Reichensteiner Mountains

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Reichensteiner Mountains
The Kowadło mountain in the Reichensteiner Mountains

The Kowadło mountain in the Reichensteiner Mountains

Highest peak Smrk ( visible ) ( 1125  m nm )
location Czech Republic, Poland
part of Eastern Sudetes
Reichensteiner Mountains (Sudeten)
Reichensteiner Mountains
Coordinates 50 ° 15 ′  N , 17 ° 0 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 15 ′  N , 17 ° 0 ′  E
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The Reichensteiner Mountains within the geomorphological division of the Czech Republic and Poland

The Reichensteiner Mountains , formerly also Hundsrück or Fichtzug , ( Polish Góry Złote , Czech Rychlebské hory , formerly Czech Rychleby or Rychlebské pohoří ) is located in the east of the Glatzer Kessel . It got its name after the town of Złoty Stok (German: Reichenstein, Czech: Rychleby). The border between Poland and the Czech Republic runs along its main ridge .

Topographic description

The Reichensteiner Mountains extend from northwest to southeast. Its northwestern continuation is the Warthagebirge (Góry Bardzkie) , part of the Owl Mountains and in the east the Zuckmanteler Bergland . In the southeast it borders on the Jeseníky Mountains , to the southwest lies the Bielen Mountains . The Silesian plain with the wide valley of the Glatzer Neisse and its tributaries extends to the north and east . The Czech part of the mountains has recently become part of the Rychleby microregion .

Most of the mountain consists of coniferous forests, in some places you can also find beech forests. Wild boar and red deer can also be found in the region.

The highest mountain is the Smrk (Ficht) with a height of 1125.4  m nm . It is located in the extreme south of the mountains, the national border runs over its summit. The Postawna ( 1124  m nm ) peak, 2 km southwest of the Smrk, is the highest peak in the Bielengebirge .

One branch in the north is the Krautenwalder Bergland ( Travenská hornatina ) near Travná ( Krautenwalde ). In between, the Krautenwalder or Landecker Pass (Polish: Przełęcz Lądecka , Czech: Travenské sedlo ) leads through, which connected the towns of Lądek-Zdrój ( Bad Landeck ) and Javorník ( Jauernig ). In the south of the mountains two extensive foothills join to the east:

  • The Oberlindewieser Uplands ( Hornilipovská hornatina ), it extends north of Lipová-Lázně ( Bath Lindewiese ), in it is the stalactite cave at the Jeskyně Na Pomezí , which is partially accessible. The mark is an old pass from Lipová-lázně (Bad Lindewiese) to Vápenná ( Setzdorf ),
  • to the east, separated by the valley of the Vidnavka , the Nesselkoppenkamm, also the Hirschbadkamm ( Sokolský hřbet ) adjoins, it lies north of the town of Jeseník (Freiwaldau).

geology

Mainly crystalline slates are involved in the construction of the Reichensteiner Grundgebirge , especially gneiss , mica slate , hornblende slate and quartzite slate. Granites are the mass rock, but there are also other hard rocks such as syenites , diorites , gabbros and serpentinites . Diorites occur in the east of the Reichenstein Mountains and the Bielen Mountains. The oldest rocks are the occurring Para- and Orthogneises . These old layers were unfolded and granites, gabbros and peridotites were stored. These processes took place in the Lower Carboniferous . The tonalites of the Reichensteiner and Bielengebirge in the east also belong to this period . The Friedeberger Granite as the largest rock occurrence in this area is younger than the Tonalite. Furthermore, the Saubsdorf marble and marmur sławniowicki from Sławniowice (Groß-Kunzendorf) formed through the heat and pressure of the granite pluton from Žulová (Friedeberg).

Intensive mining was carried out in the Reichenstein Mountains until the 18th century, after which the deposits were exhausted.

Ore deposits

Copper was mined in the Melchior mine near Javorník (Jauernig) near Zlaté Hory (Zuckmantel); Copper pebbles were found in the arsenic ore deposit of Reichenstein and lead was also found in the Melchior adit and in the arsenic deposit, and also at Lutynia (Leuthen) near Bad Landeck. Zinc blende was found near Jauernig and Reichenstein, magnetite iron ore in the Bielen Mountains near Waldeck and Gościce (Gostitz), near Ondřejovice (Endersdorf) west of Zlaté Hory (Zuckmantel), Horní Údolí (Obergrund) and in Hraničná (Gränzgrund) southeast of Wildschütz . Hematite is located near Mikulovice u Jeseníku (Niklasdorf) and Endersdorf. Gold and silver were found at the latter two sites, and at Reichenstein in the arsenic deposit, west of the slag valley. This was the largest arsenic deposit in the area. Fluorspar was found near Kletno (Klessengrund) and asbestos in serpentinite in the skull near Jauernig and in Skorošice (Gurschdorf) near Petershof. Graphite occurred west of Bad Landeck, Leuthen and Jauernig.

Mineral sites

Quartz used to be mined near Kobylá nad Vidnavkou (Jungferndorf) and Stará Červená Voda (Old Red Water) and quartz crystals and geodes can be found in Friedeberger granite . Corundum was in the gabbro of Uhelná (Sörgsdorf). Olivine crystals are found in the basalt of Krautenwald near Jauernig and Walbeck and wollastonite is found in the limestone near the Kaltenštejn castle , as well as in this place Vesuvian . Epidote crystals , garnet , augite and fergusite are located on the church hill near Žulová (Friedeberg), tourmaline near Jauernig, andalusite near Krautenwalde.

Coal deposits are located in the Neisse foreland and near Lentsch.

Rock deposits

The economically most important natural stone in this area was the light gray, fine to medium-grained granite, which was quarried on a large scale in the 1930s in Friedeberg, Domsdorf, Schwarzwasser, Setzdorf, Jungferndorf, Buchsdorf, Velká Kraš (Groß-Krosse) and Rotwasser. Under a layer of overburden from ½ to 10 meters thick, building and construction stones and paving stones were extracted. In addition to the granite industry, there was also the marble industry, which was concentrated around the deposits near Saubsdorf and Groß-Kunzendorf. The marble quarries were mostly very small due to their thinness in contrast to the granite deposits. The natural stones were sold in the 1930s in Silesia, Moravia to Brno , Eastern Bohemia to Hradec Králové (Königgrätz), Poland, Holland, Belgium, England, South America, the Balkans and India.

The lime distillery, which was first mentioned in the area around Vápenná (Setzdorf) in 1787 with two stately lime kilns, was of great importance . 80 percent of the burnt lime was exported to Germany and the rest of 20 percent to Silesia, East Moravia and East Bohemia. Kaolin , which was extracted near Vidnava (Weidenau), had a certain importance for the porcelain industry .

Significant surveys

Georeferencing Map with all coordinates of the important elevations: OSM

Significant places

In Poland

In Czech Republic

Attractions

  • Rychleby Castle ruins from the 13th century
  • Devil's Pulpit - a bizarre red rock formation above the deep valley of the Račí stream
  • Hraničky - running meadows on the site of a former village, with ruins of old houses
  • Silver Brook Waterfalls (also called Nýzner Waterfalls) - a 15 meter high cascade
  • Na Pomezí cave - karst cave discovered in 1936
  • Perpendicular basalt rocks in Ułęże ( About Schaar ), southwest of Lutynia

literature

  • Ludwig Finckh, Gustav Götzinger : Explanations of the geological map of the Reichensteiner Mountains, the Nesselkoppenkamm and the Neisse foreland. (Sheet Weidenau-Jauernig-Ottmachau of the special map 1: 75,000, Zone 4, Col. XVI). Published by the Federal Geological Institute in Vienna. Austrian State Printing Office, Vienna 1931.

Web links

Commons : Reichensteiner Gebirge  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Reichenstein Mountains  - Travel Guide

See also