .
  23. ↑ a b PULS 24 Exclusive: Karmasin survey sees SPÖ three percentage points compared to FPÖ. September 10, 2019, accessed September 10, 2019 .
  24. ↑ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EEwnWY9W4AEmB-T.jpg
  25. ↑ Turquoise blue is losing approval. September 4, 2019, accessed September 5, 2019 .
  26. ↑ Kurz falls behind in the survey, but ÖVP clearly leads. September 4, 2019, accessed September 4, 2019 .
  27. ↑ Survey big ones are increasing . August 28, 2019, accessed August 30, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Survey: SPÖ and FPÖ equal. August 22, 2019, accessed August 23, 2019 .
  29. ↑ Survey In a nutshell, lose out on Neos. August 21, 2019, accessed August 23, 2019 .
  30. ↑ KURIER OGM survey: ÖVP clearly ahead - SPÖ consolidates second place. Retrieved August 15, 2019 (Austrian German).
  31. ↑ Sunday question on the National Council election 2019: Kurz-ÖVP clearly loses approval; 1,600 online interviews. Retrieved August 30, 2019 (Austrian German).
  32. ↑ Survey 32% for turquoise-blue. August 8, 2019, accessed August 9, 2019 .
  33. ↑ Survey: Austria's voters tend to be left of center, but vote on the right - derStandard.at. Retrieved August 11, 2019 (Austrian German).
  34. ↑ Survey 32% for turquoise-blue. August 2, 2019, accessed August 2, 2019 .
  35. ↑ ÖVP loses in 1st survey after the shredder affair. July 25, 2019, accessed July 25, 2019 .
  36. ↑ Survey: Brutal fight for 2nd place. July 20, 2019, accessed July 21, 2019 .
  37. ↑ Survey: Kurz clearly increases in the question of the chancellor. July 13, 2019, accessed July 13, 2019 .
  38. ↑ Survey: Briefly first, Greens are increasing. July 11, 2019, accessed July 12, 2019 .
  39. ↑ SPÖ announced positive trend reversal before NR election. July 11, 2019, accessed July 11, 2019 .
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  53. ↑ What does the Strache quake mean for the EU election. May 15, 2019, accessed May 9, 2019 .
  54. ^ Right-wing scandals do not help the SPÖ, but the ÖVP , on krone.at
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  57. ↑ Every second thinks that the government is dividing society , on derstandard.at
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  59. ↑ Survey: Chancellor Kurz thanks Identitarian Scandal with Plus. April 13, 2019, accessed April 13, 2019 .
  60. ^ Right-wing scandals do not help the SPÖ, but the ÖVP , on krone.at
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