Tattoo artist

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tattoo artist Don Ed Hardy at the Tattoo Convention in Sacramento Cal., 1980
Tattoo artist at work

A tattoo artist is a person who permanently tattoos the skin using an appropriate instrument, usually an electric tattoo machine , using tattoo ink, ink or other coloring agents.

Training and professional law

German-speaking area

GermanyGermany Germany

Legally regulated training has not yet been planned in Germany. Usually tattooists learn the necessary skills from experienced colleagues or self-taught . However, since 2016 there has been serious discussion about a professional access regulation.

From the point of view of many authorities, the activity of the tattoo artist is a commercial handicraft or a commercial activity . "A young guard of tattooists comes from the arts - and transfers their own motifs to the bodies of paying customers" and more and more tattooists see themselves as artists and thus part of the liberal professions .

Manfred Kohrs refused from the start that tattooing was a commercial activity and was already working on "combining tattooing and art" in the mid-1970s.

In 2007, Heiko Gantenberg , owner of the tattoo studio with art studio and work show Fort Notch in Marl , was granted the status of a visual artist by the Social Court of Gelsenkirchen in order to be accepted into the artists' social fund . Based on an expert opinion by Timm Ulrichs , a German court recognized a tattoo artist as an artist for the first time; however, the court expressly stated that it was an individual decision.

In Germany, the Association of German Organized Tattooists holds hygiene seminars. The courses for the acquisition of expert knowledge part I & II, according to the infection hygiene regulations of the federal states, are organized by the tattoo artist and hygiene supervisor of the DOT Heribert Nentwig (Herry) and carried out by the UETA.

Tax aspects

The creation of a tattoo is considered to be a different service for tax purposes , since the economic content of the service does not - as is the case with a delivery - transfer the power of disposal over an object. In the case of a tattoo, ornaments or images are applied by piercing the human skin. In terms of sales tax law, the transfer of the dyes is not to be seen as a delivery of an item, as the dye is only an aid to the tattoo provided as agreed. It is therefore taxable and is taxed at the standard tax rate ( Section 12 (1) UStG). The service is also not subject to § 12 para. 2 no. 1 sentence 1 UStG i. V. m. No. 53 letter a of the annex to the UStG the reduced tax rate ( Section 12 (2) UStG). This tax reduction is only provided for the delivery of works of art.

SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland

There is also no regular training in Switzerland. On November 23, 2005, the Federal Department of Home Affairs (FDHA) issued, based on Articles 31 paragraph 5, 38-40, 41 paragraph 2, 42 paragraphs 2 and 3, 43 paragraph 3 and 80 paragraph 9 of the Ordinance on Foodstuffs and Utility Articles of 23 November 20052 (LGV), the ordinance on objects for human contact, which also regulates “tattoo inks and dyes for permanent make-up and their labeling, as well as apparatus and instruments for piercing, tattooing and permanent make-up” .

AustriaAustria Austria

In Austria, the situation is similar to that in Switzerland, the ordinance of the Federal Minister of Economics and Labor on the practice rules for piercing and tattooing by cosmetics (beauty care) traders contains the necessary regulations.

Asia

In Japan, Article 17 of the Japanese Medical Act i. d. F. from 2001: "Only doctors are allowed to perform medical activities". According to the Japanese Ministry of Health, this includes a. the stinging of paint on the skin. The original aim of this amendment to the law was to take action against permanent make-up cosmetic studios with poor hygiene standards. Since 2015, this regulation has been used to arbitrarily close tattoo studios; has already happened in the cities of Osaka and Nagoya .

The tattoo studio

Tattoo Studio

The tattoo artist mostly works in a shop called a “tattoo shop” or “tattoo studio”. Properly equipped tattoo studios use containers for objects that have come into contact with blood or body fluids, as well as an autoclave to sterilize the devices, provided that they do not work with disposable items. Correct hygiene requires the tattoo artist to use disposable gloves in all work processes , special care is required where cross-contamination can occur. The colors used must meet the requirements of the Tattoo Inks Ordinance . In the Netherlands, Switzerland and Austria, tattoo studios are subject to strict requirements and controls in order to improve general health safety in this area. Interventions, sterilization processes, cleaning and disinfection measures are now being documented there in writing.

In Austria, since 2003, the annual provision of a safety certificate by an accredited institute has been required by law. The equipment of the business premises and the work processes are regulated in Appendix 1, Federal Law Gazette 262 / II / 2008.

statistics

  • Germany: approx. 7,000 tattoo studios (as of 2018)
  • Austria: approx. 75 tattoo studios (as of 2018)
  • Switzerland: approx. 600 tattoo studios (as of 2015)

Professional organizations

GermanyGermany Germany

In 1977 Manfred Kohrs founded the first German tattoo association, the National Tattoo Club , which was only a loose association. The founding members included u. a. Horst Klassenbach , Herbert Hoffmann and Theodor Vetter . In September 1995 the German Organized Tattooer eV was founded. V. (DOT) as the first German tattoo artist association.

SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland

The Association of Swiss Professional Tattooists (VST) has been active in Switzerland since 1994 as an “association of natural persons active in tattooing”.

AustriaAustria Austria

The Austrian Tattoo and Piercer Association (ÖTPV) is active in Austria . It consists of the umbrella association and the subsidiary associations in the respective federal states.

EuropeEurope Europe

As a supraregional association for the interests of European tattoo artists, the United European Tattoo Artists e. V. (UETA) founded.

Well-known tattoo artists (selection)

Germany

Well-known tattoo artists in Germany include u. a. Christian Warlich , Karl Finke , Herbert Hoffmann , Horst Klassenbach , Manfred Kohrs and Thomas Grundmann .

Swiss and Austria

The first known tattoo artist in Switzerland is Dietmar "Dischy" Gehrer, he opened his studio in 1974 in the back room of a restaurant. Well-known tattoo artists in Switzerland include Werner Grob from St. Gallen and Michael Schraner alias Mick, as well as Filip Leu and his family, who are "legends in the scene".

The first tattoo artist working in Austria is Sigi Scheuchl. He started tattooing in Linz in 1983 .

International

George Burchett , August Bernard Coleman (1884–1973), lived and worked in Norfolk and was a student of Charlie Barrs (approx. 1870–1960), Kat Von D , Amund Dietzel , Edward Funk , Bert Grimm , Donald Ed Hardy , Horiyoshi III , Greg Irons , Cliff Raven (1932-2001) pupil of Phil Sparrow , worked in Chicago and Hollywood . Samuel O'Reilly , Joseph O'Sullivan , Paul Rogers († 1990) students of August Bernard Coleman, Sailor Jerry , Henk Schiffmacher Les Skuse , Janet Skuse (1943–2007), Samuel M. Steward , Lyle Tuttle , David Yurkew and Leo Zulueta , known as the "father of modern tribal tattoos".

Trivia

Dr Dietz Archive Manfred Kohrs.jpg

Heinrich Dietz ( pseudonym Henry Dixon) (* around 1911; † September 22, 1979 ) was a German doctor and tattoo artist who was the first and, as far as known, only licensed doctor to run a tattoo studio. Dietz studied medicine and graduated with doctorate to Dr. med. from. In 1969 Dietz ended his career as a doctor due to a back problem. In the following years he tried his hand at writing in the USA, but was unsuccessful and returned to Hamburg. There he got a tattoo from Herbert Hoffmann and liked the profession of tattoo artist. He opened a tattoo parlor at Talstraße 24 in the Hamburg district of St. Pauli and tattooed around 2,000 customers until his death. His best known customer was Rocky, the Iroquois . Dietz died of heart failure in his Hamburg apartment.

Tattoo artists in different cultures

See also

Portal: Body Modification  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the subject of Body Modification

literature

Web links

Commons : Tattoo artist  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Employment Agency
  2. Urban Slamal: Professional access regulation for tattoo artists ? A long overdue project. In: Legal Tribune Online. July 1, 2016, accessed September 18, 2018 .
  3. Tattoo studio - commercial law requirements. (PDF) In: Information from the IHK / HWK starter centers in Rhineland-Palatinate. Retrieved August 21, 2016 .
  4. Tattoos as body art. In: Euromaxx - Life and Culture in Europe. November 12, 2013, accessed November 18, 2018 .
  5. Romy Campe: GAT 2016 - Greetings from tattoos in the Willner brewery. In: Art Life Berlin. Retrieved October 29, 2016 .
  6. Portrait of an artist - Manfred's pictures drive a tram . In: NaNa Hannover , No. 36, December 23, 1982.
  7. Tattoo Kulture Magazine : January 20, 2019: Issue No.29: Boards That Mean the World December 1, 2018-16. March 2019 Fort Notch, Marl
  8. ^ Judgment of the Social Court Gelsenkirchen from February 28, 2007
  9. "Of course, tattoos are art" . sueddeutsche.de; Retrieved June 22, 2012
  10. Tattooist recognized as an artist . In: KulturSpiegel , February 2008; Retrieved June 22, 2012
  11. Marta Fröhlich: Koblenzer: There is a lot of botch hygiene when it comes to tattoos. Tattoo artist Herry Nentwig moved to Brussels to advocate uniform guidelines . In: Rhein-Zeitung of January 3, 2015.
  12. UETA e. V. - News 2017 , Retrieved September 22, 2018.
  13. BFH judgment of July 23, 1998 (VR 87/97) BStBl. 1998 II p. 641.
  14. Ordinance on objects for human contact , accessed on August 16, 2016
  15. Federal Law Gazette II No. 141/2003
  16. Manuel Chillagano: Japan's tattoo artist: Struggle for body art. In: Spiegel Online . May 11, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2016 .
  17. ↑ Proof of harmlessness for the Republic of Austria ( Memento from September 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 411 kB)
  18. tattoo-evaluation.de
  19. ^ Friederike Milbradt: Map of Germany tattoo studios. In: ZEITmagazin , No. 46/2015
  20. Susanne Klement: How do I find the right tattoo studio in Vienna? In: stadt-wien.at. September 23, 2018. Retrieved September 23, 2018 .
  21. Monica Müller: Tattoos without limits - everyone is allowed to. In: migrosmagazin.ch. April 27, 2015, accessed December 4, 2018 .
  22. Stadtkind Hannovermagazin , July 2016 edition, p. 47.
  23. NaNa - Hannoversche Wochenschau , No. 36, December 23, 1982.
  24. Offenbach-Post , No. 180, 1984, youth page
  25. tattoo reviews ( Memento of the original from November 7th, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on March 5, 2011) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tattoo-evaluation.de
  26. NaNa - Hannoversche Wochenschau , No. 36 of December 23, 1982.
  27. Offenbach-Post , No. 180, 1984, youth page
  28. tattoo reviews ( Memento of the original from November 7th, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on March 5, 2011) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tattoo-evaluation.de
  29. dot-ev.de , accessed on August 16, 2016
  30. swiss.tattoo , accessed on August 16, 2016
  31. ÖTPV Official website
  32. Official website of the United European Tattoo Artists
  33. ^ German organized tattooists. In: Tattoo Spirit. April 19, 2014, accessed September 18, 2018 .
  34. Manfred Kohrs : Straßenbach, mentor of the tattoo youth , in: Tattoo Kulture Magazine 34, Issue 5, September / October 2019, pp. 26–32.
  35. " Carousel ". SRF, September 4, 1978
  36. Tattooed a colleague at twelve . In: Tagblatt , October 8, 2014:
  37. Melissa Müller: The Rolls-Royce under tattoos , in: Tagblatt of February 4, 2019
  38. Bettina Bestgen: Filip Leu: Exclusive portrait of the world-famous tattoo artist in: SRF from January 5, 2017.
  39. Barbara Eidenberger: stitch for stitch forever in: OÖsterreich from May 28, 2016
  40. Editor: Patricia Brock: Tattoo Artist - Visiting Austria's first tattoo artist in: lt1.at from September 23, 2016
  41. Tattoo portraits: August “Cap” Coleman tattoolife.com
  42. ^ Albert L. Morse: The Tattoists . 1st edition. 1977, ISBN 0-918320-01-1 , pp. 16/17
  43. ^ Albert L. Morse: The Tattoists . 1st edition. 1977, ISBN 0-918320-01-1 , p. 20
  44. ^ Albert L. Morse: The Tattoists . 1st edition. 1977, ISBN 0-918320-01-1 , p. 44
  45. ^ Albert L. Morse: The Tattoists . 1st edition. 1977, ISBN 0-918320-01-1 , p. 20
  46. "Hanky ​​Panky" - The tattoo artist of the superstars . Welt Online , January 20, 2013
  47. Tattooed Army Girl Gets Show Offers . In: Daily Mail , March 14, 1964
  48. The Hamburger Morgenpost of April 21, 1979 writes "... described the 67 year old."
  49. Christian Stiebling, Michael Pentzien: Works of art on bare skin - by a real Dr. med. ... In: Hamburger Morgenpost , September 16, 1978, p. 5.
  50. The Iroquois was his masterpiece . In: Hamburger Abendblatt , April 23, 1979.
  51. Dr. Dietz, the tattoo artist from St. Pauli, died in bed . In: BILD , April 21, 1979, Hamburg edition No. 93/16.
  52. Tattooist: snake on the forehead . In: Der Spiegel . No. 10 , 1951 ( online ).