Rodolphe Wytsman
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Rodolphe Wytsman , (born March 11, 1860 in Dendermonde , † November 2, 1927 in Linkebeek ) was a Belgian landscape painter , watercolorist , eraser and lithographer . He is considered to be one of the most important representatives of Belgian Impressionism from the late 19th to early 20th centuries and was one of the founding members of Les XX , a group of Belgian avant-garde artists.
Life
childhood and education
Rodolphe Wytsmann was born the son of Klemens Wytsmann and Emma-Maria Cockuyt in Dendermonde in 1860. In addition to his job as a notary in Dendermonde, his father was a recognized historian , numismatist , composer and town planner . In addition to the Flemish composers François-Auguste Gevaert and Peter Benoit, he also knew the French writer Victor Hugo . After his father's early death in 1870, his mother and children moved to their hometown of Ghent , where Rodolphe spent his school days. At the age of 13 he began his artistic training at the Ghent Art Academy with Jean Capeinick (1838–1890), who specialized in flower still lifes and who also taught Théo van Rysselberghe .
At the request of his mother, Wytsmann reluctantly finished his artistic training in order to take up a job in a yarn store. After three years he gave up this position against his mother's wishes and continued his studies at the art academy with Théodore-Joseph Canneel and Julius de Keghel . It was here that the young artist made the acquaintance of Théo van Rysselberghe, Armand Heins and Gustave Vanaise , with whom he drew river landscapes on the Scheldt and Lys, mainly in a realistic style . A lifelong friendship was to bind him especially with Armand Heins. In 1880 he took part in the Ghent Art Salon for the first time with the painting The Night .
In 1881 Rodolphe Wytsman moved to Brussels and continued his studies at the art academy with Jean Portaels , Joseph Stallaert and Joseph van Severendonck . Here he joined the artist group around Eugène Broerman , François Halkett , Frantz Charlet and Théo van Rysselberghe . Stylistically, he increasingly turned to impressionism in Brussels. At the Brussels Academy, he made the acquaintance of members of the artist group L'Essor , founded in March 1876 , which included the sculptor Julien Dillens and the painters Léon Frédéric , James Ensor , Jean Delville , Henry de Groux and Albert Baertsoen .
The early years
In 1882 he finished his studies at the Brussels Art Academy and began a study trip to Italy , financed by a friend of his late father's. He visited Rome and the Neapolitan coast with Belgian artists whom he had met in Ghent and Brussels . In May 1883 he returned to Brussels and exhibited in Ghent at the Cercle Artistique that same year . Since 1883 he visited the artist colony of the Belgian and French impressionists in Knokke in the summer months, which Camille Pissarro also joined in the 1890s . Numerous pictures of coastal and dune landscapes as well as pictures of typical local buildings such as windmills and churches were created here.
During the winter months, Wytsman lived in Brussels, first in Schaerbeek , at Van-Dyckstraat 14, later in Neuchâtelstraat 17. In October 1883, Rodolphe Wytsman was one of the founding members of the Belgian artists' association Société des Vingt ( Les XX ). Until 1887, Wytsman exhibited regularly at the group's annual exhibitions. On May 23, 1987 Wytsman left the artists' association together with Isidore Verheyen for personal reasons and continued to develop artistically. After the breakup of the Les XX group in 1893, Rodolphe Wytsman joined the La Libre Esthétique artist group , which continued to feel connected to Symbolism , Luminism and Post-Impressionism .
Artist couple Juliette and Rodolphe Wytsman
Rodolphe Wytsman met the landscape painter Juliette Trullemans in the studio of the Ghent painter Jean Capeinick . The couple married on February 16, 1886 and initially lived in the Leopold Quarter in Brussels. The couple devoted themselves to outdoor painting . Numerous paintings, prints and pastels of landscapes in Brabant , Bruges , in the area of Knokke and in the Meuse valley as well as drawings of plants were created. Influenced by the exhibition of the French impressionists, Wytsman varied his painting technique and turned to painting with fine line widths.
In 1892 the couple acquired the Les Tournesols (The Sunflowers) property in the Brussels suburb of Linkebeek , and numerous drawings and paintings were made in the vicinity. The Wytsmann couple became an integral part of the Brussels artist community around the writer and art critic Camille Lemonnier , the sculptor Charles van der Nahrungsmittel and the painter Emile Claus . Together with Claus, Jenny Montigny , Anna De Weert , Gustave de Smet and Frits van den Berghe , both were among the most important representatives of Luminism within Neo-Impressionism in Belgian painting. In the early creative period, his pictures were shaped by elements of realism and early impressionism.
In 1900 the couple moved from the Leopold quarter to Ixelles on Keyenveldstraat 39.
First World War
After the outbreak of World War I , the Wytsmans fled to the neutral Netherlands . In Rotterdam they worked with numerous other Belgian emigrants . Here, too, they made trips to the countryside and drew pictures of villages, moorland, forest and coastal landscapes around Overschie , Bergplaats and Oisterwijk . The couple founded the Rotterdam Art Society , thereby supporting Belgian emigrated artists in the Netherlands. The couple was on friendly terms with the young painter and sculptor Rik Wouters in particular . After Wouter's early death in 1916, Rodolphe Wytsman gave the funeral oration .
In 1916 Rodolphe Wytsman was part of the organizing committee for an exhibition of Belgian painters in the Amsterdam Stedelijk Museum, along with Isidore Opsomer, Maurice Guilbert and the Amsterdam museum curator Baard . In 1917 the couple lived and worked temporarily in Mook en Middelaar , and in 1918 in Oisterwijk.
Post-war years
After the war Rodolphe returned to Lintebeek with Juliette. The couple largely withdrew from public artistic life. Shortly before Juliette's death, they prepared a double retrospective of their paintings. Juliette died on March 8, 1925 in her home in Ixelles. Rodolphe survived it for two years.
In addition to painting, Rodolphe Wytsman also devoted himself to the artistic design of projects by the architect George Hobé . In 1902 he worked with him on a project in Turin and in 1906 in Milan . Like his wife, he taught numerous drawing students. Maria Luise von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was one of his students .
Trivia
In 1896, Herman Richir immortalized the Wytsman couple in the painting Le thé , which is exhibited in the museum in Ixelles. In the same museum you can find a portrait drawing of Rodolphe Wytsman made by Jehan Frison.
In 1897 the painter Lucien Wollès made a double portrait of Juliette and Rodolphe Wytsman, which Jean Van den Branden gave to the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in 1928, along with 50 other paintings by the Wytsman couple .
Rodolphe Wytsman's works are currently generating five-figure sales at renowned international auctions .
Works (selection)
- The Night (1880)
- Still Life with a Rose and Iris (1882)
- Church in Knokke (1883)
- Autumn Path (1884)
- Prints and Pastels (series): Autumn (1887)
- Pond in La Hulpe (1890)
- After the thunderstorm in Brabant (1900)
- Blooming rocks in Finchal (Madera, 1904)
- Poilvache Rocks (1911)
- The watermill (1919)
- Tomorrow in Linkebeek (1921)
- The Amblève Valley (1923)
- View of a homestead and a mill in Krailingen (1925)
- Dordrecht. View over the Merwede to the Grote Kerk
- Willows in spring on the riverside
- Summer afternoon (Verrewinckel)
- Ships on the beach at Scheveningen
- River landscape in Holland
- Overschie - autumn morning
- Overschie
- Boats on a canal in Overschie
- Landscape in Dilbeek
- The old water mill
- View of St. Anna ter Muiden
- Big tree in Verrewinckel
- Auderghem
Exhibitions (selection) and museums with works by Rodolphe Wytsman
During his lifetime, Rodolphe Wytsman, often together with his wife, took part in various exhibitions and art salons a. a. in Paris, Berlin, Turin and Warsaw.
- Ghent Art Salon, 1880
- multiple participation in the triennial of art salons in Antwerp, Brussels and Ghent
- Salon of the "Les XX"
- Double exhibitions with his wife Juliette Wytsman, Brussels 1888 and 1893
- International Art Exhibition Berlin, 1891 organized by the Association of Berlin Artists on the occasion of its 50th anniversary
- Kunstsalon Ostend, 1894
- Exposition Universelle Internationale 1900 , Paris
- International Arts and Crafts Exhibition Turin , 1902
- Tentoonstelling van waterverfschilderingen, pastels, etsen en others, Antwerp 1903
- Belgian art exhibition in the Zachrete Hall, Warsaw 1907
- Belgian art exhibition, Berlin 1908
Rodolphe Wytsman was represented at the salons of the Société des Vingt (Les XX) with the following paintings :
- 1884: The mill farm (Flanders) , flowers (West Flanders) , pond (dunes in Knokke)
- 1885: The Mill of Knokke , The Snow , In Melle in late autumn , In Boitsfort , Grasland .
- 1886: The snow , poppy seeds and poppy seed capsules , twilight , In Boitsfort , forest in rainy weather , The pond (Ixelles) , garden corner in the evening , late autumn and a series of prints and pastels
- 1887: Autumn , garden corner , late November , watermill , The Delft Canal in the evening , In Delft
Today his works are shown worldwide, but especially in Belgian museums:
- Amsterdam, Stedelijk Museum
- Antwerp , Royal Museum of Fine Arts .
- Brussels, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
- Brussels, Musée Camille Lemonnier
- Ixelles / Brussels, Ixelles Museum
- Dendermonde, Stedelijke Musea
- Sint-Joost-ten-Node , Museum Charlier
- Ghent , Museum of Fine Arts
- Liège , Musee d'Art Wallon
- Ostend , Mu.zee
- Barcelona
- Tokyo
- Buenos Aires
Individual evidence
- ↑ Finarts.be: Rodolphe Wytsman , accessed on November 23, 2015
- ↑ Gerhard Finckh (ed.): Camille Pissarro. The father of impressionism . On the occasion of the exhibition "Pissarro - Father of Impressionism", Von-der-Heydt-Museum Wuppertal, October 14, 2014 to February 22, 2015. Von-der-Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal 2014, ISBN 978-3-89202-091- 2 , p. 378
- ↑ Russell T. Clement, Annick Houzé: Neo-impressionist Painters: A Sourcebook on Georges Seurat, Camille Pissarro, Paul Signac, Théo Van Rysselberghe, Henri Edmond Cross, Charles Angrand, Maximilien Luce, and Albert Dubois-Pillet , Greenwood, London 1999 , ISBN 0-313-30382-7 , p. 270
- ↑ Jane Block: Les XX and Belgian Avant-gardism: 1868-1894 , UMI Research, 1994, ISBN 0-8357-1463-2 , p. 49
- ^ E. Gubin: Dictionnaire de femmes belges: XIXe et XX siècles , Lannoo Uitgeverij, Edition racine, Brussels 2006 ISBN 2-87386-434-6 , pp. 530f.
- ↑ belart.org: Rodolphe Wytsman , accessed November 22, 2015
- ↑ irismonument.be: Rue Keyenveld 39 , accessed on November 23, 2015
- ↑ vluchtelingen.rkdmonographs.nl: Belgische Vluchtelingen in Nederland 1914–1918 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 23, 2015
- ↑ Raymond Balau: Georges Hobé et Rodolphe Wytsman: ensembles décoratifs modern complets. Addendum: Notre Pays (1909), documents en couleur. Bulletin of the Musées royaux d'art et d'historie du cinquantenaire Bruxelles. Volume 80, Bruxelles 2009, pp. 195-200
- ↑ fine-arts-museum.be: Portrait of Juliette and Rodolphe Wytsman , accessed on November 23, 2015
- ↑ lesoir.be: Les Wytsman - Peintres et collectionneurs , September 18, 2008 , accessed November 23, 2015
literature
- Lucien Jottrand: Rodolphe Wytsman . Brussels 1931, 67 pp.
- Rodolphe Wytsman, Juliette Wytsman . Editions Gallery Luc Pieters, catalog, 1996, 34 pp.
- Rodolphe Wytsman, Nationaal Biografisch Woordenboek, Volume XIII, p. 895
- Berko, P. & V .: Dictionnaire des peintres belges nees entre 1750 et 1875 , Editions Laconti, Brussels 1981
- Gisèle Ollinger-Zinque: Les XX, La Libre esthétique: cent ans après . Musées royaux de Beaux-Arts de Belgique, Brussels 1993, 585 pp.
- Musée d'Ixelles: Designs by Rodolphe Wytsman . Brussels 1937
- Le dictionnaire des peintres belges du XIV ° siècle à nos jours , Brussels 1995, ISBN 978-2-8041-2012-2 .
- Willem G. Flippo: Lexicon of the Belgian Romantic Painters , International Art Press, Antwerp 1981.
- W. & G. Pas: Dictionnaire biographique arts plastiques en Belgique. Peintres-sculpteurs-graveurs 1800–2002, Antwerp 2002
- N. Hostyn: Rodolphe Wytsman en Juliette Wytsman, Knokke (Galerij Luc Pieters), 1997.
- S. Goyens de Heusch: Het impressionisme en het fauvisme in België (catalog) , Ixelles (Museum d'Ixelles), 1990.
- Wytsman, Juliette . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 339-340 . (in the article on his wife).
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Wytsman, Rodolphe |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Wytsman, Rodolphe Paul Maria; Wijtsman, Rodolf Paul Maria |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Belgian painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 11, 1860 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dendermonde |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 2, 1927 |
| Place of death | Linkebeek |