Solaris Bus & Coach
| Solaris Bus & Coach SA
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| legal form | Corporation |
| founding | 1994 |
| Seat |
Bolechowo , Poland
|
| management | Javier Calleja (CEO) |
| Number of employees | approx. 2500 |
| sales | 1.7 billion PLN (2015) |
| Branch | Omnibus and tram production |
| Website | www.solarisbus.com |
Solaris Bus & Coach SA is a Polish bus manufacturer that from the Neoplan - licensee Neoplan Polska emerged and the majority of the Spanish rail vehicle manufacturer since 2018 Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles belongs (CAF). The main products are buses and trolleybuses as well as articulated trams by the end of 2018 . The company is based in Bolechowo-Osiedle near Poznan .
history
The company was founded in 1994 under the name Neoplan Polska Sp. Z oo as a family-owned sales office. Owner Krzysztof Olszewski had previously worked in management positions at the Neoplan plant in Berlin for over 15 years . The first bus to be sold was a Neoplan N 4020 for the urban bus service in the Polish capital, Warsaw . After winning a tender for 72 buses for the Poznań municipal transport company, the company opened its own factory in nearby Bolechowo in 1996 , where low-floor buses and coaches were manufactured under Neoplan license. Within a few years Neoplan Polska became the Polish market leader for city buses .
In the second half of the 1990s, Neoplan Polska set up its own development office that was responsible for research and development work. In the beginning, Solaris presented new models every 2-3 years. Around 2000 there were over 60 employees in the development office, and in 2010 140 people.
In 1999 Neoplan Polska presented the independently developed low-floor city bus “Solaris Urbino”, which was created with special consideration of the wishes of previous customers. The visual design was carried out by the Berlin design studio IFS. At the same time, a green dachshund was introduced as a mascot . The following year, the first export order was a (15 m long) Urbino 15 to Ostrava , Czech Republic , followed in the same year by two (12 m long) Urbino 12s for a bus company in Berlin . After the licensor Gottlob Auwärter had held a 30% stake in the company since 1999, the company was again fully owned by the Olszewski family in 2000. After the takeover of Gottlob Auwärter GmbH & Co. KG with the brand "Neoplan" by MAN in Germany in September 2001, the change of name to Solaris Bus & Coach Sp. , At the same time ended with the increasing success of their own family production of Neoplan licensed buildings.
In the same year, Solaris expanded its product range to include independently developed coaches , known as "Vacanza", and low-floor trolleybuses based on the Urbino, which were given the name "Trollino". With these models further successes could also be achieved in the export business. For example, the Italian capital Rome opened its trolleybus service, which was discontinued in 1972, in 2005 with Solaris vehicles. Solaris buses have been optionally available with natural gas drives since 2004 , and all product families have been optically and technically revised and the Urbino range has been expanded to include a low-entry variant. In July 2005 the company was converted into a stock corporation , and since then the company name has been Solaris Bus & Coach SA In 2005, 610 buses were manufactured, 80% of which were exported. At the same time, the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) ordered 260 Urbino 18 articulated buses for delivery in the following years as part of the largest order for Solaris to date .
As part of the expansion, an expansion of the factory complex began in 2005 over several years. In 2006 Solaris presented an articulated bus based on the Urbino, which has a hybrid drive . The vehicle, known as the “Urbino 18 Hybrid” , was first used in Germany by Bochum-Gelsenkirchener Straßenbahnen AG (Bogestra) and was the first European bus to use hybrid technology as standard. The product range was also expanded in 2007 to include the “Alpino” midibus , which was specially developed for narrow inner cities and winding mountain roads in the Alps . In 2008, further low-entry versions of models from the Urbino series followed.
Solaris received its largest single order to date in July 2008 from the Athens transport company E.THE.L , which ordered 320 low-floor buses that were delivered from the end of 2008 to the beginning of 2009. At the same time, the company received another major order for 150 Urbino buses for the Warsaw city bus company .
Krzysztof Olszewski was the CEO of Solaris from inception until October 2008. After holding this position for many years, he moved to the top of the Supervisory Board of Solaris Bus & Coach . The position of CEO was taken over by his wife Solange, who was previously responsible for customer relations in the company.
In September 2011 the prototype of the city bus with electric drive Solaris Urbino electric was presented. Exactly one year later, the 12-meter electric bus was presented at the IAA Commercial Vehicles 2012 in Hanover. In 2012, Solaris sold electric buses for the first time. Further product innovations in 2012 were the Urbino 18.75 articulated bus and a revised version of the InterUrbino high-floor intercity bus. The company was also active in the rail vehicle segment. The Jenaer Nahverkehr GmbH has been using five Solaris articulated trams in a bidirectional design since 2014 . In 2012, Solaris signed two additional tram contracts. One came from Braunschweig, the second from Olsztyn, Poland.
Since production began in 1996, nearly 10,000 vehicles have left the factory. You drive with customers in 26 countries. Solaris Bus & Coach SA employs over 2000 people in Poland, and more than 300 others work for foreign subsidiaries.
Until 2018 the company was fully owned by the Olszewski family. In July 2018, the sale to the Spanish transport technology manufacturer CAF was announced. The complete takeover was completed on September 4, 2018. “With the acquisition of Solaris, CAF wants to establish itself in a market segment that is complementary to the previous product portfolio. The decisive incentive is to develop from a manufacturer of rail vehicles into a specialist for all aspects of urban transport with solutions in the electromobility and multimodal door-to-door sector. ”Following the acquisition, CAF gave 35 percent of the shares to the Polish state investment fund continues. The shares in the Solaris Tram joint venture founded with Stadler Rail in April 2017 , however, were fully sold to Stadler in the fourth quarter of 2018.
Business data
2011
In 2011, with a turnover of 370 million euros (2007: 714 million zlotys / 189 million euros), 1205 buses were manufactured, of which 687 were exported (2007: 702 buses in total, 400 exported). In Poland, Solaris Bus & Coach was the market leader with a market share of 42%, in the segment of city and intercity buses with a share of 54%. In Germany, the largest export market, Solaris was the strongest importer with a 6% market share (2007: 5% market share) and the third strongest power after the German groups EvoBus and Neoman .
2012
In 2012, Solaris sold a total of more than a thousand vehicles. 28% of these were delivered to Polish customers. With a share of 46.6% in the domestic market for city buses in 2012, Solaris is the market leader in Poland. In Germany, Solaris increased its share of the German city bus market in 2012 from 10% to 13%. In Austria, the company increased its market share in the city bus segment from 5.9% in 2011 to 13.5% in 2012.
2014
A total of 1380 buses were delivered in the course of the year. 280 vehicles were delivered to Polish customers, mainly low-floor city buses from the Urbino family. The largest number of vehicles exported went to Germany. A total of 197 Solaris buses were bought there. Other major export markets were Bulgaria (146 buses), the Czech Republic (128 buses) and Italy (102 buses).
2016
In 2016, exactly 1,300 buses were delivered. 471 were sold in Poland, making Solaris the market leader in Poland with a share of 66% of the total market. The second largest market for Solaris was Germany followed by Italy, where a major order from COTRAL sold over 300 buses.
2017
In 2017, a new production record was set at Solaris with a total of 1,397 buses and trolleybuses. 952 buses were exported. The largest export market in 2017 was Italy (225 buses), followed by Germany (200 buses) and Norway (109 buses).
Works
The final assembly of buses and trolleybuses is located in Bolechowo, near Poznan. Solaris also has three other production facilities: two in Środa Wielkopolska ( welding of bus and trolley bus frames and welding of so-called tram bodies) and one in Poznan (final assembly of rail vehicles).
Products
Solaris vehicles have a body shell made of stainless steel and cladding made of Dibond aluminum composite and are therefore very corrosion-resistant. A significant part of the technical components comes from suppliers in Germany and the rest of Western Europe. The design of the vehicles is particularly striking because of its play of shapes; The asymmetrically shaped front windows are characteristic, for example. Solaris currently offers the following vehicle types:
City buses with internal combustion engines
The second-generation Urbino buses stand out with their strongly rounded roof edge. This has been changed in the current third generation to better integrate the lateral line displays.
- Alpino 8.6: Midibus , length 8.6 m
- Alpino 8.9 LE: Midibus in low-entry design , length 8.9 m, width 2.4 m
- Urbino 10: short two-axle public service bus, length 10 m
- Urbino 10.5: two-axle public transport bus, length 10.55 m (shortened 12 m bus, two or three doors)
- Urbino 12: two-axle public service bus, length 12 m (two or three doors)
- Urbino 12 CNG: Solo bus with natural gas drive, length 12 m (two or three doors)
- Urbino 12 LE: Solo bus in low-entry design, length 12 m
- Urbino 15: three-axle public service bus, length 15 m
- Urbino 15 LE: three-axle line bus in low-entry design, length 15 m
- Urbino 18: three-axle articulated bus , length 18 m (three or four doors)
- Urbino 18 CNG: three-axle articulated bus with natural gas drive, length 18 m (three or four doors)
- Urbino 18 LE: three-axle articulated bus in low-entry design, length 18 m (three-door)
- Urbino 18.75: three-axle articulated bus, length 18.75 m (three or four doors)
The Alpino is 2.4 m wide, the models in the Urbino product family are 2.55 m wide. The vehicles use the low-floor technology .
The buses are equipped with diesel engines from DAF or Cummins as standard, the Urbino 12 and 18 models are also available with natural gas engines from Cummins, previously also with those from Iveco . In this version, the models are given names with the addition "CNG".
At the 58th UITP World Congress from June 7th to 11th, 2009 in Vienna, Solaris presented the Urbino New Edition . In this model, the interior and the driver's workplace have been redesigned. The core of the interior design is a ceiling construction made of illuminated plastic, which is supposed to increase the passengers' feeling of security with constant illumination. The touch-screen technology of the driver's workplace should enable a situation-related instrument display.
At the end of September 2014, a new Urbino (Urbino n) with a more angular design was presented on the company's website.
City buses with electric drive
- Urbino 12 electric
- Urbino 12 hydrogen
The hydrogen variant of the Urbino 12 has been tested by Wiener Linien since June 4, 2020 .
InterUrbino
- InterUrbino 12: intercity bus, school bus, length 12 m
- InterUrbino 12.8: intercity bus, school bus, length 12.8 m
Since the passenger compartment can be freely designed, the InterUrbino is also equipped for use as a school bus. The maximum number of seats in the vehicle depends on this equipment. In the regional bus version it is 55, as a school bus it is 59.
Three different diesel engines (DAF PR 9.2l; Cummins ISB 6.7l, FPT / Iveco Tector 5.9l) and four transmissions (ZF 6-speed manual transmission, ZF Ecolife, Voith Diwa 5, Allison Torqmatic) are available in the drive train posed.
Hybrid buses
- Solaris Urbino 12 Hybrid: Solo bus, length 12 m
- Urbino 18 Hybrid : articulated bus, length 18 m
Five different hybrid systems are being installed in cooperation with Eaton , Allison Transmission , Vossloh Kiepe , Voith Turbo and Škoda Electric .
Trolleybuses
- Trollino 12 : two-axle trolleybus, length 12 m
- Trollino 15 : three-axle trolleybus, length 15 m
- Trollino 18 : Articulated trolleybus, length 18 m, also in "metrostyle" version
- Trollino 24 : double articulated trolleybus, length 24 m
The vehicles are based on the Urbino family and, like them, are 2.55 m wide. The electrical equipment comes from the French company Cegelec . In the past they also cooperated with the Hungarian company Ganz , which also took on the final assembly of vehicles. However, due to technical difficulties, this collaboration was terminated. The 1000th Trollino produced went to the Salzburg transport company in spring 2015 (wagon no. 333 there); it is an articulated trolleybus in the metrostyle version.
Coaches
- Vacanza 12: high-decker, length 12 m
- Vacanza 13: high-decker, length 13 m
The vehicles are 2.55 m wide and are powered by DAF diesel engines.
Electric buses
- Urbino 8.9 electric: Midibus in low-entry design , length 8.9 m, width 2.4 m
- Urbino 12 electric : two-axle public transport bus, length 12 m (two or three doors)
- Urbino 18 electric : three-axle articulated bus, length 18 m (three or four doors)
The electric drive of the Solaris Urbino electric comes from Vossloh Kiepe and has an output of 120 kW. An asynchronous motor for 160 kW is used for the 12 m electric bus, and an asynchronous motor for 240 kW for the articulated bus. The 12 m electric bus is also optionally available with wheel hub motors from ZF (AVE 130, 2 × 60 kW). The energy for the drive is stored by two liquid-cooled 600 V lithium-ion batteries with a nominal capacity of 120 kWh. In the case of the new High Energy + battery , the range is 200 kilometers.
Special vehicles
In addition to the normal buses and coaches, Solaris also manufactures special vehicles for special purposes based on the normal models. The main focus here is on mobile blood donation centers based on the Vacanza coach model.
Other models
From 2000 to 2002, the shortest version of the Urbino product family was manufactured, a nine-meter-long version known as the Urbino 9 . As part of the revision of the model range, it was replaced by the Urbino 10 .
In the second half of 2002, a low-floor intercity bus designed for the needs of bus transport on the Mediterranean island of Malta was presented, which was known as Valletta . Based on a new floor pan, a bus designed for left-hand traffic was created which, due to the Maltese road conditions, is only 2.5 m wide. Only three copies were sold to Malta before production was stopped. In 2007, however, a variant of the Valletta was shown at the Transexpo city transport fair in Kielce , Poland , which was designed as a normal left-hand drive vehicle for the needs of Polish regional bus operators. Series production has not yet started.
Tram vehicles
In March 2006, signed Solaris Bus & Coach a contract with Bombardier Transportation and Vossloh Kiepe on the manufacture and supply of three-part low-floor - trams of type Bombardier NGT6 / 2 to Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne w Krakowie ( Krakow ). Bombardier took over the delivery of the mechanical part, Kiepe took over the electrotechnical components and Solaris took over the logistic tasks as well as the final assembly. The agreement included the supply of 50 units of MPK Krakow and three vehicles for the transport company in Gdansk ( Danzig ) in 2007 and of 2008.
Under the name Tramino , Solaris developed a low-floor tram type that was primarily intended for the Polish market. The completely low-floor tram was designed for lengths between 18.8 m (three-part) and 31.7 m (five-part). However, the production of longer variants, as well as a version with 70% low-floor space, was not ruled out. The maiden voyage took place in the summer of 2009.
The main competitor on the Polish market is PESA in Bydgoszcz ( Bromberg ). The vehicles were also adapted to the BOStrab . Solaris assumed it would generate the same turnover with trams as with buses. The expected quantities were lower, but the costs per unit were higher.
In Germany the Jenaer Nahverkehr GmbH , the Braunschweiger Verkehrs-GmbH and the Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe (LVB) have ordered Traminos. The five trains destined for Jena were already in operation in January 2014.
In 2012 Solaris also signed a contract with the Polish city of Olsztyn ( Allenstein ), which is reintroducing a tram after 55 years . The delivery of fifteen 29-meter-long two-way trams took place in 2015.
In September 2016, an offer for a tram vehicle tender was submitted for the first time in a consortium with the Polish Stadler Rail subsidiary Stadler Polska . The plant in Środa Wielkopolska was incorporated into the Solaris Tram joint venture on April 1, 2017 , thereby strengthening the cooperation with Stadler. The takeover of Solaris by CAF finally led to the complete sale of Solaris Tram to Stadler in the fourth quarter of 2018 .
commitment
2007/2008
The largest sales market for Solaris buses is Poland , where the company was the market leader in 2007 with a share of 23% . The market share in the sector of city and intercity buses reached 44%; at the time when Neoplan vehicles were produced under license, however, it was significantly higher at up to 70%. In Poland there are more than 1800 regular buses of the types Alpino, Urbino and Trollino and over 50 coaches of the Vacanza type. Larger numbers of Solaris buses were also delivered to Germany , Latvia , the Czech Republic , Lithuania and Switzerland . In 2008, 225 Urbinos were delivered to the Roads & Transport Authority of the United Arab Emirates Dubai , which means that Solaris buses will be used outside Europe for the first time.
Use in Germany
Buses in Germany
The first Solaris buses delivered to Germany in 2000 went to the Berlin company ABUS and were also the first vehicles from a Polish manufacturer to be delivered to Western Europe . The export business developed positively in the following years, so that in 2006 the 500th bus was handed over to a German customer, in this case Bochum-Gelsenkirchener Straßenbahnen AG .
In spring 2008, more than 830 Solaris buses were in use by over 70 German customers. The largest customers were the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) with 253 vehicles, the Bremer Straßenbahn AG (BSAG) with 85 buses, the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe (DVB) with 57 buses, the Kasseler Verkehrs-Gesellschaft with 52 vehicles, the NEW Mönchengladbach and Viersen with together 44 vehicles, as well as the Braunschweiger Verkehrs-GmbH with a total of 26 vehicles. The vehicles come almost exclusively from the Urbino family, including the first Alpino midibuses to be used in Germany, which began operating in Garching near Munich in August 2007 . The transport companies in Frankfurt am Main are now among the largest buyers of Solaris city buses , closely followed by Berlin. Other vehicle series of the manufacturer, bpsw. the Vacanza coach, are seeing significantly lower sales figures in Germany.
As early as 2006, the first hybrid articulated bus based on the Urbino 18 was delivered to the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe (DVB), where it was subjected to a comparison test with a conventionally powered Urbino 18. Urbino buses with hybrid and electric drives can now be found in numerous larger cities in Germany, for example at the Hamburger Hochbahn on the "innovation line" 109 (since December 2019 Metrobus line 19) in Hamburg .
In 2015 Solaris produced a small special series of the Urbino 10.9 for the Karlsruhe transport company . The vehicles are only 2.72 m high (instead of 2.85 m without air conditioning), the buses are designed as low-entry vehicles. The background to this is a low underpass, the so-called " Bulacher Loch ".
Since 2016, three Solaris New Urbino 18 articulated buses have been in use in Freiburg im Breisgau .
Solaris Urbino 18 in Reutlingen
Midibus Alpino from VBR for regular services in Garching near Munich
Urbino 18 from Munich
Urbino 12 Hybrid from ÜSTRA in Hanover
Urbino 18 Hybrid from LVB in Leipzig
Urbino 18 Hybrid of the Vestische in Bottrop
Solaris Urbino passing through the Bulacher Loch
Tram vehicles in Germany
In July 2011, Solaris was awarded the contract to build five three-part Traminos in Jena , where they had already delivered several buses to Jena local transport in previous years . The start of production for the Jena Tramino was July 2012, delivery took place from August to November 2013. Since January 13, 2014, one of the five railcars has been running on Line 5. The tram drivers have continued to be trained on the remaining vehicles. The Traminos have been used on all lines since the driver training courses were completed.
After Braunschweig 18 tram articulated railcars were delivered the type Tramino and after approval by the Technical Inspectorate and the TÜV Nord put into service so that all new cars are used on a regular service from the end, 2015. In order to achieve further barrier-free access, a check is made to determine whether a further seven cars can be ordered.
On March 26, 2015, Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe (LVB) ordered five pre-series vehicles for the four-part Tramino with an option to purchase 36 additional units over the next five years. The first vehicle was delivered in December 2016. The entire order is worth around EUR 120 million. The vehicles are 2.3 meters wide and 38 meters long. It was planned that from summer 2017 each new articulated car would replace two Tatra railcars .
Solaris Tramino for the Braunschweig tram at InnoTrans 2014
Solaris Tramino in the driving school in Jena
Solaris Tramino on line 3 in Jena
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Use in Austria
When trolleybus Salzburg currently 15 trolleybuses 18. Three run of the type Solaris Trollino of which were delivered on 14 September, 2009. Twelve cars followed in 2011 and ten more Solaris Trollino 18 Metrostyle were delivered in 2012/2013. In addition, four Trollino 18s from La-Chaux-de-Fonds (Switzerland), where trolleybus operations will be discontinued, were purchased. In 2014 and 2015 another 14 Solaris Trollino 18 Metrostyle arrived and another 14 were expected for 2016 - these no longer with diesel emergency drives, but instead with battery emergency drives of the newer generation. This means that the current number of Solaris Trollino 18 (Metrostyle) has increased to 43.
The first Solaris diesel buses (two Urbino 10) were used from 2004 by Loacker on the Götzis local bus.
| Transport company | Bus types | Place of use |
|---|---|---|
| Christophorus | Urbino 12 | Mayrhofen |
| Dödlinger | Urbino 12 5x | Fieberbrunn |
| Hot | Alpino, Urbino 12 | innsbruck |
| Inntaler Omnibus Company | Interurbino 12, Urbino 12, Urbino 15 | Kufstein, Wörgl |
| Kammerlander | Urbino 15 | Gerlos |
| Landecker Verkehrsbetriebe | Urbino 12 | Landeck |
| Ledermair | Urbino 10, Urbino 11, Urbino 12, Urbino 15 | black |
| Loacker | Urbino 10, Urbino 12 | Götzis, Upper Rhine Valley |
| Mürz Valley Transport Company | Urbino 12 | Kapfenberg |
| Ötztaler Verkehrsgesellschaft | Alpino, Urbino 12 | Soelden |
| ÖBB post bus | Urbino 10 | Dornbirn |
| ÖBB post bus | (New) Urbino 12 | Vienna (order traffic) |
| ÖBB post bus | (New) Urbino 12 LE | Vienna Airport Lines |
| ÖBB post bus | (New) Urbino 15 LE | VOR / Burgenland |
| Rainer | Urbino 10 | Bad Hofgastein |
| Rhomberg | Urbino 10 | Dornbirn |
| Dr. Richard | Urbino 12 | Vienna |
| SAB Tours | Alpino | Leonding |
| Slave | Urbino 10 | Bad Ischl |
| City bus Salzburg | Trollino 18, Trollino 18 Metrostyle | Salzburg |
| Stern & Hafferl | Alpino, Urbino 15 | Gmunden, Vöcklabruck |
| White | Urbino 12 | Graz |
Use in Switzerland
In Switzerland , Solaris has so far mainly achieved minor sales successes, but these went beyond the pure diesel buses of the Urbino series.
Solaris trolleybuses are in use in two cities: The Winterthur city bus has ten Trollino 18s, but decided in 2009 to buy the next 21 trolleybuses from Hess. The reasons given for this were: lower energy consumption, more space, better noise insulation and higher processing quality. Transports Régionaux Neuchâtelois kept three Trollino 12 (sold to Budapest) and four Trollino 18 (sold to Salzburg after a general overhaul, wagon numbers now 316-319) for operation in La Chaux-de-Fonds .
The largest Swiss customers for diesel buses from Solaris until spring 2008 were also Stadtbus Winterthur with 39 vehicles and Stadtbus Chur AG with 14 vehicles. In Interlaken, several Urbino 12 are also used as post buses. At Busland AG in Burgdorf, three Solaris Urbino 10 were in use, but they were replaced by three Mercedes-Benz Citaro C2 K Hybrids in November 2018 . That the Eurobus group companies belonging Region Lenzburg sets since June 2007, an Urbino 18 hybrid one, which is the first vehicle of its kind in Switzerland.
| Transport company | Bus types | Place of use |
|---|---|---|
| Eurobus | Urbino 18 Hybrid | Lenzburg |
| FART | Urbino 12, Urbino 18 | Locarno |
| Postbus | Urbino 12 | Interlaken, Oberbüren |
| Rottal Auto AG | Urbino 12, Urbino 18 | Lucerne |
| City bus Chur | Urbino 12, Urbino 18 | Chur |
| City bus Kreuzlingen | Urbino 10 | Kreuzlingen |
| City bus Winterthur | Urbino 12, Urbino 18, Trollino 18 | Winterthur |
| TL | Urbino 12, Urbino 18 | Lausanne |
| TRN | Trollino 12, Trollino 18, Urbino 18 | La-Chaux-de-Fonds |
| Wilmobil | Urbino 8.6 | Wil SG |
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b CAF successfully completes the acquisition process of the Solaris company, press release. CAF, Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles SA, September 5, 2018, accessed on September 21, 2018 .
- ^ Solaris Bus & Coach: Profile . As of March 13, 2008
- ^ A b c Solaris Bus & Coach: History . As of March 13, 2008
- ↑ Solaris Bus & Coach: Image brochure (German version). Bolechowo 2006, p. 7
- ↑ Christian Tenbrock: When the green dachshund comes . In: Die Zeit , 2, 2006
- ↑ a b stadtbus.de: Magazine: IAA Commercial Vehicles 2006 . Status: October 24, 2007
- ↑ a b stadtbus.de: Nachrichten: Private Betriebe, September 2007 . Status: October 24, 2007
- ↑ a b c Solaris Bus & Coach: Press release: Solaris slips well into 2008 - more Euro 5 from Solaris in Poland, more hybrid buses in Germany . Bolechowo, February 7, 2008
- ↑ Company history 2008 on the manufacturer's website
- ↑ Departure towards the future: Tramino premiere in Jena
- ^ Solaris Bus & Coach: Board of Directors . As of March 13, 2008
- ↑ Anita Faltermann: Spanish CAF group invests in Solaris in busnetz.de from July 5, 2018, accessed on July 28, 2018
- ↑ Spain's CAF takes over bus manufacturer Solaris. In: electrive.net. July 4, 2018, accessed September 5, 2018 .
- ↑ Solaris sprzedany! CAF kupił 100 proc. akcji, ale 35 proc. trafi do PFR! In: transport-publiczny.pl. September 5, 2018, Retrieved September 5, 2018 (Polish).
- ↑ Stadler takes over Solaris Tram and strengthens its position on the Polish market. In: Stadler Rail press release. November 20, 2018, accessed December 11, 2018 .
- ↑ Solaris Bus & Coach press release: Solaris with a clear plus in 2011 . Bolechowo, February 27, 2012
- ↑ a b Solaris Bus & Coach: Press release: Solaris looks back on a record year 2007 - market leader in Poland, largest importer in Germany . Bolechowo, February 27, 2008
- ↑ Record year for Solaris , on www.busplaner.de from February 9, 2015, accessed on September 23, 2015
- ↑ Solaris posted record sales of around 409 million euros in 2016. At www.busfahrermagazin.de, accessed on March 24, 2017
- ↑ Solaris customer magazine Spring 1/2018 , accessed on June 17, 2018
- ^ Solaris Bus & Coach: Vehicles . As of March 13, 2008
- ^ Solaris PR, May 27, 2009: Future with experience: Solaris at the UITP congress in Vienna
- ↑ https://www.solarisbus.com/de/fahrzeuge/zero-emissions/hydrogen
- ↑ https://www.wienerlinien.at/eportal3/ep/contentView.do/pageTypeId/66526/programId/74577/contentTypeId/1001/channelId/-47186/contentId/5001224
- ↑ https://www.solarisbus.com/pl/busmania/dwuprzegubowy-solaris-trollino-24-na-ulicach-gdyni-910
- ↑ Urbino electric , brochure from Solaris Bus & Coach SA from September 2011
- ↑ Aleksandra Fedorska: Solaris: E-buses from Poland on the advance. In: electrive.net. September 4, 2019, accessed December 2, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c stadtbus.de: Solaris Bus & Coach - A manufacturer portrait. As of March 13, 2008
- ↑ a b c d e Solaris Bus & Coach: References as of March 13, 2008
- ↑ Aleksander Kierecki: Solaris na Transexpo 2007 ( memento of October 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). InfoBus, October 16, 2007
- ↑ Press release from Vossloh Kiepe, March 29, 2006: Major order from Poland for Vossloh Kiepe
- ↑ a b Message in biznespolska.pl with statements from the Solaris owner, June 21, 2007: Solaris bus producer shifts strategy, wants to move into tram production ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Karol Wach in InfoBus.pl, February 17, 2009: Ambitious plans for Solaris ( Memento from February 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (Polish)
- ↑ Solaris PR, September 23, 2008: Solaris with trams and hybrid buses at InnoTrans 2008
- ↑ Tramino on the Solaris homepage
- ↑ JeNah press release from July 15, 2011 ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Press release of the Braunschweiger-Verkehrs-AG from May 30, 2012 ( Memento from October 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 44 kB)
- ^ Message from "Der Rote Renner" from February 3, 2014, accessed on September 18, 2015
- ↑ Test & Technology: Solaris Urbino 18 Hybrid stadtbus.de, October 24, 2007
- ↑ July 20, 2015 - New buses in use in Bulach and Beiertheim: Special construction with reduced height ( Memento from July 27, 2015 in the web archive archive.today ), press release from the Karlsruhe Transport Association.
- ↑ Michael Baumgarten: New tram presented in Jena. (No longer available online.) Jenaer Nachrichten, September 3, 2013, archived from the original on September 6, 2013 ; Retrieved September 3, 2013 .
- ↑ Tramino Braunschweig on the first line trip ( Memento from July 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ LVB homepage of March 27, 2015 ( Memento of March 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 27, 2015
- ↑ Send Tatras to the siding . Bild-Online (Leipzig) from March 27, 2015, accessed on March 27, 2015
- ↑ 14.10.2012 - Salzburg trolleybus receives 4 used buses from Switzerland . Website of the Austria in Motion Association, accessed on June 16, 2013
- ↑ Götzis . Wiki from Stadtverkehr Austria , accessed on June 16, 2013
- ↑ Winterthur city bus: Solaris Trollino 18 articulated trolleybus . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Status: October 24, 2007
- ↑ Winterthur city bus: News . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Status: February 23, 2009
- ↑ Eurobus: Switzerland’s first hybrid scheduled bus at EUROBUS ( Memento of November 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 30 kB). Status: October 24, 2007