Atlantis (space shuttle)

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Atlantis flag
Rise of Atlantis ( STS-27 )
Landing of the Atlantis using a braking parachute
Space shuttle Atlantis at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex exhibit

The space shuttle Atlantis is a space shuttle of NASA . Named after the first American oceanographic research vessel Atlantis , it was completed in April 1984 and made its maiden flight in October 1985 ( STS-51-J ). The internal name of the orbiter is OV-104 . Her last mission ended on July 21, 2011.

history

From 1995 to 1997, the Atlantis was used exclusively for flights to the Russian Mir space station as part of the Shuttle Mir program , for which it was equipped with a coupling adapter of Russian design.

On July 8, 2011, she started her 33rd and final mission. It transported provisions, material and technology for experiments to the ISS and brought the Raffaello logistics module back to earth. On July 21, 2011, punctually at 11:57 CEST , she touched down safely on runway 15 of the Kennedy Space Center in Florida (USA) . Their landing ended the era of shuttle flights. The program last cost about $ 775 million per mission.

Since the end of the American shuttle program, the space shuttle has been exhibited as a museum piece in the visitor center of the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

In total, the Atlantis has covered more than 193 million kilometers in its 25 years of service.

construction

The Atlantis benefited from experience building and testing the Enterprise , Columbia and Challenger . When completed, it weighed around 3,200 kilograms less than the Columbia. In addition, the experience gained in shuttle construction reduced working hours by 49.5 percent (compared to the Columbia). This is mainly due to the use of heat shield ceilings on the upper part of the orbiter instead of small tiles.

During the construction of the Discovery and Atlantis, NASA decided to have "structural replacement parts" made to facilitate repairs in the event of an accident. The contract was valued at $ 389 million and included parts for the aft and middle fuselages, as well as anterior fuselage halves, vertical rudders, wings and flaps. These spare parts were later used for the Endeavor .

Numerous improvements and adjustments were made to the Atlantis between November 1997 and July 1999 in Palmdale , California. Among other things, the orbiter was equipped with a braking parachute and a glass cockpit , new pipes and cabling were installed and over 800 heat protection tiles and ceilings were replaced.

Missions

No. begin designation emblem crew
1 3rd October 1985 STS-51-J Logo of STS-51-J Karol Bobko , Ronald Grabe , David Hilmers , Robert Stewart , William Pailes
2 November 27, 1985 STS-61-B Logo of STS-61-B Brewster Shaw , Bryan O'Connor , Mary Cleave , Sherwood Spring , Jerry Ross , Rodolfo Neri Vela , Charles Walker
3 2nd December 1988 STS-27 Logo of STS-27 Robert Gibson , Guy Gardner , Richard Mullane , Jerry Ross , William Shepherd
4th May 4th 1989 STS-30 Logo of STS-30 David Walker , Ronald Grabe , Norman Thagard , Mary Cleave , Mark Lee
5 October 18, 1989 STS-34 Logo of STS-34 Donald Williams , Michael McCulley , Franklin Chang-Diaz , Shannon Lucid , Ellen Baker
6th February 28, 1990 STS-36 Logo of STS-36 John Creighton , John Casper , Richard Mullane , David Hilmers , Pierre Thuot
7th November 15, 1990 STS-38 Logo of STS-38 Richard Covey , Frank Culbertson , Robert Springer , Carl Meade , Charles Gemar
8th April 5, 1991 STS-37 Logo of STS-37 Steven Nagel , Kenneth Cameron , Jerry Ross , Jerome Apt , Linda Godwin
9 2nd August 1991 STS-43 Logo of STS-43 John Blaha , Michael Baker , Shannon Lucid , James Adamson , David Low
10 November 24, 1991 STS-44 Logo of STS-44 Frederick Gregory , Terence Henricks , Story Musgrave , Mario Runco , James Voss , Thomas Hennen
11 March 24, 1992 STS-45 Logo of STS-45 Charles Bolden , Brian Duffy , Kathryn Sullivan , David Leestma , Michael Foale , Byron Lichtenberg , Dirk Frimout
12 July 31, 1992 STS-46 Logo of STS-46 Loren Shriver , Andrew Allen , Claude Nicollier , Jeffrey Hoffman , Franklin Chang-Diaz , Marsha Ivins , Franco Malerba
13 November 3, 1994 STS-66 Logo of STS-66 Donald McMonagle , Curtis Brown , Ellen Ochoa , Scott Parazynski , Joseph Tanner , Jean-François Clervoy
14th June 27, 1995 STS-71 Logo of STS-71 Robert Gibson , Charles Precourt , Ellen Baker , Bonnie Dunbar , Gregory Harbaugh
15th November 12, 1995 STS-74 Logo of STS-74 Kenneth Cameron , James Halsell , Jerry Ross , William S. McArthur , Chris Hadfield
16 March 22, 1996 STS-76 Logo of STS-76 Kevin Chilton , Richard Searfoss , Ronald Sega , Michael Clifford , Linda Godwin
17th September 16, 1996 STS-79 Logo of STS-79 William Readdy , Terrence Wilcutt , Thomas Akers , Jerome Apt , Carl Walz
18th January 12, 1997 STS-81 Logo of STS-81 Michael Baker , Brent Jett , John Grunsfeld , Marsha Ivins , Peter Wisoff
19th May 15, 1997 STS-84 Logo of STS-84 Charles Precourt , Eileen Collins , Carlos Noriega , Edward Lu , Jean-François Clervoy , Jelena Kondakowa
20th September 26, 1997 STS-86 Logo of STS-86 James Wetherbee , Michael Bloomfield , Wladimir Titow , Scott Parazynski , Jean-Loup Chrétien , Wendy Lawrence
21st May 19, 2000 STS-101 Logo of STS-101 James Halsell , Scott Horowitz , Jeffrey Williams , Susan Helms , James Voss , Mary Weber , Juri Ussatschow
22nd September 8, 2000 STS-106 Logo of STS-106 Terence Wilcutt , Scott Altman , Daniel Burbank , Edward Lu , Juri Malentschenko , Richard Mastracchio , Boris Morukow
23 February 7, 2001 STS-98 Logo of STS-98 Kenneth Cockrell , Mark Polansky , Robert Curbeam , Marsha Ivins , Thomas Jones
24 July 12, 2001 STS-104 Logo of STS-104 Steven Lindsey , Charles Hobaugh , Michael Gernhardt , James Reilly , Janet Kavandi
25th April 8, 2002 STS-110 Logo of STS-110 Michael Bloomfield , Stephen Frick , Jerry Ross , Steven Smith , Ellen Ochoa , Lee Morin , Rex Walheim
26th October 7, 2002 STS-112 Logo of STS-112 Jeffrey Ashby , Pamela Melroy , Fjodor Jurtschichin , Sandra Magnus , Piers Sellers , David Wolf
27 September 9, 2006 STS-115 Logo of STS-115 Brent Jett , Christopher Ferguson , Steven MacLean , Daniel Burbank , Joseph Tanner , Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper
28 June 8, 2007 STS-117 Logo of STS-117 Frederick Sturckow , Lee Archambault , James Reilly , John Olivas , Patrick Forrester , Steven Swanson
29 February 7, 2008 STS-122 Logo of STS-122 Stephen Frick , Alan Poindexter , Stanley Love , Rex Walheim , Leland Melvin , Hans Schlegel
30th May 11, 2009 STS-125 Logo of STS-125 Scott Altman , Gregory C. Johnson , John Grunsfeld , Michael Massimino , Andrew Feustel , Michael Good , Megan McArthur
31 November 16, 2009 STS-129 Logo of STS-129 Charlie Hobaugh , Barry Wilmore , Robert Satcher , Michael Foreman , Randolph Bresnik , Leland Melvin
32 May 14, 2010 STS-132 Logo of STS-132 Kenneth Ham , Tony Antonelli , Michael Good , Piers Sellers , Stephen Bowen , Garrett Reisman
33 July 8, 2011 STS-135 Logo of STS-135 Christopher Ferguson , Douglas Hurley , Sandra Magnus , Rex Walheim

fiction

  • In the book Space Camp (German title: Ferien im Weltraum) and the film of the same name from 1986, Atlantis plays a central role.
  • In the film Deep Impact , the crew is brought with the Atlantis to the Messiah spaceship, which is parked in orbit.
  • In the film Armageddon - The Last Judgment , Atlantis explodes due to an asteroid that hits the asteroid belt and then bombs Earth's orbit with mini meteorites.
  • In the film Geostorm , Gerard Butler of the Kennedy Space Center flew into orbit on a newer type of shuttle called the OV-104.

See also

Web links

Commons : Space Shuttle Atlantis  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Space Shuttle Era Ends with Atlantis Landing. NASA, July 21, 2011, accessed July 22, 2011 .
  2. Telepolis: A Piece of Farewell to State Space Travel July 9, 2011, accessed July 10, 2011
  3. spiegel.de July 8, 2011
  4. ^ New Homes for Space Shuttle Orbiters After Retirement. NASA, April 12, 2011, accessed April 13, 2011 .
  5. Picture-book landing after the last trip into space. Retrieved May 27, 2010 .