Rainer of Austria (1783-1853)
Rainer Joseph Johann Michael Franz Hieronymus of Austria (born September 30, 1783 in Pisa , † January 16, 1853 in Bozen ) from the House of Habsburg-Lothringen was an Archduke of Austria and Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia .
Life
Rainer was the tenth son of a total of 16 children of the Roman-German Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792) and his wife Infanta Maria Ludovica (1745–1792), the fifth daughter of King Karl III. of Spain and Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony . After the early death of his parents, his older brother, Emperor Franz II, took over the supervision of his upbringing, with a special focus on military and political science. In the imperial military service, he achieved the rank of Feldzeugmeister .
In 1818, Rainer was appointed viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia by his imperial brother as the successor to his brother, Archduke Anton Viktor , an office that he held until the revolution in 1848. The actual power of government remained with the Austro-Metternich system of government and Rainer's tasks were often limited to representative activities. However, his informal influence prevented the excessive taxes, which drove the rural population into poverty and emigration, from being abolished by Daniele Manin after his term of office, despite his brother's promise in 1818 and - after famine - in 1833 new discussions . Rainer believed it was up to the government to correct the moral shortcomings of the Venetians.
At the beginning of his reign he found an economically depressed country, which improved through the revival of trade - Venice received the status of a free port - and the expansion of the infrastructure. Rainer laid the foundation stone for the Venice-Milan railway line and, as a passionate botanist , maintained a botanical garden in his summer residence in Monza .
After 1848 he did not return to Lombardy-Veneto and resigned from all political offices. From then on he lived, continuing to devote himself to natural and botanical science, as a private individual in Bozen, where he also died and was buried.
Marriage and offspring
On May 28, 1820, Archduke Rainer married Maria Elisabeth (1800-1856), daughter of Prince Karl Emanuel of Savoy-Carignan and Maria Christina of Saxony (1770-1851) in Prague . The marriage had eight children:
- ⚭ 1852 King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont (1820–1878)
- ⚭ 1858 ( morganatic ) Laura Skublics de Velike et Bessenyö (1826–1865)
- ⚭ 1852 Archduchess Marie Karoline of Austria-Teschen (1825–1915)
- Heinrich (1828–1891), Lieutenant Field Marshal
- ⚭ 1868 (morganatic) Leopoldine Hofmann, “Freifrau von Waideck” (1842–1891)
- Maximilian (1830-1839)
Titles and honors
- Imperial Prince and Archduke of Austria
- Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia
- Prince of Tuscany
- 1805 Order of the Golden Fleece
- 8 September 1847 Order of the Black Eagle
See also
ancestors
| Pedigree of Rainer of Austria | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great-great-grandparents |
Duke |
Philip I of Bourbon (1640–1701) |
Emperor |
Duke |
Louis of France (1661–1711) |
Odoardo II. Farnese (1666–1693) |
King |
Emperor |
| Great grandparents |
Duke Leopold Joseph of Lorraine (1679–1729) |
Emperor Charles VI. (1685–1740) |
King Philip V (1683–1746) |
King August III. (1696–1763) |
||||
| Grandparents |
Emperor Franz I Stephan (1708–1765) |
King Charles III (1716–1788) |
||||||
| parents |
Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792) |
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|
Rainer of Austria |
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literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Rainer Joseph, Archduke . No. 273. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 7th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1861, p. 125 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Hermann Julius Meyer: New Konversations-Lexikon, a dictionary of general knowledge , Volume 13, Bibliographisches Institut, 1866, p. 431
- FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig: General German real encyclopedia for the educated classes. Conversations-Lexikon, Volume 12 , FA Brockhaus, 1867, p. 259 digitized
- Anton Victor Felgel: Rainer, Archduke of Austria . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 27, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 181-188.
- Brigitte Mazohl-Wallnig: Rainer Joseph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 121 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Richard Reifenscheid: The Habsburgs - From Rudolf I to Karl I , ISBN 3-85001-484-3
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich , 1868, p. 7 ( digitized in the Google book search)
- ^ David Laven: Venice and Venetia under the Habsburgs, 1815-1835 , Oxford University Press 2002, p. 117.
- ↑ Arne Karsten : Small history of Venice. CH Beck, Munich 2008, p. 235.
- ↑ Oscar Criste: Leopold, Archduke of Austria . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 51, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906, pp. 655-657.
- ^ A b c Meeting of three brothers at Archduke Rainer's summer residence, Baden near Vienna , Locales. Court news. In the Villa Rainer…. In: Badener Bezirks-Blatt , September 8, 1883, p. 5 (online at ANNO ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Rainer of Austria |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Rainer Joseph Johann Michael Franz Hieronymus (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Viceroy of Lombardy-Veneto, Imperial Prince and Archduke of Austria |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 30, 1783 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pisa |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 16, 1853 |
| Place of death | Bolzano |