Reuland Castle

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Reuland Castle
Reuland Castle (2006)

Reuland Castle (2006)

Creation time : around 1100 to 1200
Castle type : Höhenburg, location
Conservation status: ruin
Standing position : Free nobles
Place: Burg-Reuland
Geographical location 50 ° 11 ′ 44.5 "  N , 6 ° 8 ′ 4"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 11 ′ 44.5 "  N , 6 ° 8 ′ 4"  E
Reuland Castle (Liège)
Reuland Castle

The Burg Reuland is one of the largest ruins of the Eifel . The ruins of the hilltop castle are located in Burg-Reuland in the German-speaking part of East Belgium . A castle festival takes place there every year on the second weekend in July.

history

From archaeological investigations showed that the castle square was used in the 10th century. The Romans had already built a permanent castle where only the castle ruins still stand today . The oldest found foundations date back to the 12th century, when the castle served as a residence for the noble family "von Rulant". In the 13th century was Burgbering present which by a moat was surrounded. A tower already existed in the northwest corner. In the 14th century the Bering was rebuilt and the keep was built.

In 1148 the lords of Reuland were mentioned in a document. A son of Walter von Reuland is called there “Filio di Walteri de Rulant”. Theodorich von Reulant took part in the crusade of Emperor Friedrich I and fell in 1189 in front of Acre . In 1313 the Reuland family died out. The castle then passed to the Lords of Blankenheim , who sold it in 1322 to Johann the Blind , Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia . Wenzel von Luxemburg gave the Reuland castle along with the dignity of hereditary chamber of the House of Luxemburg in 1384 as a fief to Edmund von Engelsdorf . The office of the Luxembourg treasurer was held by the von Reuland until the dissolution of the Anciens regime .

Around 1414, after the marriage of Werner II von Palants, Lord zu Breitenbend , with Averadis (Elverad) von Engelsdorf, Reuland Castle came into the possession of the von Palant family . This had semicircular gun turrets built from the middle of the 15th century .

After the childless death of Gerhard von Palant around 1489, there was a dispute over the inheritance between his widow Johanna von Bodberg and her sister-in-law Margarete von Palant. In 1492 Maximilian I ended the dispute as feudal lord of Luxembourg by enfeoffing the Margrave Christoph I of Baden with land of reulence; Johanna von Bodberg received a right of residence. Agnes von Palant, daughter of Thonis von Palant and niece of Gerhard von Palant, married the Hessian knight Ambrosius von Viermund in 1499 . Hereditary claims were later also asserted for their son Johann I von Viermund .

1502 was Thonys (Anton) von Palant, the natural son of an unknown "brother in law" by Daem (Adam) from Harffs by Christoph von Baden with Burg Reuland unterbelehnt . Daem von Harff, Drost von Brüggen , who had campaigned for the enfeoffment, was married to Katharina von Palant, Mistress von Weisweiler , a daughter of Daem von Palant and Catharina Gryn (Grein).

In 1526, through the mediation of Archduke Ferdinand , a settlement was reached between Margrave Philipp von Baden and the guardians of Johann I von Viermund over the rule of Reuland .

Reuland Castle

Part of the lordship and the Reuland family had already come into the possession of the von Hoemen families and later into the possession of Wilhelm IV von Vlodrop through the marriage of Margaretha von Palant to Johann von Hoemen, Burgrave of Odenkirchen . His son Balthasar von Flodrop, Herr zu Odenkirchen und Leuth, left his share of Reuland in 1560/61 to his daughter Odilia and her husband Carsilius V. von Palant, Herr zu Ruyff and Breitenbend . Dietrich II von Millendonck and Drachenfels, another descendant of Johann von Hoemen, was co-lord of Reuland in 1549. His daughter Elisabeth von Millendonck married Balthasar von Pallandt, the son of Carsilius V von Palant, in 1589, so that the Palantschen shares in Reuland were united. The tomb of the two is in the Reulander parish church of St. Stephanus.

From the second half of the 16th century, the fortification became a manorial residence.

The last descendant Ottilia von Pallandt-Reuland died in 1666 and the last heir in 1736. After that, a caretaker lived in the castle before it was destroyed in 1794 by a fire started by French troops. In 1830 the facility was sold for demolition and came into the possession of the Mayeres family in Reuland, who later gave it away to the community. The Prussian Rhine Province carried out the first restorations on the complex from 1901 to 1902 .

The Belgian state bought the castle grounds in 1923 in order to build an air defense position on it. In 1986 he also acquired the castle, which was placed under monument protection in 1980 and has been gradually restored since 1988.

investment

Today's ruin is only a small part of the former castle complex. Its perimeter wall, made of slate-containing sandstone and reinforced by five towers, encloses an area measuring 60 by 55 meters; the former courtyard. The castle fountain located there has disappeared, as has the weir moat to the north , which is now filled in. The same is true of the mighty walls that used to enclose the outer courtyard and extend into the Ulftal. They also no longer exist. A large part of the three-storey keep in the south-west corner has been preserved because it was partially rebuilt in 1901. Its 1.25 meter thick walls probably collapsed for the first time in 1616. The remains of chimneys can still be seen inside the round tower .

The southeast corner of the castle area is formed by a bastion , which has a coat of arms stone in the upper part. This shows the coat of arms of the Pallandt-Myllendonck family and the year 1604.

The location of the castle chapel, which was vouched for in 1795 , is no longer visible today. Today's pharmacy in Burg-Reuland used to be the castle house.

literature

  • Luc Francis Genicot (Ed.): Le grand livre des châteaux de Belgique . Volume 1. Vokaer, Brussels 1975, p. 209.
  • Fabrice MJ Müllender: The coat of arms of the Reuländer Urbars. A heraldic-genealogical consideration . Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2011, ISBN 978-3-8423-7507-9 .

Web links

Commons : Burg Reuland  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gisela Meyer: The Palant Family in the Middle Ages (= publications of the Max Planck Institute for History . Volume 202). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, p. 206.
  2. ↑ Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe, inventory 36: Baden Generalia, No. 2602 and 2603.
  3. ^ Johann Christian Sachs : Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravlichen old princely house of Baden . Third part. Lotter, Carlsruhe 1769, p.  171 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ↑ See the Lehnsrevers by Balthasar von Flodrop and Dietrich von Millendonck in the Archives nationales du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (AX-23-128).
  5. ↑ Information according to the information board on site
  6. ↑ LF Genicot: Le grand livre des châteaux de Belgique , p. 209.