Czarny Bór

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Czarny Bór
Coat of arms of Czarny Bór
Czarny Bór (Poland)
Czarny Bór
Czarny Bór
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Wałbrzych
Geographic location : 50 ° 46 '  N , 16 ° 8'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 46 '17 "  N , 16 ° 7' 47"  E
Residents : 2000
Postal code : 58-379
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DBA
Economy and Transport
Street : Wałbrzych - Kamienna Góra
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Rural community
Surface: 66.31 km²
Residents: 4864
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 73 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0221042
Administration (as of 2007)
Mayor : Andrzej Chmielewski
Address:
ul.XXX -lecia PRL 18 58-379 Czarny Bór
Website : www.czarny-bor.bazagmin.pl



Czarny Bór (German Schwarzwaldau ) is a village in the powiat Wałbrzyski in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It is located west of the city of Wałbrzych (German Waldenburg ) and is the seat of the rural community of the same name.

geography

Czarny Bór is located in the Waldenburger Bergland on the voivodship road 367, which leads from Wałbrzych to Kamienna Góra . Neighboring towns are Witków in the north, Jabłów in the northeast, Grzędy in the south, Czadrów ( Oberzieder ) in the southwest and Borówno ( Grüssauisch Hartau ) and Jaczków ( Hartmannsdorf ) in the northwest.

history

From the 12th to the middle of the 14th century, the Waldenburger Bergland was a disputed borderland between the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer , which was ruled by the Silesian Piast branch . The Lässigbach near Schwarzwaldau was considered to be the northern border of Bohemia. For the year 1350 the castle Liebenau is proven on the northwestern edge of the village Schwarzwaldau , which was also called Burg Schwarzwaldau and until 1369 in the possession of the Bohemian nobleman Puta d. Ä. von Častolowitz was. It was probably built around 1293 under Duke Bolko I and served to secure the border with Bohemia. It was probably originally intended to block the route from Politz in Bohemia via Friedland or Schömberg through the Lässig valley to the Silesian plain.

In 1345 King John of Bohemia attacked the Duchy of Schweidnitz. The latest research shows that Witche Behem was appointed castellan of the three castles Schwarzwaldau, Konradswaldau and Weißstein by the Bohemian rulers after he had already made a name for himself in the Duchy of Münsterberg . At the same time he presumably received the Schwarzwaldau property.

In 1355 Duke Bolko II subjugated all castles in his country that resisted him to his rule. They were Fürstenberg , Konradswaldau, Schwarzwaldau, Zeiskenburg and Freudenburg . The resistance of the knights was directed against the Bohemian policy of Bolko. This group of knights, to which Cunemann von Seidlitz , Heinrich von Schweinichen , Kekelo von Czirne and Witche / Witigo Behem belonged, pushed Bolko II to join Bohemia and thus the Roman-German Empire more quickly . During the period of knightly romanticism, this political opposition was prematurely and inappropriately referred to as robber baronism in some essays on local history .

Witche Behem received the fiefdom of the Schwarzwaldau back from Bolko II after a while. Emil Tschersich writes about this: "... but then even the Duke could no longer take away the lords of Böheim, Witigo father and son, the dominal authority conferred on them [by the king in Bohemia] over the estates and villages." In 1390 Sigismund von Schwarzenwalde handed over , Son of Witche / Witigo Behem, Schwarzwalde to the family of Lazan .

After the death of Duke Bolko in 1368, Schwarzwalde and the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer came under inheritance law to the Crown of Bohemia , whereby the Dowager Duchess Agnes von Habsburg was entitled to a lifelong usufruct . Around 1400 the Schwarzwaldau lordship belonged to three von Seydlitz brothers and finally came to Hermann the Elder in 1437. J. von Czettritz ( Heřman z Cetryc ), who already owned Konradswaldau and Vogelgesang Castle and was married to a daughter of the royal councilor Jan von Chotěmice from around 1430 . Since Hermann von Czettritz was a sympathizer of the Hussites , Liebenau Castle was attacked and damaged by a Breslau mercenary army and destroyed in 1509, after the Lords of Czettritz were again accused of breaching the peace. Since then the castle has remained in ruins.

After the First Silesian War in 1742, Schwarzwaldau and almost all of Silesia fell to Prussia . The rule of Schwarzwaldau remained in the possession of the Lords of Czettritz until 1830. In that year it was acquired by Otto Freiherr von Zedlitz-Neukirch together with Konradswaldau . In 1851 it came to his son-in-law Bernhard von Portatius, with whose descendants it remained until 1945. After the reorganization of Prussia, Schwarzwaldau belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the Landeshut district from 1816 , with which it remained connected until 1945. Since 1874 the rural community of Schwarzwaldau was the seat of the administrative district of the same name , to which the rural communities of Middle Conradswaldau, Upper Conradswaldau and Vogelgesang as well as the manor districts of Conradswaldau and Schwarzwaldau belonged. For the year 1900 there are 1,986 inhabitants in Schwarzwaldau, in 1939 there were 1,834 inhabitants.

As a result of the Second World War , Schwarzwaldau fell to Poland in 1945 like almost all of Silesia and was renamed Czarny Bór . The German population was expelled . Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland . From 1975 to 1998 Czarny Bór was part of the Wałbrzych Voivodeship .

Community structure

The rural community of Czarny Bór covers an area of ​​66.31 km². It consists of the following localities:

  • Borówno ( Grüssauisch Hartau )
  • Czarny Bór ( Black Water )
  • Grzędy ( Konradswaldau )
  • Grzędy Górne ( Oberkonradswaldau )
  • Jaczków ( Hartmannsdorf ) and
  • Witków ( Wittgendorf )

Attractions

Schwarzwaldau Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection
  • Ruins of Liebenau Castle on the Lässig river ( remains of the stone round tower )
  • On the site of the old castle that burned down in 1775, the von Czettritz family built a new castle complex in the early classical style in 1775–1784 on Neuhaus . It was expanded and stylistically changed in the 19th century. There are two representative halls on the upper floor. The castle is not accessible.
  • To the southwest of the castle are two outbuildings from 1777 with a mansard roof. The neo-baroque extension to the west is from the beginning of the 20th century.
  • In the south-east there is a three-storey warehouse from the second half of the 18th century.

Personalities

literature

  • Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , p. 490.
  • Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia . Munich · Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 250-251
  • Ludwig Frequler: Research on the history of the Waldenburger Bergland with special consideration of the manorial rule Waldenburg-Neuhaus , 1930
  • Emil Tschersich and Bruno Paschky: How did the Waldenburger Bergland become German? , 1936
  • Tomasz Jurek: Land books of the Principality of Schweidnitz-Jauer ; Volume I, 1366-1376; Volume II, 1385-1395. 2000 and 2004
  • Władyslaw Stepniak: Czarny Bór - Historia i współczesność , 2007
  • Mateusz Golinski :, 2003: Dane szczegolowe książki: studia z historii średniowiecza , 2003

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ The dead nobility of the Prussian province of Silesia and Upper Lusatia. P. 21.
  3. ↑ [1]