Roslyn (Washington)
| Roslyn | |||
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 Downtown Roslyn |
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| Location in Washington | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| Foundation : | 1886 | ||
| State : | United States | ||
| State : | Washington | ||
| County : | Kittitas County | ||
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 14 ′ N , 121 ° 0 ′ W | ||
| Time zone : | Pacific ( UTC − 8 / −7 ) | ||
| Residents : | 903 (as of 2015) | ||
| Population density : | 79.8 inhabitants per km 2 | ||
| Area : | 11.32 km 2 (about 4 mi 2 ) of which 11.32 km 2 (about 4 mi 2 ) is land |
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| Height : | 685 m | ||
| Postal code : | 98941 | ||
| Area code : | +1 509 | ||
| FIPS : | 53-60055 | ||
| GNIS ID : | 1525216 | ||
| Website : | City of Roslyn | ||
 Location of Roslyn in Kittitas County |
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Roslyn is a city ( City ) in Kittitas County in the State of Washington . As of the 2010 United States Census , Roslyn had 893 residents. Roslyn is located in the Cascade Mountains , about 80 miles (128 km) east of Seattle .
The city was founded in 1886 as a coal mine workers' settlement . During the 20th century the city gradually changed from being a mining town; today their economic performance is based primarily on forestry and tourism. The city was the film set for The Runner Stumbles , the television series Alaska (Northern Exposure) and The Man in the High Castle . Much of the city is listed, and its downtown area has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1978 .
history
Beginnings
Coal stores were first discovered in the Roslyn area in 1883; In 1885, a thick seam in upper Smith Creek Canyon was discovered by CP Brosious, Walter J. Reed and Ignatius A. Navarre. Roslyn was parceled out in 1886 by Logan M. Bullet , vice president of the Northern Pacific Coal Company , when the company began its first commercial coal production to aid railroad operations.
Throughout the 1880s, the Northern Pacific Railway , the parent company of the Northern Pacific Coal Company , drove a stretch from the east to reach Puget Sound across the Cascade Range . The Northern Pacific led the route over the Stampede Pass due west of Roslyn to connect Wallula in the east with Tacoma in the west. A gap of 124 kilometers remained in 1886. In January of that year Nelson Bennett was awarded a contract to build the 3-meter tunnel under the Stampede Pass, which was completed in 1888. Roslyn, which is on the route to Stampede Pass, supplied the coal for both the construction of the railway line and the maintenance of the railway operations.
Between 1886 and 1929 immigrant workers from Italy , Poland , Slovakia , Germany , Lithuania , Slovenia , Serbia and Croatia as well as from England , Ireland , Scotland and Wales came to work in the mines. These immigrants kept up the traditions of their home countries, as illustrated by the historic Roslyn Cemetery with its 26 different ethnic departments. Many of today's Roslyn residents are descendants of these immigrant miners.
Roslyn's peak production of coal was reached in 1910 at two million tons. As steam locomotives were increasingly replaced by diesel locomotives , coal mines began to decline in the 1920s. Although the local coal deposits remained a long way from being depleted (about 80% of Roslyn's coal reserves remained unexploited), the last mine closed in 1963 due to a lack of profitability. With the loss of jobs, there was an exodus of residents. Roslyn began to flourish again in the mid-1970s when artists, among others, restored and settled the city's residential and commercial buildings. Some Roslyn residents have a second home in addition to their Seattle or Tacoma workplaces, for example.
While Roslyn was a workers' settlement in the early years, life in the early years was entirely focused on coal production. Most of the residents either worked for the Northern Pacific Coal Company , one of the smaller subcontractors, or had a family member there. A hinge of city life was the company's own business, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places ; it still stands on the corner of First Street and Pennsylvania Avenue.
As in many US cities of the 19th century with a high fire risk, a major fire raged in Roslyn in 1888, which destroyed most of the business district. Many buildings built after that used brick and sandstone in construction. Some of these historic buildings are still in use today, such as the Brick Tavern from 1889 and the Fischer Building, built around 1890.
During the Days of Prosperity, the Northern Pacific Coal Company built the Roslyn Athletic Club for miners and their families. It was completed in 1902 and contained a sports hall, meeting rooms and a bowling alley. Roslyn's Public Library was founded in 1898 and moved to the Roslyn Athletic Club building in 1918 . It is still operated there today.
Most of the 500 homes were built on railroad owned land in the 1920s. In the 1920s, the business district consisted of four blocks, of which about a dozen buildings can be considered representative of Western Frontier Commercial Architecture . Roslyn shows many examples of Victorian elegance in its historical buildings as well as simple miners' cottages. The city of Roslyn has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1978 . Roslyn's local government was recently certified. Your Historic Preservation Commission restored the Roslyn Cafe , a local landmark.
Strike of the "Knights of Labor" of 1888
Tension between management and workforce at the Roslyn mines erupted in the summer of 1888 when management fired a number of union members who had been demanding higher wages. These layoffs led to a strike by the Knights of Labor , who ceased operations in the mines.
Instead of dealing with the strikers' demands, the Northwest Coal Company , which runs the mining operations at Mine No. 3 operated in Ronald a few miles away , more than 300 black workers in Virginia , North Carolina and Kentucky as strike breakers and transported them by special train across the continent to Roslyn. This represented the largest increase in the Afro-American population in Washington up to this point.
Forty-eight gunmen hired by the Northwest Coal Company escorted the first 50 scabs to Roslyn. The recruitment of the gunmen caught the interest of Governor Eugene Semple , who was shocked by the establishment of such a large private militia in his territory (Washington only became a state in 1889).
Semple was vigilante tired, he had just 1,887 a truce in the Salmon Wars negotiated ( "Salmon Wars"). The Salmon Wars were a series of battles between Washington and Oregon settlers over fishing rights in the Columbia River . The fighting between the armed fishermen and the intervention of the territorial militia made clear the danger posed by private armies when the militias in the territory were poorly positioned.
The Washington militia suffered from a lack of support, insufficient training and a lack of a clear command structure. Semple fought with the militia during his entire tenure as governor of the territory, which was at times undermined by his own officers, up to the point of deploying troops against him. Since the militia was not set up as the official National Guard of Washington until January 1888, Semple had poorly trained and poorly equipped armed units at the time of the Roslyn strike.
Semple ordered Sheriff Samuel T. Packwood to investigate the situation in Roslyn and to find a way for the government to disarm the private army in accordance with the law. Packwood arrested all 48 gunmen along with the black scabs on charges of entry. Packwood took advantage of the ongoing disputes between the Northwest Coal Company and the settler Alexander Ross over land ownership. The matter had been contentious since the coal was discovered three years earlier.
When the prisoners were released for trial, they set up a barricade made of wood and barbed wire on the mine site. At this point Semple called a militia unit to support Roslyn. Semple tried the vigilante group to behave as a vagabond, as they did not have any officially recognized work in the territory.
The strike eventually ended and the African American strike breakers in the Roslyn community were assimilated. Many photos in local archives and eyewitness accounts prove the ethnic harmony in the community in the decades that followed. There were only isolated incidents of racial segregation.
Mine accident of 1892
In 1892 45 miners were killed in an explosion at Mine No. 1 killed near Roslyn, worst mining accident in Washington state history.
Bank robbery by the McCarty gang in 1892
On September 24, 1892, a group of six bandits known as the "McCarty Gang" attacked the branch of Ben Snipes Bank in Ellensburg in Roslyn. Three of the men stood with the horses while the other three broke into the bank. One began emptying the safe with an undisclosed amount of money while the other two held the bank clerks in check; they shot the counter assistant in the hip and knocked down several bystanders on their way out. They had a clean finish.
The following day, several gang men were seen at the Northern Pacific Railway station in Cle Elum , where the Roslyn miners' wages were being loaded onto the train. The sheriff was instructed and hired a posse comitatus (auxiliary) to provide the bandits. A brief exchange of fire ensued, but the robbers escaped. It is not known if anyone was injured. Several abandoned horses and a camp were discovered by a search party, but not the robbers. The entire gang was later delivered by a woman from one of the guides. They were brought to justice, but released due to a hung jury , a jury that could not find unanimity or at least a qualified majority.
Several of the McCartys were later killed in an attempted banker in Colorado .
Roslyn's ethnic cemeteries
The Roslyn Cemetery is composed of 26 separate adjacent panels that reflect the diversity of the early immigrant community. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 . In forests and hills above the main road on 61,000 m², the land was given to religious, ethnic or civic organizations for the burial of their members by gift or purchase from the Northern Pacific Company .
The Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF), the Knights of Pythias Lodge , the Soloka Lodge , the Wanapum Tribe 28 , the Improved Order of Redmen , the Cacciatori d'Africa (literally: African hunters - an Italian lodge), the Croatian Fraternal Union Lodge No. 56 , the SNF Lodge No. 79 (also Croatian), the St. Barbara Lodge No. 39 (Greek Catholic) and the Dr. David Starcevich Lodge No. 56 (Croatian) belong to the organizations and ethnic groups represented in the cemetery. At least 24 nations are represented on the almost 5,000 graves.
Post-mining era
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Although Roslyn has a history of mining and logging, the city has become a destination for tourists and those seeking relaxation. The city experienced a real tourist boom when it was used as a film set for The Runner Stumbles and Alaska, of all places . The city's proximity to Seattle makes the city a popular holiday destination.
No fewer than 2,000 luxury homes are being built nearby that could potentially complement the old city's population. The forests, once managed by the Plum Creek Timber Company , have been sold to two development companies, which in turn are building a "golf course community" of houses and condominiums within the Roslyn boundaries. The new church is called Suncadia . As in other small towns that have been transformed by financially strong projects and external investment, a significant development spurt is expected for Roslyn.
The railroad lines in Roslyn were dismantled and replaced by the Coal Mines Trail , which runs from Cle Elum via Roslyn to Ronald. A walk on the trail gives the visitor a glimpse of the remains of the coal mines and the station buildings. The Roslyn Museum houses a large collection of photos and mining relics; it has an exhibition on Roslyn's unique ethnic cemetery.
Recreation and tourism have only recently become drivers of economic life. The business world needed to attract more visitors to the annual festivals. a. include the Manly Man Festival in June, the Pioneer Days Picnic, and the Coal Mining Festival with Coal Mining History Week in August.
Roslyn in the media
- The Runner Stumbles , a 1979 film starring Dick Van Dyke and Kathleen Quinlan , was shot in Roslyn. Numerous residents acted as extras. The film was directed and produced by Stanley Kramer and realized by Twentieth Century Fox . Viewers of the film who came to Roslyn often stopped at the Immaculate Conception Church , which was known from the film.
- For Ironically Alaska (1990-95), a successful television series by the CBS , the exterior shots of the fictional city of Cicely (Alaska) were filmed in Roslyn and the surrounding area. The opening sequence shows the Roslyn Cafe and an elk donated by Washington State University . Many residents played extras on the show, some also played minor roles. The relationship with Alaska of all places is a tourist magnet; many local stores use the series as the theme of their products.
- The band Bon Iver with the singer St. Vincent wrote and produced the song "Roslyn" in 2009, which is named after the city. The song is part of the soundtrack of the second episode of the Twilight saga , the film New Moon .
- The TV adaptation of the novel The Man in the High Castle by Philip K. Dick , a production of Amazon Studios , was shot in 2014 in Roslyn, which appears in the series as Canon City (Colorado).
geography
It is approximately 134 km (83 mi) - about an hour and twenty-five minutes - east-southeast of Seattle . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 11.32 km², which does not include water.
Demographics
| year | Residents¹ |
|---|---|
| 1890 | 1,484 |
| 1900 | 2,786 |
| 1910 | 3.126 |
| 1920 | 2,673 |
| 1930 | 2,063 |
| 1940 | 1,743 |
| 1950 | 1,537 |
| 1960 | 1,283 |
| 1970 | 1,031 |
| 1980 | 938 |
| 1990 | 869 |
| 2000 | 1,017 |
| 2010 | 893 |
| 2016 | 927 |
¹ 1890-2010:
2016 Census Results: United States Census Bureau estimate
2010 Census
As of the 2010 census , there were 893 residents, 437 households, and 224 families in Roslyn. The population density was 78.9 per km ². There were 648 housing units at a mean density of 57.3 per km².
The population was 95.1% white , 0.4% African American , 1.1% Indian , 0.6% Asian , 0.1% other "races" and 2.7 % % from two or more "races" . Hispanics or Latinos of "any race" made up 2.7% of the population.
Of the 437 households, 22.2% were housed by children under the age of 18, 39.8% were run by married couples living together , 8.5% by single mothers and 3% by single fathers; 48.7% were non-families. 39.6% of the households were singles and 13.1% were single persons over 65 years of age. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.73 people.
The median age in the city was 43.2 years. 18.4% of the population were under 18, 5.2% between 18 and 24, 29.1% between 25 and 44, 32.2% between 45 and 64 and 15.1 65 years or older. Of the population, 52.6% were men and 47.4% women.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 census , Roslyn had 1,017 residents, 467 households, and 249 families. The population density was 82.3 per km ². There were 623 housing units at an average density of 50.4 per km².
The population was 95.87% white , 0.79% African American , 1.38% American Indian , 0.39% Pacific islander , 0% other "races" and 1.57 % % from two or more "races" . Hispanics or Latinos of "any race" made up 1.38% of the population. According to their origin, 17.9% identified themselves as German , 15.9% as English , 10.3% as Irish , 7.1% as Norwegian , 6.6% as American , 5.7% as Croatian , 5, 7% as Scottish Irish and 5.1% as Italian .
Of the 467 households, 25.7% had children under the age of 18, 43.9% were run by married couples living together , 6.2% by single mothers; 46.5% were non-families. 37.9% of households were singles and 18.2% were single people over 65 years of age. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.89 people.
The median age in the city was 42 years. 21.9% of the population were under 18, 6.5% between 18 and 24, 26.9% between 25 and 44, 26.6% between 45 and 64 and 18, 65 years or older. There were 96 men for every 100 women, and 90.9 men for every 100 women over the age of 18.
All information on median income relates to the median. The median household income was US $ 35,313 compared to US $ 45,179 for families. Men had a median income of US $ 32,379 compared to US $ 25,625 for women. The per capita income was US $ 18,412. About 8.2% of families and 12.6% of the total population lived below the poverty line ; this affected 9.1% of those under 18 and 15.5% of those over 65.
Attractions in Roslyn
- Old City Hall & Library - Badly damaged in the 2001 Nisqually earthquake , the major public building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an anchor for the Roslyn Historic District . The City of Roslyn and the Friends of the Roslyn Library have decided on a joint reconstruction and renovation.
- Roslyn Museum - Located on Pennsylvania Avenue, the museum is a great display of equipment from the glory days of the mining era.
- Historic Coal Mines - For information about tours of the historic coal mines, visit the Roslyn Community Office on Pennsylvania Avenue and First Street. However, there are no tours into the mines.
- Roslyn Sunday Market - Every Sunday June through September, this farm and craft products market is located on Pennsylvania Avenue and features a selection of locally produced fruits, vegetables, arts, crafts, and local specialties.
- Immaculate Conception Church - Located on Idaho Street / "B" Street towering over Roslyn; this Roman Catholic church with its tower is an important landmark in the city. It was built in 1887; Masses are held on Sundays to this day. The church was featured in a few scenes in the 1979 film The Runner Stumbles .
- Storefront Studio - This annual project is a collaboration between the Roslyn Downtown Association and the University of Washington's Architecture Department . Every year (usually from April to May) a number of students work with employees from companies, the city and associations on real projects on small-scale architecture, planning, art in construction or landscaping. More information is available at the Roslyn Visitor Center .
- Coal Mines Trail - From nearby Cle Elum, the hiking and walking trail passes Roslyn before ending in Ronald. The trail follows the original route of the Northern Pacific Railway . There is an entrance at the east end of Pennsylvania Avenue.
- Coal Miners' Memorial - Opposite today's City Hall, this memorial commemorates the miners who lost their lives underground.
- Cicely's Gift Shop - Originally founded in 1989 in a 2.7 × 3.35 m² (9 '× 11') former coal scale in the back yard of a parcel on 2nd Street by Marianne Milos Ojurovich. In 1995, after the filming of Alaska , of all places , was finished, the store moved to its current location, the earlier set of “Dr. Fleischman's office ”, which has been preserved as original as possible.
- The Brick Tavern - Opened in 1889 by John Buffo and Peter Giovanni. The pub was rebuilt in 1898 using 45,000 bricks and has been called "The Brick" since then. It is considered to be the oldest continuously operated pub in Washington. The building was used as the backdrop for a fictional pub of the same name in the television series Alaska, of all things, in the 1990s.
- Roslyn Cemetery - Fields of the cemetery divided according to affiliation ( Knights of Labor , Elks , IOOF , Red Men etc.) and the country of origin (Croatia, Italy, Poland, Slovakia etc.) give a historical view of Roslyn.
- Ronald, Washington - About two miles (3.2 km) west of Roslyn, this town was located above Mine No. 3 , the scene of the strike and strike breaker of 1892.
- Cle Elum Lake & Salmon La Sac - Lake Cle Elum is a year-round popular recreational destination with opportunities for camping, hiking, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, boating, and wilderness activities. Salmon La Sac is a natural section of the Cle Elum River that is used for kayak races; it also serves as access to the nearby wilderness areas and landscapes.
See also
- John C. Shideler: Coal towns in the Cascades: a centennial history of Roslyn and Cle Elum, Washington . Melior Pubns, June 1, 1986, ISBN 978-0-9616441-0-9 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Population Estimates . United States Census Bureau . Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
- ↑ 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File . In: American FactFinder . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved September 20, 2012.
- ↑ Harry M. Majors: Exploring Washington . Van Winkle Publishing Co, November 1, 1975, ISBN 978-0-918664-00-6 , pp. 89-90.
- ↑ Goodloe, Trevor. " Roslyn, Washington (1886--) ". Retrieved January 19, 2018.
- ^ National Register Information System . In: National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service . Retrieved November 2, 2013.
- ^ National Register Information System . In: National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service . Retrieved November 2, 2013.
- ↑ Welch, Jack. "Hot Work." Columbia: The Magazine of Northwest History Winter 2013-2014: 4-10. Print.
- ↑ a b c W.D. Lyman: History of the Yakima Valley, Washington, Comprising Yakima, Kittitas and Benton Counties . The SJ Clarke Publishing Co., 1919, pp. 762-777.
- ↑ The Economist, Volume 379, Number 8481, pp. 30-31, June 10, 2006
- ↑ Pat Muir: Roslyn hopes new TV show brings 15 more minutes of fame . In: Yakima Herald , October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved on November 1, 2014.
- ↑ US Gazetteer files 2010 . United States Census Bureau . Archived from the original on January 24, 2012. Retrieved on December 19, 2012.
- ↑ United States Census Bureau : Census of Population and Housing . Retrieved July 21, 2014.
- ^ Population and Housing Unit Estimates . Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ American FactFinder . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved December 19, 2012.
- ↑ The Brick Tavern claims the title of the oldest continuously operating pub, which was founded in 1889 and has operated under the same name since 1898. According to its owners, the Bluebird Inn in Bickleton is the oldest working pub in Washington; it was founded in 1882, but operated under different names and has not been operated continuously since it was founded.
Web links
- City of Roslyn - Official Website (English)
- Roslyn Museum (English)
- Roslyn Public Library (English)
- Roslyn and the TV Show Northern Exposure , Curt Cass website
- Roslyn's Black History collection , 84 historical photographs from the late 19th century to the 1960s showing African American miners, settlers, and residents of the Roslyn mining community on the Central Washington University website. (English)
- Ellensburg History , 294 historical photographs from the late 19th through early 20th centuries showing Ellensburg and other Kittitas County communities including Roslyn on the Central Washington University website . (English)
- Roslyn Heritage , collection of historical photos and documents from the Roslyn Public Library . (English)