St. Zeno (Isen)
The Roman Catholic collegiate and parish church of St. Zeno in Isen in the district of Erding is a three-aisled pillar basilica built around 1200 based on the model of the Freising Cathedral , which was converted to Baroque style in the 17th and 18th centuries . The stepped portal from the time the church was built is considered to be one of the most important examples of Romanesque in southern Germany . Accordingly, the building is a listed building and also bears the “blue mark”, which identifies it as a protected cultural asset under the Hague Convention . St. Zeno was the collegiate church of the monastery of the same name until 1802 , which was dissolved in the course of secularization ; since then it has served as a parish church for the faithful from the Isen market and the surrounding villages.
history
The collegiate and parish church is one of the oldest church buildings in the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising . The associated monastery was probably founded under Bishop Erembert (739–747 / 48), the second bishop of Freising. The first documentary mention was made in a deed of donation from August 7th, 752 in connection with Bishop Joseph von Verona , who is considered to be a great sponsor and actual founder of the monastery of St. Zeno; he is buried in the north aisle.
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Today's church building, a three-aisled pillar basilica, essentially goes back to the late Romanesque style epoch; it was built around 1200 instead of a pre- or early Romanesque predecessor church. The Freising Cathedral served as an architectural model , because Isen belonged to the Burgrain dominion , a small area under the Freising Monastery . The tower and the western vestibule were not built until 1400, i.e. already in the Gothic period. The latter contains the Romanesque step portal, which is so well preserved today, not least because of the protection from the weather by the vestibule.
In 1490 the vestibule and tower were destroyed in a fire and then rebuilt. The market fire of 1638, which destroyed large parts of the church building, had devastating effects. The subsequent reconstruction took place in the early Baroque style, for example the Gothic ribbed vault and a baroque needle cap barrel were replaced. From 1699 there was a further Baroque transformation, which resulted in the numerous stucco work . In connection with the 1000th anniversary of the monastery, which was celebrated in 1760, another redesign in the Rococo style took place . There were important masters of this time in the church; In addition to plasterers from the Wessobrunn School , the famous Landshut sculptor Christian Jorhan the Elder .
In the course of secularization, the monastery was dissolved in 1802. In contrast to numerous other monastery churches, however, the collegiate church escaped demolition and, after being closed for about 20 years, became the parish church of Isen. In the 19th century, however, due to historicism, there was an effort to free important churches such as the Isener from their “baroque fool's dress”, which was strongly promoted by the Munich cathedral capitular and art historian Joachim Sighart . In the Isen parish church, the ceiling frescoes in particular were removed, so that the white areas on the ceiling of the nave, which are still unpainted, were created. Some other paintings were also removed in favor of dogmatically impeccable representations. In addition, the church received a new high altar and a pulpit in the historicizing style.
Only around 1900 did the appreciation for baroque sacred art rise again. The Isen parish church has now been equipped with a new pulpit and a new high altar , both in the neo-baroque style and preserved to this day. The high altar sheet was made by the Munich academy professor Anton Ranzinger (1850–1924).
architecture
Exterior construction
The church shows itself as an elongated building with a main nave and clearly separated side aisles, so in the typical design of a Romanesque basilica . The central nave and choir merge directly into one another and are united under a common gable roof ; a separation, as with many other historical church buildings, cannot be ascertained, at least from the outside. Above the pent roofs of the side aisles, an upper aisle runs along. Its window reveals are grooved and have a curved contour. In contrast, the aisles contain simple arched windows. To the east the building ends with three apses ; next to the main choir in continuation of the central aisle there are two side choirs that are connected to the aisles.
The 47 meter long building with the western vestibule has a 42 meter high tower on the southwest corner, the position and external shape of which is strongly reminiscent of the Freising Cathedral . Like the rest of the exterior of the church building, it is largely unstructured. Above the belfry, it transitions into an eight-sided pointed helmet through the help of four triangular gables that carry the tower clocks . This is crowned by a tower ball and a patriarchal cross.
Around the church is the old, now abandoned cemetery with a rich collection of tombs from the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is surrounded by a wall that probably dates from the 18th century.
portal
In addition to the comparatively unadorned portals on the north and south sides with a small, open porch, there is the important Romanesque stepped portal on the west side, which is protected by a closed vestibule and is therefore very well preserved to this day. According to the inscription, it is dated to 1180 and was built under Provost Ulrich . The medieval number symbolism that can be read on the portal architecture is particularly interesting. The seven arches, which symbolize the seven sacraments, rest on six pillars, which should refer to six world ages . Ten palm branches can be seen above the lintel , which symbolize the Ten Commandments . In the middle of the tympanum is Jesus Christ, who is trampling a dragon with his feet.
inner space
Since the baroque redesign around 1700, all three naves have been spanned by barrel vaults with lancet caps, which do not require arches . A choir arch , which would separate the chancel from the rest of the interior, is also missing in the former Isen collegiate church. The side aisles, on the other hand, are separated from the main aisle by mighty rectangular pillars, the dividing arches are rounded. From the surrounding consoles on the pillars rise, flat pilasters running upwards in the central nave , from which the richly stuccoed vault rises at a great height - again mediated by consoles. In particular, the design of the acanthus flowers suggests a Wessobrunn master as a plasterer.
crypt
Below the sanctuary there is - similar to the "mother church", the Freising Cathedral - a crypt that dates from the time the Romanesque church was built. This also has three aisles and is separated into two roughly equal parts by means of a step. These were probably created at different times, although it is no longer possible to determine which part was created earlier. A holy grave is erected here during Holy Week .
Furnishing
Wall and ceiling paintings
Probably at the same time as the tower and vestibule, around 1400, the Gothic mural was created above the Romanesque step portal. It is executed in pale colors and shows the Last Judgment - a representation in which the contemporary hope for the heavenly Jerusalem ( Rev 21 EU ) is expressed. After it had been painted over for a long time, it was only exposed again in 1897. There are also two Romanesque frescoes from the time the church was built in the vestibule. They show Christ carrying the cross and Saint George slaying a dragon.
High altar
The neo-baroque high altar of the parish church of St. Zeno was created in 1904. It contains an altar sheet by Munich academy professor Anton Ranzinger with the depiction of the church patron Zeno, floating on a cloud, below on the left an image of the Freising Cathedral with its two towers and the coat of arms, the Freising Bear, and on the right a representation of the Isen church with the market coat of arms depicting a mermaid . The assistant figures represent Saint Juliana (left) Walburga with the abbess's staff (right). While the figure of Walburga is originally from the Rococo, the other figure is a replica. St. Juliana is considered to be the patron saint of the Isen parish church; allegedly their bones are said to be buried in the crypt, but this has not yet been proven.
The neo-baroque high altar replaced a neo-Gothic predecessor. Its main painting dates from around 1875 and is now in the western vestibule. It shows the provost Ulrich in the planning for the new church in the period around 1200. In addition, the church patron Zeno, the mother of God Mary with the baby Jesus and two angels are shown, who shield the building as heavenly support.
Other equipment
In the vestibule there is an octagonal Gothic baptismal font made of red marble , which rests on a likewise octagonal base. Next to it there is a Gothic red marble epitaph with the inscription there is the sepultura and size of the Pfäffing and a representation of Anna selbdritt . The neo-baroque pulpit , which is attached to the Gospel side, dates back to 1904 like the high altar. Opposite it, on the south wall of the central nave, is one of the oldest pieces of equipment in the church, a life-size, late-Gothic crucifix from around 1530.
A painting of the Apocalyptic Woman ( Rev 21 EU ) can be seen in the north aisle above the north portal . It is a copy of a work by the famous Dutch baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens . The following story has been handed down: The Freising Prince-Bishop Albert Sigismund (term of office 1652–1685) did not want to do without the familiar altar painting from the Freising Cathedral when he came to Isen from time to time and therefore had a copy made for the Isen collegiate church that has been preserved to this day. The altarpiece from the cathedral, on the other hand, came to the Alte Pinakothek in Munich in the course of secularization ; the cathedral received only one copy back in 1926. Since then, the Isener people can claim to have the much more valuable, as it is almost contemporary, copy of the work.
organ
The organ was built in 1970 by the organ builder Anton Staller from Grafing near Munich . It comprises a total of 1558 metal and wooden pipes.
Bells
A five-part bell with the tone sequence d 1 –f 1 –g 1 –a 1 –c 2 sounds from the tower of the parish church of St. Zeno . The bells in detail:
| No. | Surname | Casting year | Caster | Chime |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Patrona Bavariae | 1947/48 | Karl Czudnochowsky, Erding | d 1 |
| 2. | St. Zeno | 1586 | Wolfgang Steger, Munich | f 1 |
| 3. | St. Joseph | 1947/48 | Karl Czudnochowsky, Erding | g 1 |
| 4th | Rosary bell | a 1 | ||
| 5. | Death bell | c 2 |
literature
- Georg Brenninger : The churches in the Isen parish association . Catholic Church Administration Isen (ed.), Isen 1997, pp. 3–8.
Web links
- Information and pictures as well as a 360-degree panorama of the collegiate and parish church of St. Zeno
- Munich church radio: Sankt Zeno in Isen from above
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Reinold Härtel: The parish church of St. Zeno . Online at www.erzbistum-muenchen.de; Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ↑ The Church of St. Zeno . Online at www.iseninfos.de; Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Reinold Härtel: Parish Church of St. Zeno . Online at www.isen.de; Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ↑ The ravages of time gnaw the organ . Online at www.merkur.de; Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ^ Isen, parish church of St. Zeno . Online at glockenklaenge.de; Retrieved July 25, 2017.
- ^ Isen (ED), St. Zeno - Bell for the patronage . Online at www.youtube.com; Retrieved May 25, 2017.
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 '44 " N , 12 ° 3' 28.4" E