Schorlemer (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Schorlemer

Schorlemer is the name of an old Westphalian noble family . The lords and barons of Schorlemer belong to the most important families of the Westphalian nobility.

history

The family was first mentioned in a document in 1217 with Reinfridus de Scurlemere , a colonizer of Wendish Baltic Sea areas around Lübeck and Ratzeburg . The family is named either after a place in the Lippstadt area that can no longer be located today , where it has been based since the 13th century, or after the Schörmel near Sendenhorst in the Münsterland (see below, possible origin in Sendenhorst ).

Since the 13th century, the Lords of Schorlemer owned the Friedhardtskirchen rule with the estates Overhagen , Hellinghausen and Herringhausen (today all districts of Lippstadt ).

Well-known members of the family emerged, such as the so-called Westphalian peasant king Burghard Freiherr von Schorlemer-Alst , economist, parliamentarian and founder and head of the Westphalian farmers' association , and his son, the Prussian Agriculture Minister Clemens Freiherr von Schorlemer-Lieser .

Lines

In the 14th century, several lines appeared under the names Klusener , von Erwitte (not to be confused with the original noble family of the same name, von Erwitte ) and Stenhule . From the 15th century, three major lines developed from the Schorlemer tribe on the manors Overhagen , Herringhausen and Hellinghausen near Lippstadt , the latter with the branches Oberhellinghausen and Niederhellinghausen since the 16th century. The Overhagen line was already extinguished in the 18th century, the Hellinghausen line in the 19th century. In the course of time, members of the Herringhausen line succeeded in reuniting all three manors in one hand. The title of baron carried by the sex under customary law found Prussian recognition in 1844 .

Herringhausen line

Herringhausen Castle in Lippstadt-Herringhausen 1837

Around 1800 the family lines, which were divided into four sons around 1450, partly died out again. Thus the goods Hellinghausen (Nieder- and Oberhellinghausen) and Overhagen fell to the remaining Herringhausen line. The family property was thus reunited.

Friedrich Clemens Freiherr von Schorlemer (1815–1885) was the first-born son of Friedrich Wilhelm von Schorlemer (1786–1849) and founded the new Herringhausen branch. Hellinghausen Castle was demolished after a fire in 1848. His inheritance to Overhagen, Herringhausen and Hellinghausen was the first-born son Friedrich (1842–1921); his son Friedrich Ludwig (1878–1948) became his heir. Klemens Freiherr von Schorlemer (1932–2012) then inherited from his father. He had been married to Anna-Elisabeth Countess von Mensdorff-Pouilly (* 1932) since 1966 . After the death of Klemens, his son Friedrich Freiherr von Schorlemer (* 1971) took over the inheritance.

Friedrich Clemens' brother Wilhelm von Schorlemer (1821–1884) became an officer, district administrator and politician. He bought Gut Vehr as his residence . He was a member of the Reichstag (1880 to 1884) and the Prussian House of Representatives (1879 to 1882).

The youngest brother Burghard von Schorlemer-Alst also became a politician and is known as the "Westphalian peasant king". He was the founder of the " Westphalian Farmers' Association " and initiator of the rural cooperative movement in Westphalia and, as a member of the Reichstag, a significant opponent of Bismarck's politics in the Kulturkampf . In 1852 he acquired the Alst manor near Horstmar. His son Clemens Freiherr von Schorlemer-Lieser (1856-1922) acquired the Schloss Lieser winery on the Moselle in 1895 and became President of the Prussian Province of Silesia and the Rhine Province and from 1910 to 1917 Prussian Minister of Agriculture.

Possessions

Overhagen Castle and Herringhausen Castle have remained in the family to this day, as has Gut Hellinghausen, whose castle, built around 1650, burned down around 1820 and was not rebuilt; the preserved gatehouse is still inhabited. In addition, family branches include the Wasserburg Volperhausen in the Rhineland and the manor Lonne near Bramsche as well as the Gut Grundhof in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg .

Haus Alst bei Horstmar remained in the family's possession from 1852 to 1935, Gut Vehr bei Quakenbrück from 1876 to 1929, Gut Schlichthorst near Merzen until the 1980s and the Schloss Lieser winery on the Moselle from 1895 to 1981, including the associated winery in Zeltingen - Great .

Possible origin in Sendenhorst

The von Schorlemer family could have their origin and ancestral seat in Schörmel, northeast of the Sendenhorst settlement in the Münsterland. However, the family has left no traces in documents pertaining to the area around Sendenhorst. It gained historical importance outside of the Münsterland, since the 13th century especially in the Lippstadt area, where, however, no mansion of this name is documented.

Excavations in the "Großer Hof" corridor east of Sendenhorst revealed an upper courtyard of the bishopric of Münster . The manor in the Schörmel , lat. "Scurilingis miri" ( hemlock ) - the first bearer of the family's name appears under the name de Scurlemere - was a high medieval knightly court that was different from the usual courts of that time due to its structural shape and, above all, the finds of the rural population. Parts of the found material - two bone figures from a game of chess (queen, pawn) and two elaborately crafted Tric-Trac stones - testify to the outstanding status of its residents.

If this property was the eponymous ancestral seat of the family, then the Schorlemers seem to have sought income and livelihood from foreign lords and not from the episcopal sovereign, because documents name them as knights and castle men in the wake of the Counts of Arnsberg and Ravensberg. They acquired goods in the vicinity of Lippstadt and Soest and also became citizens of these cities as well as in Geseke and Osnabrück . Other, originally East Westphalian aristocratic families such as von Retberg and von Quernheim were wealthy in the Sendenhorst area in the 14th century.

The Schorlemer from Friedhardtskirchen have an inclined alternating battlement beam in their coat of arms. With exactly this coat of arms seal in the 14./15. Century the members of a family with the nickname Mule (= Maul), who appear in documents on estates in the Elmenhorst peasantry (in the parish of Sendenhorst ) and in the neighboring churches . At times they were episcopal judges and Burgmanns at Wolbeck . This coats-of-arms with a family that can be proven to be resident here speaks for an origin of the Schorlemer in the Schörmel .

The formerly independent rural community Sendenhorst , the parish, chose the coat of arms of the Schorlemer-Mule for its community coat of arms in 1938.

Colonizers in the Baltic Sea Region

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The Schorlemers were probably related to the von Warendorf family, also from Westphalia , whose headquarters Warendorf is in the immediate vicinity of Sendenhorst (see above, possible origin in Sendenhorst ). In any case, both families were significantly involved in the colonization and settlement of the area between the Elbe and the Baltic Sea. We know from Giselbert von Warendorf that he belonged to the consortium of long-distance trade merchants and nobles that founded Lübeck in 1156 , of which he was one of the first mayors. Ludolf and Reinfried von Schorlemer are mentioned at the end of the 12th century as truchess, bailiffs or drosten of the Counts of Ratzeburg (south of Lübeck). Reinfried the Younger was a successful settlement entrepreneur, a locator who planned villages, recruited settlers and assigned arable land on behalf of his count's master. One can assume that Reinfried also recruited willing settlers from his family's home, at least the majority of the settlers came from Westphalia. Reinfried von Schorlemer founded no fewer than ten villages in the area, which was only sparsely populated by the Slavic Wends, near Lauenburg , near Schwarzenbek , on the Schaalsee and south of Lübeck.

As soldiers of war, the Schorlemers fought on the side of the Counts of Holstein against the Danes. Reinfried von Schorlemer fought in the contingent of the north German princes who inflicted a crushing defeat on the Danish king Waldemar II near Bornhöved on July 22nd, 1227 . Bornhöved restricted Danish rule to the Eider border. In a first contract, Reinfried and the Count of Schwerin vouched for the imprisoned Danish king. Towards the end of the 13th century we meet members of the Schorlemer family in Lübeck, for the last time Reynfridus Scorlemorle in 1296.

coat of arms

Schorlemer coat of arms

The main coat of arms shows a slanting silver pinnacle bar in red. On the helmet with its red and silver covers are three golden shawms with five green rooster feathers on top.

Burghard Freiherr von Schorlemer-Alst (1825–1895), founder of the Westphalian farmers' association, chairman of the Center Party in the Prussian state parliament, member of the Reichstag
Clemens Freiherr von Schorlemer-Lieser (1856–1922), Prussian Minister of Agriculture

Name bearer

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

From: Heinrich Petzmeyer: Sendenhorst - history of a small town in the Münsterland . Pp. 50-52

  1. ^ Westphalian document book VII 134
  2. ↑ For the interpretation of the name cf. the relevant works: HERMANN JELLINGHAUS, The Westphalian place names according to their basic words. Osnabrück 1923. ADOLF BACH, German name customer. II I u. 2, the German place names. Heidelberg 1954. FORSTEMANN-JELLINGHAUS, Old German name book. Volume 2, 1913. Maurits-Gysseling, Toponymisch Woordenboek van Belgie, Nederland. Luxembourg. Nordfrankrijk enWest-Duitsland (voor 1226). Brüissel 1960. Also; SCHMiIDER, the localities of the province of Westphalia up to the year 1300 (Münster. Contributions to historical research III 12). Munster 1936.
  3. ^ Stefan Eismann, Medieval chess pieces and game pieces from Sendenhorst , in: Heinz Günter Horn et al. (Ed.), From the beginning , Archeology in North Rhine-Westphalia, Cologne 2005, p. 522f.
  4. ^ Friedrich Kurz (Ed.): Annales regni Francorum 784 . Hanover 1895.
  5. ↑ Adolf tibus, founding history of the donors, parishes, monasteries and chapels in the area of the old diocese of Muenster. Münster 1871–1885. ALBERT K. HÖMBERG, studies on the development of the medieval church organization in Westphalia. In: WF 6 (1953), pp. 46-108.
  6. ↑ Heinrich Petzmeyer: Sendenhorst - story of a small town in the Münsterland