St. Peter and Paul (Beratzhausen)
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The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Peter and Paul is the main church in the Upper Palatinate market of Beratzhausen .
history
The Regensburger bishops had already in the 9th century in Labertal possessions and a bishop ( villa episcopalis ) in Beratzhausen. In honor of their cathedral patron, Saint Peter , they founded the first church there. 1182, when Pope Lucius III. the Regensburg Church confirms its ownership, a church in Beratzhausen is mentioned. In 1241 a pastor is named in Beratzhausen. Also in the oldest parish register of the diocese of Regensburg from 1286 there is a parish seat in Beratzhausen.
In the 13th century the parish passed to the Ehrenfelser and from 1335 to the Stauffer zu Ehrenfels . These also had their burial place here; Their documents and records were also kept in a chest in the church. The pastor's position was filled when the patron saint presented a name and the Bishop of Regensburg confirmed it and introduced it into office. This was also done for the " early knife " and the "middle knife " that were set up later . The Stauffer, who became Protestant in 1521, naturally acquired complete church sovereignty. With the purchase of the Ehrenfels rule in 1568, the right of patronage passed to Pfalz-Neuburg and in 1617, Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm reintroduced the Catholic faith as binding.
The church was endowed with generous foundations by its founders and the following church provosts were anxious to increase the church's assets. An early mass had existed since the 14th century at the latest. The two Zechmeister Fridrich Richter and Wirndl Rayn won half a farm in Oberndorf from Chunrad Chempvoter in 1378 . 100 years later, Linhard Popp gave the early mass in Weratzhausen a hair right from the meadow under the Meysatzmühle. In 1491, Hans Beham sold the tithe of Thanhausen, Hard, Ellenpuhel, to the Proxmühl and Ödenmühl to St. Peter, chief lord of the gotshaws . In 1572 Leonhard Chammann paid 1 Schilling 5 Pfennig from the Frühmesswiese. A midday mass has been attested since 1514 . She received the tithe of three mills, five farms, three villages and several meadows and fields near Peroltzhowsen . While the rich foundations for the church are listed in the church's sage book from 1525 (the pastor could also employ two servants), the market fathers in 1572 speak of the low income of their church, which became Protestant in 1521 , the churches received in wax and peter interest ... which claine interest and A bad income, so that one oblath, speißwein, others need more and the clock has been kept with oil and improvement .
Structure
According to the time it was founded, it should originally have been a Romanesque church, which was later converted into a Gothic building. On the occasion of a planned renovation or new building, plans for this Gothic church were drawn up in 1750. She was for three aisles, had a two yokes long choir , closed on three sides of an octagon; a sacristy was added to this in the north . The nave consisted of five bays with two galleries in the west; the church had a tower located in the central axis and freestanding on three sides with an approximately square floor plan and a room with a ribbed vault on the ground floor . Pointed arcades, which rested on square pillars, separated the wide central nave from two narrow aisles. In 1512, glass windows with the coats of arms of the cities of Regensburg, Munich, Nuremberg, Landshut, Straubing and Ingolstadt were installed in the choir.
Massive damage had occurred at the beginning of the 18th century. Around 1730 the tower was renewed and a new roof with an onion hood was put on by the Neuburg court carpenter Joseph Wildenauer . In 1749, master mason Gotthard Anton Ettl and master carpenter Peter Eichenseher were commissioned to examine the dilapidated church. Ettl drew plans for the old church and at the same time plans for the planned renovation. As can be seen from the maps (around 1600) by the Protestant topographer Christoph Vogel , the earlier church had a stair tower, whereas a later depiction from the first half of the 17th century shows a pointed church tower .
On May 25, 1762, the foundation stone for the new church was laid according to the plans of Gotthard Anton Ettl . The roof structure of the former wheat beer brewery and later leather factory as well as the demolition material from it were used for the new building. To the nave with four yokes and the retracted choir with semicircular end of the dating from the 15th century west tower has remained composed. The interior is structured by flat composite pilasters with accentuated beams over which the arched windows rise. The mirror vaults with briefly cutting stab caps are made of wood. The arched curvatures of the fresco framing and the loose stucco convey the atmosphere of the late rococo .
In the west tower (with copper sheet roofing since 1905) there is a Gothic chapel with a cross vault with hollow ribs and a plate stone. In 1979 the tower chapel was renovated and converted into a prayer room. Above the entrance is a picture of Mary with a baroque acanthus frame .
A pointed arched door has been preserved on the east side of the tower. The sacristy is attached to the south of the choir.
On August 10, 1764, the church was consecrated by the Regensburg Bishop Clemens Wenzelslaus (the banner to the right of the choir arch, however, refers to the auxiliary bishop Johann Anton Freiherr von Wolframsdorf ).
Under Pastor Ludwig Fichtl , the interior of the church was renewed from 1951 to 1953 and 1964. In 1960 an exterior renovation was carried out.
Bells
In 1864 a new measuring bell and the “Kindtaufglöcklein” were purchased from the Spannagl bell foundry ; In 1942 the bells had to be delivered for war purposes, these were then replaced in 1948 by four bells from the bell foundry in Hamm . In 1984 new bells from the Perner bell foundry in Passau were purchased for the partially damaged earlier bells. The bells now make a five-part Salve-Regina chime (d '- e'– f sharp' - a'– h ').
Tower clock
Under Mayor Gottfried Kölwel , a new tower clock was purchased in 1865 , it came to 649 fl and was financed through a contribution of 30 kr per family. This was made by Johann Mannhardt from Munich. In 2013 the dials and hands were replaced by the Rauscher company from Regensburg.
organ
The organ gallery is decorated with brocade patterns and stucco finto . The instruments violin, timpani, horns and trumpets are depicted on the parapet and refer to the church music practice of the 18th century.
On December 13, 1992, a new organ by the Regensburg organ builder August Hartmann was inaugurated by Bishop Manfred Müller . This replaced the organ from 1949.
Interior
The ceiling frescoes from 1764 are one of the main works of the Prüfingen painter Otto Gebhard . In the choir, the farewell to Peter and Paul before their execution is shown. The nave depicts the crucifixion of Peter and the beheading of Paul. The tapes above the belt arch of the presbytery and above the double gallery indicate the new building of the church in the 18th century, which was made under the pastor Johannes Josef Schnizer and the church caretaker Peter Caspar Paulus .
The high altar painting is a work by Johann Anwander . It represents the calling of the apostles Peter and Paul. As a good shepherd, Christ hands over the staff to Peter, in his left hand he points to Ecclesia . The picture was removed from the church during the Nazarenes and stored in the false floor of the town hall. It reappeared during the renovation of the town hall and was used as an altar panel after a restoration in 1963. On both sides of the altar there are statues of Saints Sebastian , Benedict , Joseph and Florian . In Altar extract is God the Father shown. To the left of the high altar are choir stalls with the figures of the four evangelists . The figure of St. Leonhard is attached to the choir entrance .
The pulpit is the work of the Velburg sculptor Georg Leonhard Däntl . It has rococo decorations, the sound cover is crowned by the figure of St. Peter, on the underside there is a representation of the Holy Spirit .
On the left there is an altar of Mary with the altar painting by a Spanish master, which was copied by the Munich painter Wolf. On either side are the life-size figures of Mary's parents , Joachim and Anna . St. Albertus Magnus von Lauingen is shown in the extract . The right side altar is a Johannes altar. The altarpiece depicts the baptism of Christ and was painted by the teacher Hans Krempl from Regensburg. To the left of the picture is the figure of St. To see Zacharias and to the right of Elizabeth , the parents of John . In the extract is St. Aloysius depicted. In the nave there are two more altars on the sides, on the north wall is the cross altar and on the south wall the depiction of the birth of Christ .
In the nave there are also two confessionals from 1765 with rich rococo crowns. The church stalls are decorated with rococo shells; the works were made by the sculptor Johann Gebhard Gschwender from Burglengenfeld (1762) and the carpenter Michael Josef Huegger from Kallmünz (1763). The Way of the Cross was created by Alban Wolf , Munich, and is painted in egg tempera . The market council used to use its own pews in the choir; in the choir stalls are copies of the four evangelists from the pulpit of the St. Thekla church in Mausheim.
Be in the church several grave stones: On the north side of the nave of the grave stone is Maria Anna Theresa , Baroness of lilies (died October 7, 1744)., And Johann Caspar Theodor Freiherr von Lilien (died 1774th), bailiff to Beratzhausen . In the presbytery is the tombstone of Josephus Schnizer , builder of the church, and the two pastors Matthaeus Poeckl and Adams Simpertus Kirchbaur . In the western part of the nave is the epitaph of Johannes von Stauff , depicted in plate armor († 1478), supposedly coming from the Martin's Chapel in Ehrenfels Castle and attributed to the cathedral builder Konrad Roritzer . The inscription reads Anno dnj M CCC LXX8 strab der Edel her Johannes v. stawff to erenfels on suntag to s. virich's day of god . To the right of this is the red marble grave slab of Dietrich von Stauff zu Ehrenfels († 1417). The tombstone was used for a long time as a step at the north entrance of the church, in 1906 it was lifted and this place was preserved.
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Exterior design
The outer facade is structured with pilaster strips.
On the northern porch is the limestone tombstone of Dietrich Stauff zu Ehrenfels (* 1433; † April 14, 1470), husband of Kunigunde von Wolfstein († 1465), severely damaged by the effects of water . In his right hand he holds a flag, the left is on the hilt of the sword. There are four ancestral coats of arms in the corners. The inscription on this tombstone reads: Anno dnj m CCCC Lxx the noble, strict knight Mr. Dietrich von Stauf zu ernfels died on palm evening to the gracious god //// all fairy selenium names . On the north side is another red marble tombstone of another Dietrich Stauffer († 1380) and his wife Anna .
literature
- Robert Dollinger: Eleven hundred years of Beratzhausen in the former empire-free rule of Ernfels. Josef Habbel, Regensburg 1966, p. 77, p. 216–217.
- Catholic Church Foundation St. Peter and Paul Beratzhausen (Ed.): Parish Church St. Peter and Paul. 1764-2014. Rebuild my church. Beratzhausen 2014.
- Franz Xaver Staudigl: Local history dictionary of the Beratzhausen market. Beratzhausen market, Beratzhausen 1996.
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 5 ′ 46.1 ″ N , 11 ° 48 ′ 24.9 ″ E