Saint Martin Church (Kroppenstedt)
The Sankt-Martin-Kirche is the Protestant church in the city of Kroppenstedt in Saxony-Anhalt .
architecture
The church building has an unusual, asymmetrical floor plan due to additions and alterations made in historical times . The oldest part of the church is the narrow, rectangular church tower to the west of the nave, the lower walls of which are from a previous Romanesque building that was consecrated to St. Martin in 1207 . Sound openings with an ogival shape are incorporated into the upper part of the tower, which was built later.
On the old tower wall there are the remains of an old relief depicting a crucifixion group .
The nave is built in the form of a hall church and its core dates from the end of the 15th century. The first written mention of the church dates back to 1483. The eastern end of the nave is designed as a five- eighth end. In addition to the main nave, which encompasses two bays , a north and a south aisle were built. Both side aisles were pulled forward by half a yoke to the west, so that they form a common western end with the western front of the tower. The northern nave was also lengthened by half a yoke to the east.
At the end of the 16th century, another south aisle was added to the south aisle to create more space for the increased number of church visitors. Like the previously existing south aisle, the annex also comprises two and a half bays, with each bay having its own transverse roof. For each of the three southern gables that were created in this way , an intricately designed facade in the Renaissance style with cornices , pilasters and volutes was created, which still significantly shape the external appearance of the church.
The portal with a keel arch and the windows are dated to the year 1593, but designed in a late Gothic form.
South of the main vessel is located on the east side of the first southern side of the vessel with a barrel vault provided Sakristei .
In 1616, the north aisle received two gates, presumably designed by Christoph Dehne in the baroque style . These portals, restored in 1993, were donated by the Sonnenberg brothers . The eastern portal, the so-called bridal door, has a richly carved door dated 1678. Both portals were originally framed by three figures each. A total of three figures are still preserved. The bride door is adorned with a statue of Matthew, the western door with Luke and John the Evangelists .
The roof of the nave is very steep and contains one and a half bays. The width of the two-bay choir corresponds to the width of the central nave.
The tower clock on the tower dates from 1919 and has a mechanical weekly movement . There is also a sundial attached to the church in the 16th century . The oldest bell in the tower dates from 1403. The 750 kg bronze bell also strikes the full hours. In 1699, the 130 kg, also made of bronze , quarter-hour bell was cast. In addition to these two historical bronze bells, there are also two steel bells made in 1928 in the tower, which were purchased as a replacement for bronze bells given for armament purposes during the First World War .
Interior design
The interior of the nave is flat covered over the arches of the arcades . The pillars are octagonal and were partly changed during the renovations in the Renaissance period. On the west side of the ship, in front of the tower, there is the organ gallery , on which the so-called Compenius Reubke organ is located. There are donor coats of arms on the gallery.
The choir is spanned by a ribbed vault. There are also remains of wall paintings in the choir. The large, multi-storey altar from 1693 is noteworthy. It is as high as the choir and has side passages and pries . Images depict the Lord's Supper, the Crucifixion and the Resurrection. The frames are designed as cartilage .
The final point is a relief depicting the Ascension of Christ . Carved figures on the altar cornices and above the passages are further decorations.
The slightly older pulpit dates from 1684, but is kept in a similar style. The pulpit with portraits of the four evangelists is carried by a figure representing Moses . Above everything is the inscription VERUM DOMIINI MANET IN AETERNUM (German: The word of God remains in eternity ).
The baptismal font dates from the year 1610 and was built in the same period as the organ and the major renovations of the church. It is made as a hexagonal sandstone basin. The decoration with reliefs made of alabaster is remarkable . One depicts Noah's Ark , another depicts the procession of the people of Israel through the Red Sea. Presumably these depictions were chosen because they also contain the motif of water. Further reliefs show the circumcision of Jesus in the temple, the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan , the blessing of children in the presence of his disciples and the sending out of the disciples.
The sandstone epitaph in the choir for the mayor of Kroppenstedt, Andreas Fischer, dates from the same period as the font . In its middle part it shows the family of the deceased in front of a crucifix . The sacrament house , which is also located in the choir, is significantly older . This was built around 1500 in the late Gothic style. It is crowned by an eyelash and bears the coat of arms of Archbishop Ernst von Magdeburg .
organ
A special feature of the Martinkirche is the double organ, which consists of two separate organs in one case and contains piping from the beginning of the 17th century.
history
In 1603 the organ builder Esaias Compenius the Elder was commissioned to build the organ on the recommendation of Joachim Johann Georg von der Schulenburg , senior of the Halberstadt cathedral monastery. The work, however, was slow. In 1604 the Kroppenstedt councilors locked Compenius in the detention cell of the Kroppenstedt town hall in order to achieve a faster processing. Although Compenius promised to deal with it quickly, it was not until 1613 that the organ was inaugurated. Von der Schulenburg often had to mediate between the contracting parties.
The organ was decorated with the coat of arms of Duke Heinrich Julius , the cathedral chapter and the city of Kroppenstedt. A few rows of pipes from the old organ of Magdeburg Cathedral were used to build the organ . The old cathedral organ was demolished in 1604 during the new construction by Heinrich Compenius the Younger .
After more than 200 years, the organ was considered too old-fashioned. In 1858 the well-known organ builder Adolf Reubke from Hausneindorf was commissioned to modernize the instrument. Reubke used the preserved original organ prospectus and four stops from Compenius and created an organ that was named "Compenius Reubke organ" after its two builders.
In the wake of World War I. However, in 1917 many of were tin -made pipes seized from the Compeniuszeit and melted down. A total of 122 kg of tin was delivered in this way, for which the parish received compensation of 768.60 marks . The pipes missing in the organ prospectus were replaced by a red cloth covering.
In 1958, the organ was to be adapted and modernized by Wilhelm Sohnle from Halberstadt. The aim was to bring the romantic sound that emerged after Reubke back to a baroque clarity. From today's perspective, the quality of the organ suffered from this modernization. In addition, there was further damage from the wood preservative Hylotox .
From 2002 the aim was to restore the organ again and to bring it back to the inventory from 1613/1858. The Danish organist Per Kynne Frandsen , who focused on this organ from 2002 until his death in 2005, and the Swedish organ restorer and Compenius researcher Mads Kjersgaard gave the decisive impetus for the start of the restoration. Kjersgarden made a reconstruction drawing in 1999. In the spring of 2007, an organ commission drew up an overall concept that would do justice to the two great builders of the organ and at the same time repair the damage caused in the 20th century. The work was carried out in 2013/2014 by Orgelbau Reinhard Hüfken , who installed a second console on the Rückpositiv, set up the four partially preserved Compenius registers in the Rückpositiv on a new wind chest and set a mid-tone tuning . The prospect pipes and other lost registers have been reconstructed in both organs. This created two different organs in one housing. The restoration project was controlled by a joint working group of the city of Kroppenstedt and the parish.
Reubke organ
The restored by Hüfken 2013/2014 Reubke organ has 20 stops on two manuals and pedals, mechanical grinding shop as well as a pitch master tuning.
The largely preserved Reubke organ has the following disposition :
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P
- Playing aids : 3 shut-off valves
- Calcant bell
- Remarks
- R = Reubke (1858)
- S = son (1958)
- H = Hüfken (2014)
Compenius organ
The “Compenius memorial organ” created in 2014 in the Rückpositiv houses the valuable pipe material from Compenius in four registers. In 2014, Hüfken added the missing pipes in the same construction and two principals , so that the organ has six registers. An empty loop is prepared for expansion for a reed part . The two wedge-shaped bellows can be operated manually from a limestone , optionally an electric fan can be switched on. The Compenius organ has the following disposition:
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- Remarks
- C = Compenius (1613)
- H = Hüfken (2014)
Rectory
To the northeast of the church, on the opposite side of the street, is the rectory (Kirchstrasse 16) . The rectory dates from 1611, is built on two floors from quarry stone and is covered by a large hipped roof. The very large parsonage, which is enclosed by a wall, also has a polygonal pigeon tower and a barn. The upper storey of the barn is built in half-timbering and rests on a broken stone base.
literature
- Ute Bednarz in Dehio - Handbook of German Art Monuments , Saxony-Anhalt I, Magdeburg District , Deutscher Kunstverlag Munich Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7 , page 498 ff.
- Rüdiger Pfeiffer and Hans Schoene, Selected Organs in the Bördekreis , leaflet, publisher: Landkreis Bördekreis, Oschersleben, December 2002
- Jürgen Vogel, Compenius Reubke Organ Kroppenstedt , leaflet
- anonymous, Welcome to the Kroppenstedter Martinikirche , leaflet
Individual evidence
- ↑ Vogel, Compenius Reubke Organ
- ↑ Compenius memorial organ at Orgelbau Reinhard Hüfken Halberstadt Restoration of the Reubke organ at Orgelbau Reinhard Hüfken
- ↑ a b Dispositions of the organs , accessed on November 20, 2017.
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 56 ′ 29.4 " N , 11 ° 18 ′ 16.2" E