Richard Scheringer

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Richard Scheringer (born September 13, 1904 in Aachen ; † May 9, 1986 in Hamburg ) was an officer in the German Reichswehr , first a National Socialist , later a Communist . In the 1950s he was chairman of the Bavarian KPD, which was banned in 1956, and its agricultural expert. After the DKP was founded in 1968, he became a member of the party executive committee.

Life

Scheringer of was the son of the officer of the Prussian army Ernst Scheringer born in Aachen. Attending the elementary school first in Rastatt , then in Koblenz was followed by that of the grammar school there. In 1915, the father died in the First World War . In 1922/23 Scheringer was involved in militant activities against the Allied occupying powers and Rhenish separatists , and in 1923 in the Küstriner putsch of the Black Reichswehr . He went to Berlin and passed the Abitur examination in Zehlendorf in 1924 .

On April 1, 1924, he joined the 5th Artillery Regiment of the Reichswehr in Ulm as an officer candidate and in 1925 passed the Fahnenjunker examination. In 1927 he passed the officer's examination at the artillery school in Jüterbog and became senior ensign . On February 1, 1928, he was promoted to lieutenant in his regiment . Scheringer got into right-wing extremist circles early on and supported the National Socialists. Together with the two regimental comrade Hanns Ludin and Hans Friedrich Wendt , he was on October 4, 1930 due to the "trial of a Nazi cell formation within the realm resistance" within the Ulm Reichswehr process to one and a half years imprisonment convicted, he in the fortress Gollnow was serving.

After long discussions with the Communists imprisoned there, on March 18, 1931, Scheringer openly acknowledged the goals of the KPD in a sensational step and turned away from the ideas of National Socialism. "As a soldier, I join the front of the well-defended proletariat," he said in his declaration, which the MPD Hans Kippenberger read in the Reichstag on March 19, 1931 . A few months later, Scheringer was accused of “preparing for high treason” and sentenced by the Imperial Court to two and a half years in prison. Even after the first trial against Richard Scheringer, so-called Scheringer committees were formed, which, through their collective work, advocated the amnesty of Scheringer in many mass meetings . From the end of 1931 Alexander Graf Stenbock-Fermor called on the initiative of the Red Aid of Germany to found non-partisan Scheringer committees, which campaigned for its amnesty. In April 1932, Scheringer was sentenced again to two and a half years imprisonment by the Reichsgericht because of his KPD activities. Scheringer initially served his sentence in the Groß-Strelitz fortress detention center , and from February 22, 1933 in Bielefeld . Richard Scheringer did not have to serve his second sentence in full because of a pardon from President Paul von Hindenburg . Scheringer's friend Ludin, meanwhile SA leader, and the Reichswehr Colonel von Reichenau had influenced the pardon .

Funeral service in Ingolstadt for Richard Scheringer with the guard of honor of the SED delegation: Werner Jarowinsky (front left), Ewald Moldt (front right) and Gunter Rettner (back left)

After his release from prison, Scheringer moved in 1933/34 to the Dürrnhof in Kösching near Ingolstadt , which his mother had bought in 1929. In 1934 he married his wife Marianne, b. Heisch, and took over the farm. The father of 11 children ran it as an independent farmer until the end of his life. Among other things, the Scholl siblings also spent their holidays on the farm.

Scheringer served in France and on the Eastern Front as an officer in the 78th Infantry and Assault Division during World War II in 1940/41 and was then placed in the UK . From autumn 1944 he was again at the front and until September 1945 in American and French captivity .

In the autumn of 1945 he became a member of the KPD , in which he remained until it was banned in 1956 and then illegally until 1968.

Scheringer served as State Secretary in the Bavarian Ministry of Agriculture from November to December 1945 . He was a member of the Bavarian State Parliament from July to November 1946. Here he was also chairman of the KPD parliamentary group.

He worked on the KPD's "Program for the National Reunification of Germany" (1952), for which the Federal Court of Justice sentenced him to lose his civil rights for a period of five years and two years in prison. Scheringer did not have to serve the sentence for illness. From 1972 to 1982 he was a council member of the DKP in Kösching and a member of the party executive committee of the DKP until his death. He died in Hamburg, where he was staying on the occasion of the DKP party congress.

Scheringer was in regular contact with the writer Ernst Jünger , whom he asked in 1983 in vain to take part in demonstrations against the NATO double resolution. At Scheringer's funeral, Jünger had a wreath laid with the dedication “To the old friend”.

His sons Konrad Scheringer and Johann Scheringer and his granddaughter Johanna Scheringer-Wright became members of the PDS .

Awards

Fonts

  • Departure: Combat sheet in the sense of Lieutenant a. D. Scheringer. Journal for Defense Issues, War Problems and Fight Against Fascism , Berlin 1931–33 (journal, published in twelve issues)
  • The big lot , with a foreword by Ernst von Salomon , Rowohlt, Hamburg 1959
  • The big prize. Among soldiers, farmers and rebels (edition edited by the author [for the GDR]), Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1961 [ Bodo Uhse wrote the foreword for the second edition in 1963]
  • Who Milks Who? Farmers and industrial society , Röderberg Verlag, Frankfurt / Main 1964
  • Green tree on a red background . Damnitz-Verlag in Verlag Plambeck, Neuss-Munich 1983, ISBN 3-88501-032-1 .
  • Chaos and measure. Thoughts of a political man at the turn of the times .3-k-Verlag, Kösching 1989, ISBN 3-924940-25-8 .
  • Departure: Kampfblatt in the spirit of retired lieutenant Scheringer. Documentation of a magazine between the fronts , with prefaces by Peter Steinbach and Susanne Römer and commentary by Hans Coppi , Fölbach, Koblenz 2001, ISBN 3-923532-70-9 , (complete reprint of Aufbruch )

literature

Movie

  • Karl Gass : The Lieutenant of Ulm. DEFA studio for documentary films 1978.

Web links

Commons : Richard Scheringer  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nikolaus Brauns: Get Red Help! History and activities of the proletarian aid organization for political prisoners in Germany (1919-1938), Verlag Pahl-Rugenstein, 2003 - 345 pages, ISBN 9783891442975 , p. 159
  2. ↑ Burga Kalinowski: "Come in, you sit well here" , report on the Scheringer family, Neues Deutschland, August 29, 2015
  3. ↑ In the program adopted by the KPD party executive on November 2, 1952, the demand was made that the “Adenauer regime be overthrown and that a free, unified, independent, democratic and peace-loving Germany be created on the ruins of this regime”. Only the “irreconcilable and revolutionary struggle of all democratic patriots” could and will “lead to the overthrow of the Adenauer regime and thus to the elimination of the decisive support of the rule of the American imperialists in West Germany”.
  4. ↑ Werner Bräuninger : "I didn't want to stand by ..." Life plans from Alfred Baeumler to Ernst Jünger. Ares Verlag, Graz 2006 ISBN 3-902475-32-3 p. 239 and p. 339.
personal data
SURNAME Scheringer, Richard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (KPD, NSDAP, DKP), MdL and officer
DATE OF BIRTH September 13, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Aachen
DATE OF DEATH May 9, 1986
Place of death Hamburg