Fürstenau Castle (Fürstenau)
Fürstenau Castle in Fürstenau is a former state castle of the Prince Diocese of Osnabrück , which was founded in the 14th century and in the 16th / 17th Served as the Prince-Bishop's residence in the 19th century . It is used as the administrative seat of the town and municipality of Fürstenau . In the south wing is the parish church of St. Katharina of the Catholic parish of Fürstenau, which belongs to the Osnabrück-Nord deanery of the Osnabrück diocese .
history
Former castles
Two earlier castle complexes have survived: A Fürstenberg castle , about which nothing is known, and a castle at the Segelfort (also Segelforth , sailing trip ) near the village of Settrup , which has belonged to Fürstenau since 1972 , about 3 kilometers southwest of the later castle. Prince-Bishop Ludwig von Ravensberg had the latter built around 1300 as a base for the north of his territory. This led to a dispute with Count Otto IV of Tecklenburg-Ibbenbüren , which ended in 1308 with the battle on the Haler field (near Halen ). As a result of the peace negotiations, the castle was razed .
The Stiftsburg
The Stiftsburg was built around 1335 under Prince-Bishop Gottfried von Arnsberg . The village of Fürstenau developed from the outer bailey to the east, and in 1402 it was elevated to a soft image . On a seal from this time, the castle is depicted as a keep with an adjoining house.
Initially secured with a pile , the castle was after several armed conflicts under Bishop Konrad III. von Diepholz (1455–1482) fortified with ramparts and ditches . Konrad IV von Rietberg (1482–1508) and Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (1508–1532) had additional buildings erected, which gave the complex increasingly the character of a castle . Johann IV von Hoya (1553–1574) had the fortifications expanded and gardens laid out. He chose Fürstenau as his permanent residence and made the castle the main fortress of the Prince Diocese of Osnabrück in 1556.
During the Thirty Years' War , Fürstenau was taken several times by Protestant troops from 1633 onwards, but initially it was always retaken by the imperial forces . In June 1647 the castle was handed over to the Swedes after a one week siege. After the war, Fürstenau lost its importance both as a fortress and as a seat of government. The prince-bishops now resided in Iburg or later in the newly built Osnabrück Castle . Fürstenau Castle fell into disrepair in the period that followed. Around 1750 the city walls were removed and the moat was drained.
After the incorporation of the Principality of Osnabrück into the Kingdom of Hanover , the south wing of the palace with the keep was converted into a parish church for the Catholic community founded in 1789 and consecrated to St. Catherine. The Fürstenau District Court and service apartments were housed in the other wings . The administration of the integrated community has been located there since 1977 .
description
The castle complex is almost square plan of moats surrounded and was originally only accessible by a bridge from the east. In the four corners there are remains of roundels . In the north-east and south-west there were round, multi-storey bastions that were connected to the main building by underground passages. Round earthworks existed in the northwest and southeast corners . The northeast bastion, built around 1527, has been restored and has been open to the public since 1993.
The castle building is located in the middle of the complex and consists of four wings and the keep . The north, east and south wings were made of quarry stone in the mid-16th century in the Renaissance style . On the wall of the south wing facing the inner courtyard there is a coat of arms of Prince-Bishop Johann IV. Von Hoya with the year 1555. The windows were changed in the baroque period . The west wing was added in 1974, it was built on the foundations of the old battlement .
In the east wing (gate wing) a round arched portal forms the passage into the inner courtyard. Above the portal there is a gable roof with the coat of arms of Prince-Bishop Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1574–1585), in the passage there is a barrel vault .
The keep stands on its own foundation on the west side of the south wing and is also made of quarry stone. A coat of arms of Bishop Konrad III. von Diepholz bears the year 1473. The tower dome dates from 1630.
Of the farm buildings , which were within the castle complex, two are half-timbered houses get east of the gate, as stables served. North of the north wing is the former prison, built in 1720, which was used as a prison for the local court until 1971 . It was restored in 2002.
The castle church
The parish church of St. Katharina is located in the south wing of the castle. The keep serves as the church tower , the sacristy is located on the ground floor of the former castle chapel . In 1924 a side aisle was added to the south and the Katharinenkirche was expanded to a two-aisled hall church . There is a baptistery in the aisle . In 1988 the church was renovated.
The older furnishings include the baroque high altar and communion bench from around 1700, which come from the secularized Franciscan monastery in Rheine and were heavily modified in 1900 by the carpenter Heinrich Mensing. The Pietà was also made from sandstone around 1700 , like that of the Malgarten monastery, probably by Thomas Simon Jöllemann . The pulpit was made around 1760-1770, and several figures of saints and a relief showing the baptism of Christ date from the 18th century . In the east wall of the sacristy there is a chimney marked 1574 . The celebration altar and ambo were purchased in 1989 for the 200th anniversary of the parish. In the tower there is a four-part bronze bell from the Otto bell foundry from Bremen-Hemelingen, which cast these bells in 1948. The bell has a total weight of 3310 kg. The bells sound on d '- f sharp' - a '_h'. The diameters of the bells are: 1355 mm, 1074 mm, 904 mm, 805 mm. In addition, Otto delivered a small G sharp '' 'bell with a diameter of 344 mm and a weight of 25 kg to Fürstenau in 1965.
literature
- Rudolf vom Bruch: The Knights' Seats of the Principality of Osnabrück , Osnabrück 1930, p. 319 ff.
- Georg Dehio (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , Bremen / Lower Saxony, new editing, heavily exp. Ed., Munich / Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-422-03022-0 , p. 480 f.
- Arnold Nöldeke : The art monuments of the province of Hanover , IV. Administrative region Osnabrück, 3. The districts of Wittlage and Bersenbrück (issue 13 of the complete work), Hanover 1915, p. 119 ff.
Web links
- Entry by Stefan Eismann about Schloss Fürstenau in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g v. Bruch, p. 319 ff.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Nöldeke, p. 121 ff.
- ↑ a b c d Samtgemeinde Fürstenau: Catholic Church
- ↑ a b Samtgemeinde Fürstenau: Schlossinsel
- ↑ a b c d e f Dehio, p. 480 f.
- ↑ Samtgemeinde Fürstenau: Nord-Ost-Bastion ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Samtgemeinde Fürstenau: official prison ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, here in particular 544, 560 .
- ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, shown using the example of the bell foundry Otto, Hemelingen / Breme . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, here in particular pp. 502, 515 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 58 ″ N , 7 ° 40 ′ 22 ″ E