Wallerode Castle

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Entrance north side
Residential building

Wallerode Castle is a castle in Wallerode , Schlossstrasse 17, a district of Sankt Vith in the German-speaking Community in Belgium . It lies at an altitude of around 515  m . The complex was probably built in the Middle Ages . Expanded like a castle in the 17th century, it was subsequently changed and expanded several times. Since 1841 it has been owned by the "von Frühbuss" family from Sorau in Niederlausitz .

history

prehistory

The name of the village Wallerode already has its origins. It goes back to a clearing which, according to Heinrich Neu, probably took place in the 10th or 11th century not far from the large, east-west direction via Sankt Vith. It must have been made before 1157, because this year it appears as "Wallenrode" or "Waltenroth" in the definition of the wilderness area of ​​the Archbishops of Cologne. The landlady was the abbey in Malmedy , on whose initiative the clearing is probably due. A manor with associated bailiwicks ( fiefdoms ) was created. The location was significant, which is also evidenced by the naming in the description of the wild ban. A permanent house emerged from the courtyard, which in the end must have served to control the named east-west connection.

Before 1350, Johann von Valkenburg, as Vogt of Sankt Vith, began to fortify the town, which meant that the courtyard, which was already fortified at that time, lost its importance as a road block. Apparently a ministerial family lived at Wallerode Castle, who, as Meier, managed the Wallerode court. For the year 1365 there is a Peter von Walderait, who was a Burgmann at Schönecken and who had the Manderscheider rafter in his coat of arms , so he must have been connected to this family. Whether he was a member of the family resident in the Wallerode permanent house and named himself after this, as is customary, can only be guessed.

In 1405, the bailiwick came to the house of Nassau and the Count of Vianden , Engelbert I of Nassau-Dillenburg, through the rule of Sankt Vith . His son and legal successor, Johann IV. Von Nassau-Dillenburg enfeoffed Johann von Enschringen with extensive farm and land holdings on April 27, 1451 to “Waldenrad”: 13 bailiffs including accessories and half the mill. From the von Enschringen family, which probably followed the von Wallerode family, ownership then passed to the von Bolich (also Boulich). On June 21, 1571, Peter von Mansfeld, as governor of Luxembourg - William I of Orange-Nassau was in dispute with the sovereign of the Duchy of Luxembourg Philip II of Spain - received a fiefdom from Wilhelm von Bolich about feudal goods at Wallerode. It remains to be seen when the von Bolich came into the possession of Wallerode, but at least in part it came to them as a pledge. This emerges from a document dated August 3, 1664, according to which Johann Heinrich Baring from Prüm acquired the property in the Amel and Thommen courts pledged by the von Enschringen family to the von Boulichs. In detail, Johann Bertram von Boulich and his wife Magdalene von und zu Schüller sold all pensions, fiefs and their allodial goods relating to the Amel and Thommen farms, just as they accepted them from the von Enschringen as pledge. On the following August 24th, Philipp Arnold, Johann Bertram's brother, also transferred his share to Baring.

Johann Heinrich Baring, who in 1664 as mayor of the yard Amel is evidence comes from a family that in 1569 in the person of John Baring, Kurtrier top and high court juror to Prüm occurs first. In the course of the 18th century, descendants of Johann Heinrich Baring provided the rent masters and governors of Sankt Vith and held part of the Amel farm.

1664 to 1841

According to the tradition, as also reproduced by the art monuments of Eupen-Malmedy , Baring had Wallerode Castle built in 1650, whereas Oidtman states that Baring was rentmaster and governor of the lordship of Sankt Vith and Bütgenbach that year. From this it can in turn be concluded that the Baring family acquired the existing manor house in 1650 or in previous years. Heinrich Neu concludes, however, that the change of ownership did not take place until 1664, that Johann Heinrich Baring found an old manor house and had it rebuilt and expanded. The acquisition was probably one of the considerations to meet all requirements for elevation to the imperial knighthood.

Johann Heinrich Baring, the son of the same name of the builder of Wallerode Castle, was born on September 2, 1717 by Emperor Karl VI. under the surname "von Baring zu Wallerode" raised to the rank of Imperial Knight. Among his three well-known children are the Canon of St. Florin in Koblenz , Emmerich von Baring zu Wallerode, Anna Johanna von Baring zu Wallerode who married Georg Friedrich August von Montigny zu Schloss Bracht and her grandson Franz Ludwig Eugen Freiherr von Montigny from 1842 to 1842 1853 was the district administrator of the Malmedy district and Peter Benignus von Baring zu Wallerode. The latter, named as the owner in 1745, was married to Antonia von Dhaem. Her family continued to run Wallerode Castle with their son Philipp Ignaz, who died in 1818, and his two sons Peter Benignus, who died in 1813 as a 25-year-old guard and Florence, Mayor of Meyerode . Florence von Baring zu Wallerode died on August 16, 1818 when he fell down a flight of stairs after a dinner and suffered a broken neck . As a result, Wallerode Castle was sold in 1819 to Therese Cavens, who came from a Malmedyer family, whose initials TC could still be found on some boundary stones in the 1930s .

From 1841: the Frühbuss family

The former colonel and now mayor of Malmedy, Ernst von Frühbuss , acquired the castle and lands in 1841. In 1840/1841 he was provisional district administrator for the Malmedy district for a short time before Franz Ludwig Eugen Freiherr von Montigny replaced him as the permanent district administrator until 1853. According to the district ordinance of 1827 and the regulations, it was essential for a district administrator to have their own extensive and significant real estate in the district due to the choice of district administrator candidates and district deputies, so that the purchase of the castle was an option. From 1853 until his death in 1864, Frühbuss was a district administrator himself, and in 1861 King Wilhelm I of Prussia elevated him to hereditary nobility. From 1883 to 1888 he was to be followed by his son Oswald and after this in 1894 his son Max von Frühbuss (born in Malmedy on August 3, 1883; died on March 23, 1940 at Wallerode Castle). Before the First World War , 322  hectares belonged to Wallerode. Max's son, Ernst von Frühbuss (1921–2004), dealt with the management of the estate again, like his ancestors, with local politics . The descendants of the family continue to live in Wallerode Castle.

architecture

Heinrich Neu discovered numerous drawings from the 18th century in the British Museum in London around 1970 , including one from Wallerode Castle, which he attributes to the work of the Spa-born painter Remacle le Loup (1708–1746).

Wallerode Castle presents itself to the viewer as a closed complex. Its main building, the two-storey mansion with a raised hipped roof in the north-western corner of seven to two axes , was built in the traditional form in the middle of the 18th century . At the rear, a building with a baroque roof was added to the manor house in the early 18th century, which existed until the end of the Second World War in 1945. In the early 1970s, Heinrich Neu subjected the entire complex to an in-depth examination, particularly on the basis of the newly discovered illustration from the first half of the 18th century. The inspection of the cellars under the manor house led to the conclusion that the house visible in the illustration continues to exist in the existing masonry. This rectangular house, which appears narrower than it is today, apparently rose as a freestanding tower. Comparable to Haus Raaff near Eynatten , it was a residential tower that was often found in the Middle Ages. With a similar floor plan to Haus Raaff and similar to this protruding, round corner tower. In at least two construction periods, the respective lords of the castle in the 15th and 16th centuries obviously expanded the narrow tower-like house into a two-winged castle, in keeping with the taste of the baroque, and also relocated the kitchen to the newly listed wing, as indicated by a fountain.

A complete redesign took place in 1841 in the course of the transition to Ernst von Frühbuss. After the changes, Heinrich Neu found pointed arched windows on the ground floor in the 1930s and older rectangular windows on the upper floor. In the middle, a 19th century staircase leads to the entrance. The ogival door was still framed by the original frame with its simply decorated pilasters . The curved gable took up the coat of arms of the Baring - von Dhaem couple.

In the years 1906 and 1929 Max left of Frühbuss the farm buildings reschedule and formerly sloping terrain of the courtyard leveled. The long, two-storey wing with four axes that adjoins the manor house to the southwest was renewed on the garden side in the 19th century. On the court side, it was presented to Heinrich Neu in the forms from the time it was built in the 17th century, but according to Heinrich Neu's last investigations even from the 16th, if not 15th century. On the east side of this wing and directly adjacent to the manor house, there is a raised entrance of more recent origin. In addition to its lintel, the Baring - Montigny double coat of arms. The south-west of the two-wing farm building takes up a round-arched passage. The northeast wing is one of the new buildings built in 1929. In front of the north gate to the right of the manor house a round fountain tower and not far a two-storey round tower , which at the same time represents the end of the lining wall on the garden side . Both towers date from the 17th century and have curved conical hoods .

The interior underwent various changes before Heinrich Neu took it in in the 1930s. The chapel , which was occupied according to a visitation report from 1744, was no longer there, instead a “spacious entrance hall with a double baluster staircase ”. The furnishings saw well-preserved Rococo furniture , but also individual pieces from the 17th century.

Personalities

Web links

literature

  • Wallerode Castle. In: Heribert Reiners (arrangement and ed.) With the collaboration of Heinrich Neu : Die Kunstdenkmäler von Eupen-Malmedy. L. Schwann Verlag, Düsseldorf 1935 (reprint of Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann, Düsseldorf 1982, ISBN 3-590-32117-2 ), p. 473 f.
  • Heinrich Neu: The Wallerode Castle. From the medieval castle house to the baroque castle. Simons, Sinzig 1973.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Neu: The Wallerode Castle. From the medieval castle house to the baroque castle. Simons, Sinzig 1973, p. 3.
  2. ↑ a b Heinrich Neu: The Wallerode Castle. From the medieval castle house to the baroque castle. Simons, Sinzig 1973, p. 4.
  3. ^ Heinrich Neu: The Wallerode Castle. From the medieval castle house to the baroque castle. Simons, Sinzig 1973, p. 5.
  4. ^ A b c Herbert M. Schleicher: Ernst von Oidtman and his genealogical-heraldic collection in the University Library in Cologne. Volume 1. Folder 1–85. ACHATIUS – BESENDRIESCH. (Publications of the West German Society for Family Studies , Cologne, New Series No. 58). Cologne 1992, pp. 479-485. (Folder 50 Baring by Wallerode).
  5. ^ Wallerode Castle. In: Heribert Reiners (arrangement and ed.) With the collaboration of Heinrich Neu: Die Kunstdenkmäler von Eupen-Malmedy. L. Schwann Verlag, Düsseldorf 1935 (reprint of Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann, Düsseldorf 1982, ISBN 3-590-32117-2 ), p. 473.
  6. ^ Heinrich Neu: The Wallerode Castle. From the medieval castle house to the baroque castle. Simons, Sinzig 1973, p. 5 f.
  7. ↑ a b Heinrich Neu: The Wallerode Castle. From the medieval castle house to the baroque castle. Simons, Sinzig 1973, p. 6.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f Wallerode Castle. In: Heribert Reiners (arrangement and ed.) With the collaboration of Heinrich Neu: Die Kunstdenkmäler von Eupen-Malmedy. L. Schwann Verlag, Düsseldorf 1935 (reprint of Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann, Düsseldorf 1982, ISBN 3-590-32117-2 ), p. 473 f.
  9. ^ Horst Romeyk : The leading state and municipal administrative officials of the Rhine Province 1816–1945 (=  publications of the Society for Rhenish History . Volume 69 ). Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-7585-4 , p. 453 .
  10. ^ Horst Romeyk : The leading state and municipal administrative officials of the Rhine Province 1816–1945 (=  publications of the Society for Rhenish History . Volume 69 ). Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-7585-4 , p. 638 .
  11. ^ Horst Romeyk : The leading state and municipal administrative officials of the Rhine Province 1816–1945 (=  publications of the Society for Rhenish History . Volume 69 ). Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-7585-4 , p. 137 f .
  12. ↑ Death note from Max von Frühbuss ajuf wgff.de, accessed on January 19, 2016.
  13. ^ Herbert M. Schleicher: Ernst von Oidtman and his genealogical-heraldic collection in the University Library in Cologne. Volume 6. Folder 423-518. FISCHENICH-GRUBEN. (Publications of the West German Society for Family Studies , Cologne, New Series No. 70). Cologne 1994, p. 252 f. (Folder 458 Frühbuhs).
  14. ↑ http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/DEU-SCHLESIEN/2004-06/1086426601
  15. ^ Heinrich Neu: The Wallerode Castle. From the medieval castle house to the baroque castle. Simons, Sinzig 1973, p. 7.
  16. ^ Heinrich Neu: The Wallerode Castle. From the medieval castle house to the baroque castle. Simons, Sinzig 1973, p. 9.
  17. ↑ a b Heinrich Neu: The Wallerode Castle. From the medieval castle house to the baroque castle. Simons, Sinzig 1973, p. 10.

Coordinates: 50 ° 17 ′ 48.7 "  N , 6 ° 9 ′ 19.4"  E