Judenbach
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Judenbach
community Föritztal
Coordinates: 50 ° 23 ′ 59 ″ N , 11 ° 13 ′ 0 ″ E
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| Height : | 630 m | |
| Area : | 43.18 km² | |
| Residents : | 2365 (December 31, 2017) | |
| Population density : | 55 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | 6th July 2018 | |
| Incorporated into: | Föritztal | |
| Postal code : | 96524 | |
| Area code : | 03675 | |
Location of Judenbach in Thuringia |
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Judenbach is a district of the municipality of Föritztal in the district of Sonneberg in the Franconian south of the Free State of Thuringia .
geography
The place is a three kilometer long street village on a plateau in the south of the Franconian Forest between the rivers Steinach in the west and Tettau in the east. It is located on the once important old military and trade route from Nuremberg to Leipzig.
In the south, the location is characterized by the Spitzberg (624 m) and the Steinhügel (699.6 m) and in the north by the Boxberg (695 m), the adjoining Schindelhieb (714 m) and the Kleiner (720 m) and Großer Klettnitzberg ( 660 m, derived from Slav. Klětъ mountain ). The Glasbach flows through the village.
climate
Judenbach's climate is characterized by its altitude. It is also influenced by the main wind direction from the west or south-west. The summers are relatively warm, but mild winters prevent the proximity to the Thuringian Forest.
The annual mean temperature is around 6.6 ° C, the mean daytime temperature is −2.6 ° C in January and 15.4 ° C in July. Every year there is an average of 763 mm of precipitation, evenly distributed over the months. There are maxima in June with 82 mm and in December with 73 mm. February has the least precipitation on average. When compared to the wettest month, the difference is 38 mm. In the coldest month of January, an average of 18.0 ° C less is reached than in the warmest month of July.
| January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O. Temperature (° C) | -2.6 | -1.8 | 1.9 | 6.1 | 10.8 | 14th | 15.4 | 14.8 | 11.8 | 7.3 | 2.1 | -0.9 |
| Min. Temperature (° C) | -5.1 | -4.9 | -2.2 | 1.2 | 5.5 | 8.6 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 6.8 | 3.1 | -0.4 | -3.2 |
| Max. Temperature (° C) | 0 | 1.4 | 6th | 11.1 | 16.1 | 19.4 | 20.6 | 20.1 | 16.9 | 11.5 | 4.6 | 1.4 |
| Precipitation (mm) | 62 | 46 | 57 | 57 | 67 | 84 | 81 | 72 | 59 | 57 | 55 | 66 |
Former parish structure
The original community Judenbach also included the village of Judenbach, the Grundmühle between Judenbach and Sonneberg, and the Rottenbach settlement and the Räppoldsburg cutting mill on the Tettau.
Between June 30, 1994 and July 5, 2018, there were four other places in the Judenbach community:
history
The place was first mentioned in a document in 1317 in the Henneberger Urbarium, but is very likely much older.
The current border line of the state border Thuringia / Bavaria on the Tettau up to the confluence of the Sperberbach was described as the eastern border of the Coburg care as early as 1194 as the border in Nordwald, the later Franconian Forest . This is a very old borderline that already existed between the Grabfeldgau and the Radenzgau .
Origin of the name Judenbach
The route via Judenbach and the Sattelpass has always been the most effective and shortest route across the mountains and therefore important for the trunk road connection Nuremberg-Bamberg-Coburg-Judenbach-Saalfeld-Leipzig. This road connection is also known under the names "Nürnbergisch-Sächsische Geleitstrasse", "Sattelpassstrasse", "Graefenthaler Strasse" or "Judenstrasse". The name Judenbach is most likely derived from the stream of today's Glasbach, which runs parallel to the Handelsstrasse (Judenstrasse). In the Middle Ages the place was called a settlement on or on the Judenbach. A further reference to the persecution of Jews in 1298 cannot be proven. The reference to the Germanic first name Judo and the Slavic 'jutro bok' to denote a dry transition over the mountains is also speculative.
history
Judenbach used to live mainly from wood processing, fire engines, sledges and chip production, later from toy manufacture and agriculture and forestry.
In the Middle Ages there were several charcoal burners and a glassworks in the vicinity of Judenbach, which was re-awarded in 1418 and was most likely destroyed by the Hussites on their journey to Coburg in 1430.
Until long-distance connections along the mountain valleys and the railway across the Thuringian Forest were built, the village profited greatly from its location on the military and trade route from Nuremberg to Leipzig. Judenbach was one of the resting and preloading points for the crossing of the Thuringian Forest. The army and trade route used the so-called saddle pass near Neuenbau, the most favorable point of crossing the mountains. A brewing right existed in Judenbach since 1447.
The old military and trade route via Judenbach was demonstrably used by dukes, electors, bishops and armies. For example, in 1518 the reformer Martin Luther stayed at the Gasthaus zu den drei Kronen and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe used the Sattelpaßstrasse through Judenbach on his way to Italy.
With the onset of National Socialism , the persecution of political opponents began, but there was also resistance against the Nazi system in the village. Until 1936 a small resistance group worked in Judenbach around the couple Emma and Rudi Suffa, who received and passed on educational documents from couriers. A citizen from Heinersdorf received a one-year prison sentence because such publications were found on him. The Protestant pastor Gerhard Hertzsch openly opposed the German-Christian church leadership in 1934 , whereupon he was forcibly transferred to Melborn and in 1935 dismissed from the Thuringian church service .
A name change during the National Socialist era was prevented in 1935.
From 1952 to 1990 the village was in the restricted area along the inner German border , which is why its residents had to accept severe restrictions on their personal freedom. At the beginning of the 1960s, the entire Rottenbach district and the Räppoldsburg granulator were razed, as they were located in the Tettau Valley directly on the border with Bavaria across from the Bavarian Schauberg .
It was also at this time that the single farm “Christiansgrün” between Neuenbau , Spechtsbrunn and Tettau was razed to the ground.
In addition, there was at least one case of forced relocation of citizens who were unpopular to the GDR regime in the course of the Verziefer campaign .
On June 30, 1994, the places Jagdshof, Neuenbau and Mönchsberg became districts of the Judenbach community. Heinersdorf was added on January 1, 1997.
On July 6, 2018 Judenbach was incorporated into the new municipality of Föritztal.
politics
Mayor of the Judenbach community
Mayors of the Judenbach community since 1906 were:
| Georg Sembach (SPD) | 1906-1918 |
| Konstantin Morgenroth (KPD) | 1918-1922 |
| Georg Hess (SPD) | 1922 |
| Max Hammerschmidt (KPD) | 1922 |
| Artur Schindhelm (SPD) | 1922-1931 |
| Karl Häfner (SPD) | 1931-1933 |
| Georg Hess (SPD) | 1933 |
| Ernst Müller | 1933 |
| Otto Fischer (NSDAP) | 1933-1945 |
| Martin von der Wehd | 1945 |
| Edmund Hess (SED) | 1945-1948 |
| Moritz Hammerschmidt (SED) | 1948-1950 |
| Bernhard Krempel (SED) | 1950-1952 |
| Werner Motschmann (SED) | 1952-1969 |
| Margot Ostermann (SED) | 1969-1974 |
| Heinz Höhn (SED) | 1975-1982 |
| Uwe Höhne (SED) | 1982-1986 |
| Margit Trott (SED) | 1987-1990 |
| Albrecht Morgenroth (CDU) | 1990 - 2018 |
Former councilor
The council of the Judenbach community last consisted of 14 members. The last mayor was Albrecht Morgenroth (CDU).
- CDU : 8 seats (± 0)
- LEFT : 4 seats (+1)
- Free voters : 1 seat (−1)
- Citizens' initiative Jagdshof: 1 seat (± 0)
(As of: local elections on May 25, 2014 )
Culture and sights
Economy and Infrastructure
The manufacture of toys, which until the 1950s was dominated by many smaller private companies, then by the PGH Koppelhund and the VEB Mechanische Spielwaren Judenbach (MeSJu) and which later became part of the VEB Spielwarenkombinat Sonneberg , is no longer significant today.
After the reunification, the company Dr. Franz Schneider GmbH offers a plastics company for the automotive supplier industry in Judenbach, which offers around 300 jobs. In addition, many residents commute to work in the surrounding areas, especially in the direction of Sonneberg and the neighboring districts of Kronach and Coburg .
In addition to the old settlement structure of a typical street village, which has several side streets in the lower part around the church, new building areas emerged after 1990 that were used by many newcomers. A new community center and Kultursaal 100 with an open-air stage were also built.
traffic
Roads lead from Judenbach to Sonneberg , Tettau , Pressig , Blechhammer and Steinach .
Personalities
The best-known son of the village is Erich Apel , the SED functionary and from 1963 to 1965 chairman of the State Planning Commission of the GDR .
In addition, the Bauersachs family, which has a global presence, has its roots in Judenbach. Your forefather Hans Bauer Sachs was a forester here in the 15th century. A scion of the American part of this family, Ken Bowersox 's like NASA - Astronaut several times with the space shuttle flying into space, one of them to the International Space Station .
A well-known son of the community is the missionary Peter Martin Metzler (1824–1907), who made a significant contribution to the modernization of Palestine in the last years of the 19th century .
Another Judenbacher personality was Franz Diez (1914-2000), he drove many successes for BMW in sidecar races ( 21st International Six-Day Drive 1939, 3-Day Alpine Drive 1938, etc.) in the 1930s and provided important insights for the further development of Two-wheelers.
Honorary citizen of the community
The painter Ali Kurt Baumgarten (1914–2009) is an honorary citizen of his place of birth.
Another honorary citizen of Judenbach is the entrepreneur Dr. Franz Schneider, Senior Director of Dr. Schneider group of companies .
Other sons and daughters of the community
- Christian August Friedrich Engelhardt (1835–1909), community leader and innkeeper
- Gustav Louis Engelhardt (1875–1901), teacher and dialect poet
- Gustav Knye (1887–1966)
- Otto Walther Thinius (1892–1960), teacher and local researcher
- Ferdinand Lieberman (1883–1941), sculptor
- Milla Hanf, b. Greiner (1895–1975), midwife
- Berta Engel, b. Bergmann (1904–1998), community nurse
- Bernd Heublein (1942–2004), internist / cardiologist and medical technology researcher
- Gerhard Eichhorn (1927–2015), graphic artist, painter and draftsman
literature
- 300 years of the Church of St. Nikolaus Judenbach. Festschrift of the Evangelical Lutheran Parish Judenbach. Evangelical Lutheran Parish Office Judenbach, Judenbach 2005.
- Renate Hahn, Otto Hahn (eds.): Sonneberger Toys - Made in Judenbach. 300 years of toy production on the old trade route (= studies of folklore in Thuringia. 3). Waxmann, Münster et al. 2010, ISBN 978-3-8309-2322-0 .
- Fritz Hammerschmidt: The economic and social conditions in the community of Judenbach during the 19th century (= Sonneberger Museums- und Geschichtsverein eV, regional history working group. Lecture series. New series 5, ZDB -ID 2377849-0 ). Sonneberger Museum and History Association e. V. et al., Sonneberg 2006.
- Gerhard Heublein: 700 years Judenbach. History and stories. Self-published, Judenbach 2006.
- Bernhard Liebermann: History from Judenbach. Studies and pictures from Thuringia. In: Writings of the Association for Saxony Meiningische Geschichte und Landeskunde. Issue 25, 1897, ZDB -ID 513329-4 , pp. 3-138 .
- 700 years Judenbach 1317–2017, collective of authors of the Judenbach community, Judenbach 2017
Web links
- Judenbach on the website of the municipality of Föritztal
Individual evidence
- ^ A b State Office for Statistics: Population of Judenbach. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .
- ^ Author collective: 700 years Judenbach . Ed .: Community of Judenbach. Judenbach 2017.
- ↑ BfN: Landscape Portrait 39,202 francs forest. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, March 1, 2012, archived from the original on October 4, 2013 ; accessed on September 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Siegfried Pokorny: The name of the Upper Franconian settlement Kleetzhöfe taking into account the mountain name Klět '(Bohemia) and the water body name Klettnitz (Thuringia) . Ed .: Archive for the history of Upper Franconia. tape 85 . Bayreuth 2005, p. 13-17 .
- ↑ Climate Judenbach. Retrieved October 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Ulrich Hess: Research on the constitutional and administrative history of the Duchy of Saxony-Coburg-Meiningen 1680 - 1829 . tape 1 , 1954, p. 123 .
- ^ Author collective: 700 years Judenbach . Ed .: Community of Judenbach. 1st edition. Judenbach.
- ↑ Walter Vogel: How did Judenbach get his name . Ed .: Council of the City of Steinach. Steinach June 1989.
- ^ MDR: Judenbach. In: The Thuringian place name register by Prof. Udolph. MDR Thüringen - Radio, accessed on October 2, 2019 .
- ^ Herbert Kühnert: About some restaurants in the Thuringian Forest . In: Thuringian flag . 6th year, no. 11 , 1937, pp. 581-587 .
- ↑ Wilhelm Wiedemann: Kleine Chronica von Judenbach that is the short narration of the strangest events that happened there from 1457-1870. In: Holdings of the German Toy Museum in Sonneberg .
- ^ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Complete edition of the works and writings in twenty-two volumes . In: Second Section, Writings . tape 11 , diaries vol 1 1770-1810. JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung Successor ,, Stuttgart, p. 328 ff .
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 283.
- ↑ Thüringer Fähnlein, monthly magazine for you central German home (ed.): Judenbach wanted to change his name . 4th year, no. 7 . Jena, Neuenhahn July 1935, p. 752 .
- ↑ Stefan Löffler: "We obeyed their laws because we wanted to stay" . Free Word, local edition Sonneberg July 26, 1995, p. 14 .
- ↑ Andreas Ziener: Grass grew over Christian green. Tourismusverein Oberland am Rennsteig, February 20, 2016, accessed on August 19, 2018 .
- ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 7 2018 of July 5, 2018 , accessed on July 6, 2018.
- ↑ Local elections in Thuringia - election results
- ↑ Local elections in Thuringia - election results 2009
- ↑ Community files of the community Judenbach in the district archive Sonneberg .
- ↑ Died. In: aerzteblatt.de. 2004, accessed October 2, 2019 .