Sokołowsko
| Sokołowsko | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Wałbrzych | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 41 ' N , 16 ° 14' E | ||
| Height : | 540 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 750 | ||
| Postal code : | 58-350 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 74 | ||
| License plate : | DBA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Wałbrzych - Mieroszów | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Sokołowsko [ sɔkɔˈwɔfskɔ ] (German Görbersdorf in Schlesien ) is a village in the powiat Wałbrzyski in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It belongs to the urban and rural municipality Mieroszów and is located 15 km south of Wałbrzych (German Waldenburg ) and 5 km from Mieroszów.
Geography and traffic
Sokołowsko is located in the southern part of the Waldenburger Bergland in a 500 m high valley basin. It is surrounded by high, forested mountains, which are mainly made up of porphyry rock . In the northeast is the 898 m high Bukowiec ( Buchberg ) and in the southeast of the 903 m high Włostowa ( High Mountains ). Sokołowsko has an extensive network of hiking trails and regular bus connections to Wałbrzych and Mieroszów. In winter Sokołowsko is a popular cross-country skiing area . The state border with the Czech Republic runs about three kilometers south.
history
The settlement of the area, which was then part of the Glatzer Land , took place around 1250 by the Benedictine monastery in Politz . Görbersdorf was first mentioned as "Girbrechtsdorf" in 1350 in a list of the villages belonging to the Bohemian castle district of Freudenburg . Together with the Freudenburg, Görbersdorf came to the Duchy of Schweidnitz around 1359 , with which it fell to Bohemia under inheritance law after the death of Duke Bolko II . However, Bolko's widow Agnes von Habsburg was entitled to usufruct until her death in 1392 . It was probably destroyed around 1425 during the Hussite Wars . From 1509 until 1941 Görbersdorf was owned by the Imperial Counts of Hochberg ( Hoberg, Hohberg ) on Fürstenstein . Because of the devastation in the Thirty Years' War it was only half inhabited in 1636.
After the First Silesian War , Görbersdorf and Silesia fell to Prussia in 1742 . During the Second Silesian War , a battle between Prussian and Austrian troops took place in Görbersdorf in 1745. After the reorganization of Prussia, Görbersdorf belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the Waldenburg district from 1816 , with which it remained connected until 1945. It formed its own rural community and since 1874 was the seat of the district of the same name , to which the rural communities Nieder Waltersdorf and Schmidtsdorf also belonged. From the middle of the 19th century, Görbersdorf developed into an important climatic health resort . Since many spa guests also came from the Russian Empire , the Brotherhood of St. Prince Vladimir built the Russian Orthodox Chapel of St. Michael the Archangel in 1901 . Tourism and winter sports also gained in importance in the first half of the 20th century. A ski jumping hill was built in 1934 and an open-air stage in 1935 . In 1939 Görbersdorf had 791 inhabitants; the number of annual spa guests was around 4,000. As a "Lower Silesian climatic health resort in the Waldenburger Bergland" and because of its lung healing facilities, Görbersdorf was included in pre-war German reference works. Mainly because of the numerous spa guests, an evangelical chapel was built in 1883/1884 at the suggestion of a foundation association and inaugurated on September 18, 1884. The Protestant Christians were looked after by electoral preachers who were appointed by the Evangelical High Church Council for seven months each. The local Protestant church members belonged to the parish of Langwaltersdorf . The artist Johannes Avenarius (1887–1954) painted the interior of the chapel from 1930 to 1934. Since 1921, catholic services have been held in the small church building and after 1945 exclusively in the renovated church, as can be seen from the church announcements in the showcase.
As a result of the Second World War , Görbersdorf fell to Poland in 1945, like almost all of Silesia, and was renamed Sokołowsko . The German population was expelled. Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland . The importance of Sokołowsko as a health resort decreased. From the 1970s the place developed into a winter sports center. 1975-1998 Sokołowsko belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship .
Climatic health resort
Görbersdorf's development into a climatic health resort began in 1849, when Marie von Colomb , a niece of Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher , built a cold water sanatorium, which was taken over in 1854 by her future brother-in-law, the doctor Hermann Brehmer . This founded a sanatorium for tuberculosis sufferers . Brehmer applied the cold water cure method developed by Vincenz Prießnitz and later hydrotherapy and also developed his own concept for climatic treatment of lung patients, which became an example for other sanatoriums. Thomas Mann processed the treatment concept in his novel The Magic Mountain , which is set in the Swiss spa town of Davos at the beginning of the 20th century .
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A long-term employee (until 1875) Brehmers was the Polish internist Alfred von Sokołowski, later professor at the University of Warsaw , after whom Görbersdorf was renamed Sokołowsko after the transition to Poland in 1945 . After Brehmer's death in 1889, Felix Wolff followed briefly in 1890 and Wilhelm Achtermann as chief physician from the end of 1891. In 1897 Achtermann moved to Bad Laubbach near Koblenz, where he took over the local sanatorium for physical medicine .
From the end of the 19th century, Görbersdorf developed into one of the most important health resorts in Germany and was visited by guests from Austria, Poland, Russia and Scandinavia. Around 1900 Görbersdorf had a capacity of over 1100 sanatorium places with around 1000 inhabitants. In 1876, Theodor Römpler opened a second large sanatorium, which was followed in 1883 by the third large pulmonary hospital founded by Countess Marie Pückler and taken over by Johann Weicker in 1891. It was expanded considerably in 1894. Another sanatorium (Waldow'sches Sanatorium) was located in the district of Blitzengrund, today Ługowina, part of Kowalowa, district of Mieroszów (Friedland in Lower Silesia). Villas were built throughout the high valley and a Russian Orthodox chapel was built in 1901 for the Russian guests .
Although Görbersdorf suffered no damage during World War II, its importance as a health resort declined after 1945. The spa in the former Dr. Brehmer was initially continued and the house was called the "Sanatorium Grunwald". Its main building was left to decay in the 1950s and demolished in the 1970s. Numerous houses, the pavilions in the park and the spa gardens were also devastated . Stanisław Domin expanded the range of therapies to include general respiratory problems. After the political change in 1989, a reorientation towards geriatric psychiatry began. Today in Sokołowsko next to the Regional Center of is lung disease , a private clinic with nursing home for dementia and Alzheimer's . On the communal display boards, old postcards from the German era are shown, which enable a comparison between the past and the present. B. the former Imperial Post Office with the former post office that still exists.
Attractions
- Former sanatorium Dr. Brehmer in the western part of the village, south of the main road; It consisted of three parts:
- Old Kurhaus from 1862 (demolished in the 1970s)
- Brehmer House, built 1870–1871
- New Kurhaus, built 1875–1878 in the neo-Romanesque and neo-Gothic style based on plans by the architect Edwin Oppler , modernized in 1882; after 1945 “Grunwald” sanatorium; Central and eastern parts later devastated ; remaining part burned down in 2005
- Former curve villas, partially restored and rebuilt
- Foundations of the Humboldt Temple, the Flügge Pavilion and the Shower Pavilion, built in the 1860s and 1870s, destroyed after 1945
- Wooden houses from the 18th and 19th centuries along the main street ( ul.Główna )
- Russian Orthodox chapel from 1901, misused and devastated after 1945, restored after the political change in 1989 with the support of the brotherhood of the Holy Prince Vladimir and funds from the Freising Catholic Association Renovabis
- Ruins of Freudenburg Castle (east of the village, hiking trail through the Freudengrund - Sokołowiec)
Personalities
- The poet Albert Emil Brachvogel lived in Görbersdorf for some time.
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 137-138.
- Heinrich Bartsch: Unforgettable Waldenburg homeland. Norden (Ostfriesl.) 1969, p. 346.
- Dehio -Manual of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia . Munich · Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 856-857.
- Herrmann Brehmer: The therapy of chronic pulmonary consumption. Wiesbaden (miner) 1887
- Wilhelm Achtermann: Dr. Brehmer'sche lung sanatorium Görbersdorf in Silesia; Chief Physician Dr. Wilhelm Achtermann , Leipzig: (Loes) undated (presumably 1894)
- Reinhard Ortmann: Görbersdorf. Dr. Brehmers sanatorium for lung patients. In: European Wanderbilder No. 34 u. 35, Zurich (Orell Füssli & Co.) undated (approx. 1891)
Web links
- District of Görbersdorf
- Historic lung healing sites in Görbersdorf and in the Giant Mountains
- Historical and current recordings as well as geographical location
- Advertising (silent) film about Göbersdorf with historical recordings on YouTube
- Homepage of the Orthodox Church in Görbersdorf (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Görbersdorf. In Meyers Lexikon , 8th edition, volume 5, Leipzig 1938, p. 99, column 2 and in the associated map series, volume 12, Leipzig 1936, main map 7 Silesia , secondary map II
- ^ Görbersdorf (Kr. Waldenburg). In: Reichs-Bäder-Adressbuch. 4th edition, Berlin 1928, p. 399 (as well as in the section climatic health resorts p. 539 and in the advertising section p. 910 (advertisement of "Dr. Weicker's Lungenheilanstalten Görbersdorf" with mention of the medical directors Steinmeyer and Warnecke)).
- ↑ Confirmation of the statutes of the foundation association that owned the chapel in Görbersdorf by Kaiser Wilhelm I on June 24, 1885
- ↑ Dietmar Neß: Silesian Pastor's Book, Wroclaw District, Part IV, Volume 4. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2014, ISBN 978-3-374-03919-7 , p. 353.
- ↑ Visit of the place Sokołowsko in February 2013 by Schudi 45.
- ^ Irena Hundt: Marie von Colomb (1808-1868). The cold water. Fate of a hydrotherapist. In: Irena Hundt: From the salon to the barricade. Women in the Heine Age. JB Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-476-01842-3 , pp. 299-321.
- ↑ Ługowina Blitzengrund
- ↑ Budynek nr 50 Villa Kurpark, Waldow's Sanatorium, Blitzengrund Forest Sanatorium Waldow Sanatorium in Blitzengrund
- ↑ The post office was labeled as the IMPERIAL POST OFFICE until 1918 and in the Third Reich as an office building with a simplified facade without stucco ornaments (postcard collection Schudi 45); in February 2013 the building was empty and without any signage.