Pteroceltis tatarinowii

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Pteroceltis tatarinowii
Pteroceltis tatarinowii

Pteroceltis tatarinowii

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Hemp plants (Cannabaceae)
Genre : Pteroceltis
Type : Pteroceltis tatarinowii
Scientific name of the  genus
Pteroceltis
Maxim.
Scientific name of the  species
Pteroceltis tatarinowii
Maxim.

Pteroceltis tatarinowii (Blue Sandalwood, Tara wingceltis, Qing Tan) is the only species of the plant genus Pteroceltis within the hemp family(Cannabaceae). It is common in the temperate areas of China.

description

Trunks and bark
Branch with single stalked leaves

Appearance and leaf

Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a deciduous tree that reaches heights of growth of up to 20 meters and a trunk diameter of 80 to 100 centimeters. The bark is gray-brown and flakes off in larger pieces. On the bark of the branches are clearly Lentizellen recognizable. The winter buds are egg-shaped.

The alternate, often two lines arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The 0.5 to 1.5 cm long petiole is hairy downy. The simple, green leaf blade is 3 to 10 centimeters long and 2 to 5 centimeters wide, broad to narrow-shaped, with an oblique, pointed to blunt blade base and a pointed upper end. The leaf margin is whole at the base, then serrated forward. From the base of the leaf , three primary leaf veins branch out in a network (ternate, reticulate). The two free stipules are linear and, when they fall off, leave short transverse leaf scars on each side of the leaf base.

Flower and fruit

Pteroceltis tatarinowii are single sexed ( monoecious ). The flowering period in China extends from March to May. The unisexual flowers are only on the previous year's branches.

The male flowers are in clusters in the uppermost leaf axils . Her five bloom overlap dachziegelig (imbrikat). The five stamens consist of upright stamens and anthers with downy hair at the top.

The female flowers stand individually in the uppermost leaf axil. Your four bracts are lanceolate. Two carpels are flattened laterally to one, upper permanent ovary deformed, a anatrope ovule contains. There are two scars.

The Fruchtstiel is 1 to 2 inches long. When ripe, the yellowish-green to yellowish-brown, bald or hairy and broadly winged nuts (= wing nuts , Samara) are more or less spherical to elongated with a diameter of 1 to 1.7 centimeters with a truncated to heart-shaped base and notched upper end . The bracts and the style are still present on ripe fruits. The wing is more or less lignified. The fruits have a "bony" endocarp and sparse endosperm . The curved embryo has two broad germ layers ( cotyledons ). The fruits ripen in China from August to October.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 10; there is diploidy , i.e. 2n = 20.

Occurrence

Pteroceltis tatarinowii is found in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Fujian , southern Gansu , Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hebei , Henan , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Liaoning (only in Dalian), southeastern Qinghai , Shaanxi , Shandong , Shanxi , Sichuan and .xi , Sichuan Zhejiang spread. Pteroceltis tatarinowii is the most widespread tree species in temperate areas of China. There Pteroceltis tatarinowii thrives in temperate deciduous forests in mountain regions over limestone and on river banks at altitudes 100 to 1500 meters. Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tertiary - relict .

Systematics

The genus Pteroceltis was created in 1873 by Karl Johann Maximowicz with the first description of the species Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim. in Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg , Volume 18, pp. 292-293. The specific epithet tatarinowii honors the Russian doctor and botanist Alexander Alexejewitsch Tatarinow, who worked in China for many years. Synonyms for Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim. are: Pteroceltis tatarinowii var. pubescens Hand.-Mazz. , Ulmus cavaleriei H. Lév.

Pteroceltis tatarinowii is the only species of the genus Pteroceltis within the Cannabaceae family . It was previously placed in the subfamily Celtidoideae in the family Ulmaceae or a family Celtidaceae. The monotypical genus Pteroceltis forms a clade together with the genus Chaetachme, which is native to Africa .

bark

use

The phloem fibers of the bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii are the main raw material of the Xuan paper . That is why Pteroceltis tatarinowii is grown in plantations. The wood is of good quality. Oil is made from the seeds.

Pteroceltis tatarinowii is used as an ornamental plant in the temperate regions ; it is frost hardy and can be planted in sunny and partially shaded locations.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Joseph Needham : Science and Civilization in China. Volume 5, Cambridge University Press, 1985, ISBN 0-521-08690-6 , p. 61.
  2. ↑ Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: CRC Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4822-5064-0 , p. 3134.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Liguo Fu, Yiqun Xin, Alan Whittemore: Pteroceltis , p. 9 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 5 - Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-27-X .
  4. ↑ a b c Mei-Qing Yang, Robin van Velzen, Freek T. Bakker, Ali Sattarian, De-Zhu Li, Ting-Shuang Yi: Molecular phylogenetics and character evolution of Cannabaceae. In: Taxon. Volume 62, Issue 3, June 2013, pp. 473-485, doi : 10.12705 / 623.9 . Full text PDF.
  5. ^ Pteroceltis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ↑ a b c d e Pteroceltis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  7. ↑ Jingyun Fang, Zhiheng Wang, Zhiyao Tang: Atlas of Woody Plants in China: Distribution and Climate . tape 1 . Springer, 2011, ISBN 978-3-642-15017-3 ( distribution map of Pteroceltis tatarinowii on page 193 in the Google book search).
  8. ↑ a b c Xiao-Hong Li, Jian-Wen Shao, Chang Lu, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Ying-Xiong Qiu: Chloroplast phylogeography of a temperate tree Pteroceltis tatarinowii (Ulmaceae) in China. In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution. Special Issue: Phylogeographic studies of plants in China. Volume 50, Issue 4, July 15, 2012, pp. 325–333. doi : 10.1111 / j.1759-6831.2012.00203.x .
  9. ^ Pteroceltis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 18, 2015.
  10. ↑ Shengzuo Fang, Guangyou Li, Xiangxiang Fu: Biomass production and bark yield in the plantations of Pteroceltis tatarinowii. In: Biomass and Bioenergy. Volume 26, Issue 4, 2004, pp. 319-328. doi : 10.1016 / j.biombioe.2003.08.005 .
  11. ↑ a b c Pteroceltis tatarinowii at Plants For A Future . Retrieved April 18, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Pteroceltis tatarinowii  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

further reading

  • Xing-Wang Zhang, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Chuan-You Guo, Jian-Hua Ding: Dynamics of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Population in Langya Mountain of Anhui Province. In: Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment. Vol. 28, No. 5, 2012, pp. 493–499 (Chinese, English summary and web link to PDF ).