St. Peter and Paul (Freising)

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The parish church of Neustift - a former monastery church

The parish church of St. Peter and Paul in the Neustift district of the district town of Freising in Bavaria is the former monastery church of the Premonstratensian monastery Neustift , which was secularized in 1803 and whose church became a parish church. It is considered one of the most beautiful rococo churches in Bavaria and is a protected building in the list of Freising monuments.

History of the monastery

Neustift Monastery Freising

In 1142, Bishop Otto the Great founded a "New Abbey" on the course of the Moosach, half an hour away from his cathedral city of Freising. The grave of the Irish wandering monks Declanus and Marinus from the 8th century, a chapel of St. Alexius with a hospital and a chapel of St. Gotthard .

The Cistercian Otto chose Premonstratensians from the Swabian Ursberg for his Neustift . Because the swampy place did not correspond to the clearing order for the Cistercians, but it reminded of Prémontré , the mother monastery of the Canons of St. Norbert. In addition, they were also active in caring for pilgrims, the poor and the sick - the tasks that Bishop Otto had intended for its foundation. That is why a women's convent belonged to Neustift until the 13th century.

The consecration of the monastery church Peter and Paul and the papal confirmation of the monastery took place as early as 1143. Only the provost office itself was exempt from the episcopal powers of intervention. From the 14th century on, the tasks shifted from social welfare to pastoral care. The canons now looked after numerous parishes in the surrounding area. It was not until 1717 that Neustift was elevated to an abbey.

Donations from the local nobility gave rise to a manor around the monastery . This Hofmark only had 59 properties around 1800. Its inhabitants belonged to the Freising parish of St. Georg. Neustift itself did not have a parish church.

The prelate of Neustift was a subject of the Duke of Bavaria-Landshut until the state was decided in 1505 . The city of Freising, in which Neustift had owned eleven houses since the Middle Ages, was considered a foreign country until the secularization of the Hochstift (1802). The maintenance of the monastery was ensured by several self-operated manors, a brewery, a brick factory, the taxes and services of the subjects and the income from the parishes.

Church building

In 1634 the Swedes reduced the old monastery to rubble and ashes. The pilgrimage to Saints Declanus and Marinus, which had flourished until then , was completely extinguished. Today only a late Gothic panel in the Germanic National Museum gives evidence of it. Slowly there was a modest reconstruction. Between 1700 and 1722 the Freising court mason Johann Jakob Mafiol built a church in the baroque style under the supervision of the famous Antonio Viscardi. It fell victim to another devastating fire in 1751.

It was only under the energetic Abbot Askanius Hainbogen (1705–1775), a native of Freising, that Neustift experienced a late bloom. The church that still exists today was consecrated in 1756. In 1775 the tower, which had only existed as a torso since 1714, was completed. The interior decoration, which was completed in 1784, was done by top artists. Johann Baptist Zimmermann created the frescoes on the story of St. Norbert. The stucco by Franz Xaver Feichtmayr also shows, airy and light, the late ripening of the Bavarian Rococo. The church interior is mainly characterized by the sculptures on the high altar and the choir stalls by Ignaz Günther from 1765.

  • Church from the former monastery garden

  • Church facade in winter

  • Tower and nave in winter

  • St. Peter in the church facade

  • Oblique view in winter

  • The pastors of Neustift since 1803

Furnishing

Sigmund Benker describes the overall impression that one gets when entering the church as follows:

The joyful brightness and the loud sound of bright colors have a surprising power when you enter. The unity of the effect and the lightness of the structure initially give the impression of a uniform rococo room. The strict wall pillars with their colossal half-columns and the heavy cornices reveal the underlying high baroque building. At first glance, the room appears very large, although it is actually only of medium size.

Altars

The high altar has a masterfully designed retable by Ignaz Günther from 1765, a six-column canopy, which is inspired by Egid Quirin Asam's retable in Osterhofen . The altarpiece is a replacement for the missing one by Marchesini (1722); it is by Franz Xaver Dietrich (1913–15) and shows the Assumption of Mary. The side figures stand between the columns Peter and Paul, as well as Augustine and Norbert on their own pedestals. Putti swing between the pillars on garlands of flowers. The tabernacle is also richly decorated.

Side altars

The side altars are laid out in pairs and stand on the outer walls of the chapels:

  • Cross altar (front left), designed by Ignaz Günther
Altarpiece by Johann Georg Winter (1764) with Maria and Johannes under the cross
Statues: St. Helena and Dismas by Ignaz Günther
  • Immaculata altar (left center)
Altarpiece by Michael Daenzel (1784) with Mary on the globe (Immaculata)
Statues: Base Elisabeth and Johannes d. Baptist by Joseph Angerer
  • Guardian Angel Altar (back left)
Altarpiece by Ignaz Kauffmann (1778)
Statues: Michael and Raphael by Christian Jorhan the Elder Ä.
  • Nativity Altar or Joseph Altar (front right), designed by Ignaz Günther
Altarpiece by Balthasar Augustin Albrecht (1740), Nativity
Statues: David and Zacharias by Ignaz Günther
  • Norbert Altar (Defender of the Eucharist) (right center)
Altar sheet by Sebastian Engelhardt (or Cosmas Damian Asam ), vision of St. Norbert
Statues: Augustine and Hermann Joseph von Steinfeld by Joseph Angerer
  • Annunciation Altarpiece (back right)
Altarpiece by Ignaz Kauffmann (1778)
Statues: Johannes Nepomuk and Karl Borromäus by Christian Jorhan d. Ä.

  • Tabernacle on the high altar

  • High altar

  • Guardian Angel Altar

  • Immaculata altar

  • Cross altar

  • Norbert altar

  • Annunciation Altar of Mary

  • Nativity Altar

Ceiling painting

These late works by Johann Baptist Zimmermann (with the participation of his son Franz Michael) from 1756 show:

  • In the choir: The handover of the religious dress to St. Norbert through the Mother of God
  • In the nave (across the yoke): The foundation of Prémontré in a place determined by a vision of the cross

  • Ceiling fresco with the handover of the order's dress to Norbert

  • Large ceiling fresco - choice of location for the Prémontré monastery

organ

organ

The preserved organ prospectus with sculptures was probably created for an organ by Quirin Weber around 1720. This organ was replaced by a two-manual instrument with 26  registers from 1908 by Franz Borgias Maerz . The current organ dates from 1992 and was built by the Klais company . The purely mechanical slide organ has 33 stops on two manuals and a pedal . The disposition is:

I echo C – f 3
1. Salizet 8th'
2. Copel 8th'
3. Unda maris 8th'
4th Fugari 4 ′
5. Reed flutes 4 ′
6th Nasard 3 ′
7th Flageolet 2 ′
8th. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
9. Quint 1 1 ⁄ 2  ′
10. Zimbel III 1'
11. Bassoon 16 ′
12. Cromhorn 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – f 3
13. Flautona 16 ′
14th Principal 8th'
15th Drone 8th'
16. Viola da gamba 8th'
17th Copel 8th'
18th Octav 4 ′
19th Whistle 4 ′
20th Quint 3 ′
21st Super octave 2 ′
22nd Cornet IV 4 ′
23. Mixture V 2 ′
24. Trumpet 8th'
Pedal C – f 1
25th Principal 16 ′
26th Sub-bass 16 ′
27. Octave bass 8th'
28. Violoncello 8th'
29 Fifth bass 6 ′
30th Super octave bass 4 ′
31. Mixture bass 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
32. Bombard 16 ′
33. Trombone bass 8th'
  • Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
  • Playing aids : Principal plenary on / off, tongue plenary on / off

Other equipment

  • Abtthron and celebrant seat in the choir,
  • Choir stalls by Ignaz Günther,
  • Stucco marble pulpit,
  • Baptismal font (around 1720) with a small group of sculptures,
  • Stalls in the nave (1756).

  • The church in Christmas decorations 2016

  • View of the organ - with new lights after the renovation

  • View of the organ - with a new celebration altar and a new ambo

  • Choir stalls on the left

  • Choir stalls on the right

  • pulpit

  • Church pews in the nave

Parish church

District Office Freising - in the former monastery, adjacent to St. Peter and Paul

On April 23, 1803, Neustift was secularized. The monastery church became state property. In the same year it became a branch of the Freising parish of St. Georg and at the same time a garrison church. In 1858 St. Peter and Paul was raised to the rank of an expositur and only in 1892 to an independent parish .

The monastery complex, which a prelate is said to have said was a “magnificent barracks”, was immediately taken over by the Bavarian military. Almost all of the Premonstratensians received positions as pastors. Until 1905 Neustift was used as a barracks without any major structural changes. Their economic importance was so great that the village was incorporated into the city of Freising to compensate for the relocation of the garrison. The parish of Neustift remained.

Monastery building

They were barracks first, then a cloth factory. In 1979 the Freising district bought the area. After a thorough renovation, the former monastery has served as a district office since 1987.

literature

  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments . Vol. IV: Munich and Upper Bavaria. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-422-03010-7 .
  • Sigmund Benker: St. Peter and Paul Neustift. (Schnell, Art Guide No. 255), 7th edition, Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1998.
  • Günther Lehrmann: Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul Freising-Neustift . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2017, ISBN 978-3-95976-068-3 .

Web links

Commons : Saints Peter and Paul  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c https://www.hdbg.eu/kloster/web/index.php/detail/geschichte?id=KS0112
  2. ^ Sigmund Benker: St. Peter and Paul Neustift. (Schnell, art guide No. 255) Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg. P. 5.
  3. ↑ Georg Brenninger: Organs in Old Bavaria. GeraNova Bruckmann, 1982, ISBN 3-7654-1859-5 . P. 63
  4. ↑ Georg Brenninger: Organs in Old Bavaria. GeraNova Bruckmann, 1982, ISBN 3-7654-1859-5 . P. 115.
  5. ↑ Information about the organ on the manufacturer's website, accessed on January 15, 2017.
  6. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments . Vol. IV: Munich and Upper Bavaria. Deutscher Kunstverlag 1990. p. 321 ff.

Coordinates: 48 ° 24 ′ 24.5 "  N , 11 ° 45 ′ 29.7"  E