Itzgründisch

Itzgründisch is a Main Franconian dialect that is found in the valleys of the eponymous Itz and their tributaries Grümpen , Effelder , Röthen / Röden, Lauter , Füllbach and Rodach and the Rodach tributaries Kreck and Helling , the valleys of the Neubrunn , Biber and the upper Werra and in the Tal der Steinach is spoken. In the small language area, which extends from Itzgrund in Upper Franconia to the southern slope of the Thuringian Slate Mountains , "Franconian" (more precisely, East Franconian ) still exists in a very original form. Due to the isolated peripheral location of this area until the end of the 19th century and later during the division of Germany, many linguistic peculiarities have been preserved to this day. Itzgründische first received scientific attention in the middle of the 19th century by the linguist August Schleicher .

Itzgründisch
Spoken in	Bavaria , Thuringia
speaker	225,000
Linguistic classification	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Standard German Upper German East Franconian Main Franconian Itzgründisch

Distribution area of ​​the Itzgründischen dialect (dark blue) in Thuringia

Geographical limitation

The Itzgründischen dialect area comprises south of the Rennsteig the district of Sonneberg , the southern and eastern part of the district of Hildburghausen , the city and district of Coburg and the northwest of the district of Lichtenfels .

In the west of the dialect area, the " Südhennebergische Staffelung ", which runs through the district of Hildburghausen, separates Itzgründisch from Hennebergisch . Its extension south of the district town and further along the district border forms the dialect border to Grabfeldischen and further south to Lower Franconian , which is also spoken in Seßlach in the west of the Coburg district. South of the Coburg district border, the Itzgründisch mixes with the Bambergisch . To the east of the Sonneberger (with the exception of Heinersdorf , which is already in the Upper Franconian language area) and the Coburg district border, and to the east of Michelau in the Lichtenfels district, the Itzgründische language area borders on the Upper Franconian language . Upper Franconian is beyond the Bamberg barrier , so it does not belong to the Main Franconian dialects.

Directly on the course of the Rennsteig over the ridge of the Thuringian Slate Mountains there is a narrow transition zone to Thuringian , which consists of the more modern, largely East Franconian local dialects of the places around Sachsenbrunn and Lauscha , which use the Itzgründischen vocabulary.

The Itzgründischen dialect area is congruent with the territories of the historical landscape care Coburg and the Benedictine abbey Banz .

speaker

On December 31, 2010, 41,076 lived in the city of Coburg, 84,129 in the towns and communities of the Itzgründischen dialect area in the district of Coburg, in the district of Hildburghausen 40,745, in the district of Lichtenfels 22,791 and in the district of Sonneberg about 50,000 (estimated proportion of the non-Itzgründisch-speaking community subtracted) Residents. In the city of Lichtenfels , which lies on the south bank of the Main , which means that its historical dialect is already a mixed dialect of Itzgründischen and Bambergischen, 20,555 inhabitants were counted. While the local Itzgründischen village dialects are spoken almost continuously in the rural communities, the proportion of non-Itzgründisch speaking residents in the cities is significantly higher. On a conservative estimate, the number of native speakers of Itzgnd by the beginning of the 21st century is likely to be around 225,000 speakers.

The local dialects of the transition zone on the Rennsteig are dominated by most of the approximately 13,000 residents and are spoken in everyday life. The only exception to this is the town of Neuhaus am Rennweg , where, due to the large influx of families from the surrounding area and from more distant regions in the 20th century, in addition to the local "Herrnhäuser" dialect, Southeast Thuringian and other dialects are spoken.

particularities

The grammar of Itzgründischen basically corresponds to the East Franconian rules (see under East Franconian dialects ) and according to Schleicher's theory of forms still has characteristics of Middle High German . The peculiarity of Itzgründischen in comparison with other German dialects consists in different diphthongizations . The resulting diphthongs are partly similar to those of Middle High German, but they are secondary developments that do not go directly back to Middle High German.

• Around Sonneberg and Neustadt the diphthongs iä, ue and üä (not - niä , Beet - Biäd , Ofen - Uefm , Vögel - Vüächl ) and the backward pronunciation of -ch as in through , for example in Sonneberg - Sumbarch , annoy - archern and tomorrow - morning . Other diphthongs can be found in the words bread - Bruad , Hosen - Huasn , Hasen - Housn , called - heaßn or beautiful - schööä .
• Sentences are often formulated with auxiliary verbs such as “like”, “want”, “do”, “do” or “can” and the participle perfect. (The child screams. - "Des Kindla dud schrei." Or "Des Kindla ka fei g'schrei." )
• The past tenses are almost always formed in participle constructions with the auxiliary verbs “sein” or “haben” . (There we went in / There we went in. - "Dou sä'me neig'anga." ) In the north of the dialect area, however, the preterital limit is noticeable, that is, in the Thuringian towns of Judenbach or Bockstadt , the past tense of some verbs is already included Expressed the common past tense in the North German dialects , which is otherwise unknown in East Franconian . In Sachsenbrunn and Lauscha, which are close to the Rennsteig outside the Itzgründischen dialect area, the past tense is already used for more than three quarters of the verbs.
• If there is uninhibited chatting in dialect, sentence constructions with a double negative can also be heard, for example: “If there kää Gald niä host, kaas da de fei nex keaf.” (If you (don't) have money, you can't buy anything. ") or " Doumit kaast da kä Eä niä Eigelech. " (You cannot (not) insert honor with this.)
• As usual in Main Franconia, the modal particle “fei” and the diminutive form -lein - -la (locally also -le ) are used very often and with great pleasure.

(Note: Since there is no standardized written form, the text is approximated by "normal" letters, which differ from different authors. In this article, the (more precise) designation according to the international phonetic alphabet (IPA) is dispensed with.)

Numbers in Sonneberg dialect

One - Eas Two - two Three - three y Four - four Five - five Six - segs Seven - Siem Eight - oh Nine - nine Ten - Zea

Eleven - Eleven Twelve - twelve Thirteen - Draza Fourteen - Vierza Fifteen - Foxza Sixteen - Sachza Seventeen - Siebza Eighteen - Achza Nineteen - Nanza Twenty - twenty

Twenty-one - Eanazwanzich Twenty-two - Zwejiazwanzich Twenty-three - three years old Twenty-four - four in twos Twenty-five - Fümfazwanzich Twenty-six - Segsazwanzich Twenty-seven - Siemazwanzich Twenty-eight - Achdazwanzich Twenty-nine - nine twenty- nine Thirty-thirty- one

Deviating from this, the times (morning and afternoon) are given as follows:

One o'clock - Easa Two o'clock - Zweja Three o'clock - three yes Four o'clock - Viera Five o'clock - Fümfa Six o'clock - Segsa

Seven o'clock - Siema Eight o'clock - Achda Nine o'clock - Neuna Ten o'clock - Zeana Eleven o'clock - Elfa Twelve o'clock - Zwölfa

Example: It is one o'clock. - It's in Easa. (The i of in is 'swallowed' to the extent that it is only partially audible.)

Weekdays in Sonneberg dialect

Monday - Maadich Tuesday - Tuesday Wednesday - middle week

Thursday - Dunnerschdich Friday - Freidich

Saturday - Sunamd Sunday - Sundich

Variations in comparison with the Upper Franconian

Itzgründisch has a multitude of local variations. A girl in Haselbach is called "Mädle" , in neighboring Steinach "Mädla" and in Sonneberg "Meadla" . The differences to Upper Franconian , which is also spoken in Heinersdorf in the Sonneberg district, are even clearer .

Standard German	Itzgründisch	Upper Franconian
girl	Meadla (Madla)	Madla
Heinersdorf	Heaneschdaff	Haaneschdaff
be called	heasn	haasn
two plums	two Gwadschge	between Zwetschgä
sparrow	Schperk	Schbootz
arrived	akumma	akumma
brought over	nübe ghuald	nübe ghold
down	nou, nunde	well
grass	Grous	Grous
Rabbit, rabbits	Hous, Housn	Hos, Hosn (Has, Hasn)
Nose, noses	Nous, nousn	Nos, Nosn (Nas, Nasn)
Pants, pants, top	Huas, Huasn, etc.	Hos, Hosn (Husn), om
red, distress, bread	ruad, Nuad, Bruad	rod, nod, bread
one; hot	eas (ääs); heas (hääs)	ans (ääs); haas (hääs)
Not	niä (niät, net)	net (niät)
Salt shaker (on the table)	Soulznapfla (Salznäpfla)	Salzbüchsle (Salznäpfle)
Cup	Kabbla	Dässla
Dumpling, dumplings	Kluess, Kluess	Dumpling, dumpling / lump
home	deheam (dehamm), hämma	there, there
Fishbone	Graadn	Graidn
I can help you.	I kaa de ghalf (helper).	I kaa de (you) to help.
Come (come) here.	Gih amo haa.	Go amol huh.
a broad board	a breads braad	a braads breed
fog	Naabl	Nejbl

Dialect Atlas

• Thuringian Dialect Atlas, Issue 27, 1969, German Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Akademie-Verlag-Berlin

The dialect atlas shows the distribution of parts of speech and the corresponding sound shifts.

literature

• August Schleicher: Popular things from Sonneberg in the Meininger Oberlande . H. Böhlau, Weimar 1858 ( Google Books ).
• Otto Felsberg: The Koburg dialect . In: Communications of the geographical society (for Thuringia) to Jena. At the same time organ of the botanical association for the whole of Thuringia , Volume 6, Jena 1888, pp. 127–160 ( Google Books - US ).
• Karl Ehrlicher: On the syntax of the Sonneberg dialect. Use of interjection, noun and adjective . Inaugural dissertation at the High Philosophical Faculty of the University of Leipzig 1906 ( Google Books - US ).
• Alfred Förster: Phonetics and vocalism of the East Franconian dialect of the city of Neustadt (Saxony-Coburg) . Jena 1912 and Borna-Leipzig 1913 (partial print).
• Wilhelm Niederlöhner: Investigations into the linguistic geography of the Coburg country on the basis of vocalism . Erlangen 1937.
• Eduard Hermann: The Coburg dialect . In: Adolf Siegel (Hrsg.): Coburg local history and local history . Part 2, Issue 20 Coburg 1957.
• Heinz Sperschneider: Studies on the syntax of the dialects in the eastern Thuringian Forest . German dialect geography 54, Marburg 1959.
• Emil Luthardt: Dialect and folk things from Steinach, Thuringian Forest, and dialect geographic studies in the district of Sonneberg, in the district of Eisfeld, district of Hildburghausen and in Scheibe, in the district of Oberweißbach, district of Rudolstadt . Dissertation. Hamburg 1963.
• Harry Karl: The Heinersdorfer Idiotikon . Kronach 1988.
• Horst Bechmann-Ziegler: Dialect dictionary of our homeland Neustadt b. Coburg . Neustadt near Coburg 1991.
• Horst Traut: The song manuscript of Johann Georg Steiner from Sonneberg in the tradition by August Schleicher . Hain, Rudolstadt 1996, ISBN 3-930215-27-6 .
• Wolfgang Lösch: On the dialect situation in the border between southern Thuringia and northern Bavaria . In: Dieter Stellmacher (Ed.): Dialectology between tradition and new approaches . ZDL supplement 109, Stuttgart 2000, pp. 156-165.
• Karl-Heinz Großmann (Ed.): Thuringian-Franconian dialect salad . Self-published by AK Mundart Südthüringen e. V., Mengersgereuth-Hammern 2004.
• Karl-Heinz Großmann (Ed.): Precision landing . Self-published by AK Mundart Südthüringen e. V., Mengersgereuth-Hammern 2007.
• Karl-Heinz Großmann (Ed.): 30 un kä wengla quieter . Self-published by AK Mundart Südthüringen e. V., Mengersgereuth-Hammern 2009.
• Else Feldkeller: To Klapperer hotter - Sumbarger Varschla and Sprüch. Salier Verlag, Leipzig 2016, ISBN 978-3-939611-96-7 .

Web links

• Itzgründisch ( Friedrich Schiller University Jena ) (including map with borders of the language area)
• Itzgründisch according to subject groups ( Memento from September 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive )