City residence Landshut

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Exterior view of the Landshut city residence from the east (2014), in the foreground the temporarily exhibited sculpture Tanz IV by Robert Schad
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Coffered ceiling in the Italian hall (2010)

The Landshut city residence is a palace building in the middle of Landshut's old town , which was built between 1536 and 1543 under Duke Ludwig X. and used by various nobles for residential purposes. It is generally considered to be the earliest work of Renaissance architecture north of the Alps based on Italian models . Above all, the Palazzo del Te in Mantua is seen as a model for the Landshut palace construction. According to recent research results, however, it can be regarded as a major work of the High Renaissance and as such was also a model for later palace buildings in Italy . The famous northern Italian architect Andrea Palladio in particular seems to have been heavily influenced by the Landshut building in his later work.

History and architecture

First of all, the Augsburg master builder Bernhard Zwitzel erected the so-called German building in 1536/37 , which today forms the east wing of the residence and thus also its façade facing the old town. At around the same time, Duke Ludwig X took a great interest in the Palazzo del Te in Mantua on a visit to Italy and hired its famous architect Giulio Romano to expand his city residence. From 1537 onwards , he built the so-called Italian building, a typical Italian Renaissance palazzo , towards the rear, i.e. towards Ländgasse . This consists of a north, west and south wing and therefore, together with the four-storey German building, encloses an inner courtyard measuring around 27 × 20 meters. During the construction period, Romano was present in Landshut at least once, namely in 1539, to assess the implementation of his design by the craftsmen and then to slightly modify his design concept.

The three wings of the Italian building have rusticated arcades facing the inner courtyard . These are supported by columns with a circular cross-section. With this, Romano deviates blatantly from the antiquity- motivated understanding of architecture of his time; this would provide square pillars with an architrave under rusticated arches . The solution found by Romano appears for the first time in Landshut and then found widespread use in Italy - proof that the Landshut city residence can also be viewed internationally as a key work of the High Renaissance. Another style element that Romano first used in Landshut is the octagonal coffering in the passage from the inner courtyard to the rear Ländgasse. In terms of perspective, this is warped so that it appears correct to the viewer from below. In the almost identical vaulted entrance to the Palazzo del Te, the master builder had accepted the distortion of the cassette shapes. The inner courtyard , which cannot be imagined from the outside , which ensures sufficient lighting and ventilation of the rooms on the elongated property of the Landshut Residence, as well as the symmetrical staircase arrangement in the entrance hall of the German building, which was unique at the time of construction, were, for example, designed by Andrea Palladio during the conception of the Palazzo Porto in Vicenza picked up.

The state rooms of the city residence with rich stucco work and frescoes are now a tourist attraction of the city. While the stucco work was done by Italians, the paintings on biblical, mythological and historical subjects are by artists such as Hermanus Posthumus , Hans Bocksberger the Elder. Ä. and Ludwig Refinger .

The facade facing the old town was redesigned in a classical style when Count Palatine Wilhelm von Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen resided here from 1780 to 1799. The so-called Birkenfeld rooms in the German building come from this time . Since Crown Prince Ludwig lived here during his studies in Landshut, some rooms were given early wall wallpapers in 1803, which have become rare today . These wallpapers, which came from France, were exposed again during the interior renovation between 1993 and 2003.

literature

  • Brigitte Langer (Ed.): "Bavaria's Land will bloom forever". Duke Ludwig X and the Renaissance. Book accompanying the exhibition in the Landshut city residence May 28 to September 27, 2009 . Regensburg 2009.
  • Helmut Kronthaler: The equipment of the Landshut city residence under Duke Ludwig X. (1536–1543). (= Writings from the Institute for Art History at the University of Munich 21). Munich 1987.
  • Gerhard Hojer (ed.): The Italian building. Materials and studies on the Landshut city residence. Landshut-Ergolding 1994.
  • Iris Lauterbach; Endemann Klaus; Christoph Luitpold Frommel (ed.): The Landshut city residence. Architecture and furnishings (= publications of the Central Institute for Art History XIV). Munich 1998.
  • Heike Werner, Matthias Wallner: Architecture and History in Germany . Edition Werner, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-9809471-1-4 , pp. 64-65.

Web links

Commons : Stadtresidenz Landshut  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Klaus Endemann: Giulio Romano and Andrea Palladio. The Landshut residence of Duke Ludwig X. and its reception in Palladio's early palace concepts. In: Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte , issue 1/2017, pp. 35–82. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich / Berlin.
  2. ^ Howard Burns: Giulio Romano and the Palazzo Thiene, Vicenza. In: Guido Beltramini, Howard Burns (ed.): Palladio, Royal Academy of Arts, London 2008, ISBN 978-1-905711-24-6 , p. 42.
  3. ↑ a b Landshuter newspaper of 21 October 2017: , p. 28
  4. ↑ a b Landshut city residence - information for visitors . Online at www.burg-trausnitz.de ; accessed on November 6, 2017.

Coordinates: 48 ° 32 '10.4 "  N , 12 ° 9' 3.2"  E