Uvea (Kingdom)
| Royaume coutumier d'Uvéa | |||||
| Kingdom of Uvea | |||||
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| Official language |
de jure : French de facto : Wallisian |
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| Capital | Mata-utu | ||||
| Form of government | Kingdom in the French overseas territory of Wallis and Futuna | ||||
| Head of state | King of Uvea Patalione Kanimoa | ||||
| Head of government | Prime Minister of Uvea Mikaele Halagahu | ||||
| surface | 78 km² | ||||
| population | 8342 (2018) | ||||
| Population density | 107 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| currency | CFP Franc | ||||
| National anthem | Marseillaise | ||||
| Time zone | UTC + 12 | ||||
| License Plate | F. | ||||
| ISO 3166 | WF-UV | ||||
| Internet TLD | .wf | ||||
| Telephone code | +681 | ||||
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Uvea ( French Uvéa , wallisianisch ' uvea ; rarely Wallis (→ Wallis Islands )) is a kingdom on the Wallis Islands and lies like the kingdoms of Alo and Sigave in the French overseas territory of Wallis and Futuna . According to the Constitution of 1961, the three kingdoms are recognized by France .
area
The territory of the kingdom includes the entire Wallis Islands. These include the main island of Uvea , after which the entire kingdom is named, and a few smaller islands around Uvea, most of which are not built on and are not permanently inhabited. The kingdom is 16,500 km from Paris.
history
Until 1887
Around 1450 the kingdom of Uvea was founded. In 1820, the Takumasiva dynasty, an important Valaisian dynasty, was restored. Uvea remained a free country until April 5, 1887.
In 1766, Samuel Wallis was the first European to set foot on the Wallis Islands, the territory of Uveas, 150 years after the discovery of Futuna . The archipelago has been named after this British explorer and captain ever since . The kingdom, however, kept the original name of the main island Uvea.
French period from 1887
On April 5, 1887, the Kingdom of Uvea became a French protectorate when Queen Amélia Tokagahahau Aliki signed the protectorate treaty. On November 27, 1887, Uvea was subdivided into New Caledonia, which was also French . On March 5, 1888, the Wallis Islands were merged with Futuna (or Horn Islands ) to form the Protectorate of Wallis and Futuna. On June 10, 1909, the law of November 27, 1887 was repealed, but the residents remained subordinate to the Governor of New Caledonia, in his office as High Commissioner of the Pacific Ocean. From June 16, 1940 to May 27, 1942, the area was under the Vichy regime and from May 29, 1942 to February 1, 1944 under the occupation of the United States of America .
On July 29, 1961, Wallis and Futuna became a territoire d'outre-mer (TOM) . This was done through a referendum on a constitution together with the other two kingdoms. The then King Tomasi Kulimoetoke II agreed to this. The constitution recognized traditional kings. As a result of a constitutional reform on March 28, 2003, Wallis and Futuna became a collectivité d'outre-mer (COM), which, however, did not result in any further changes for the kingdom and de facto only the two terms territoire d'outre-mer (TOM ) and pays d'outre-mer (POM) .
Political crisis 2005
A political crisis began in 2005 when the grandson of the then 50th King Tomasi Kulimoetoke II had run over a person while drunk and was convicted. The king resisted the arrest of his grandson, which on the one hand worsened the relationship with the mother country France, but above all the relationship with some village chiefs. The then representative of France in Wallis and Futuna, Xavier de Fürst, then canceled the payment of € 5,500 to the king, and there were considerations to remove the king. As part of the unrest, parts of the island were briefly occupied by supporters of the king until a French mediator finally recognized the king's authority and the situation calmed down. Kulimoetoke II ruled until his death in 2007.
Another crisis in 2016
In April 2016 there was another crisis, as two possible new kings rivaled. On the one hand, the Faipule of Hihifo , Tominiko Halagahu , became king on April 15th, and the former president of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna, Patalione Kanimoa , became king on April 17th. France accepted Patalione Kanimoa on June 3rd, but both have appointed their own ministers and want to rule as king. Tominiko Halagahu criticized France's interference in internal royal affairs. This continues to create tensions as two administrations coexist.
At the enthronement of the 52nd king there were violent arguments in Uvea, as two possible kings rivaled. The one with Patalione Kanimoa rival former Faipule of Hihifo Tominiko Halagahu comes from a royal family that can be traced back to the pre-colonial period. The chiefs of the districts of Uvea or the villages of Uvea announced that Tominiko Halagahu would be the new king of Uvea after a two-year vacancy created by the ousting of the last king of Uvea , Kapeliele Faupala . Tominiko Halagahu was enthroned on April 15, 2016.
However, other royal families stated that they do not recognize the decision of the chiefs and stated that the royal families are responsible for the appointment of the new king and that the chiefs organize the enthronement and that this division of roles will not be changed. Among the families who opposed the nomination is the family of Tomasi Kulimoetoke II, who ruled from 1959 until his death in 2007. They proposed Patalione Kanimoa, who was enthroned by the royal families on April 17, 2016. The French prefect who administered the area told the local media that the state would not interfere in local, traditional affairs. However, France has sent two envoys from New Caledonia to Uvea to provide security. As a result, on June 3, 2016, Patalione Kanimoa was recognized as the new King of Uvea on behalf of France. France's intervention has been sharply criticized, including by the President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna , Mikaele Kulimoetoke .
population
In 2018 there were 8,342 inhabitants in the Kingdom of Uvea, which includes the entire Wallis Islands. The population is declining; in 2003 10,071 people lived here. This is mainly due to the fact that there are few future prospects in uvea. The economy is weak and few goods are exported for sale . Therefore, many residents migrate to the French overseas territory of New Caledonia.
Most of the people live on the coast . Hihifo and Hahake in particular are more densely populated or the areas are used differently. In the south in Mu'a there is a large forest area and the settlements are exclusively on the coast.
97.3% of the population are Polynesians , the rest is mainly French . As a result, the population is still very uniform and traditional. For example, the Wallisian language is still the main language today. The French , although the official language throughout the overseas territory is, however, only spoken by 10% of the population and only written a few as half the population can not read and write. For this reason, Wallisian is the preferred language and thus de facto the official language in all matters that only affect the kingdom alone . The king also uses the Wallisian language for the administration of the island, while French is used for decisions for the entire overseas territory.
A large part of the population belongs to the Roman Catholic Church . Catholic missionaries came to the island in 1837 , so the island converted to Catholicism by 1840. It has remained that way to this day. Many sacred buildings are evidence of this. There are several churches , chapels and the Carmel de Ste monastery in Uvea . Therese de l'Enfant Jesus. The cathedral in Mata-Utu is the largest and most important church in Wallis and Futuna. There is also the seat of the diocese of Wallis and Futuna .
politics
Uvea is subordinate to the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futunas and the representative of the French President , the Administrateur Supérieur of Wallis and Futuna . In the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna, 13 seats go to representatives from Uvea - 6 seats to Mu'a, 4 seats to Hahake and 3 seats to Hihifo.
Uvea belongs to Wallis and Futuna's 1st constituency . A senator is sent to the French Senate together with Alo and Sigave . Together with Alo, Sigave, New Caledonia and French Polynesia a member of the European Parliament will be provided.
king
The King of Uvea (Lavelua) is responsible for matters pertaining to the kingdom only and has many representative functions, while development aid, for example, is administered by the overseas administration. For the administration of the kingdom itself, the king is assisted by the Prime Minister of Uvea (Kalae kivalu) and five ministers . Each district has several villages with their own village chief. There are a total of 21 village chiefs who represent the residents of the villages. The lazy people as heads of the districts have authority through the village heads, who are elected and voted out in the village assembly.
Article 30 of the Constitution of Wallis and Futuna states that the traditional kingdoms are recognized by the French Republic. The division into the kingdoms is still very strong and the influence of the kings and traditional rulers is great. Women can also be elected to the office of king.
When a king dies, there is usually a six-month period of mourning during which no new king may be appointed. Thereafter, a new king is determined by the royal families. Sometimes the throne remained vacant for several years .
Administrative division
The kingdom of Uvea is the only kingdom on Wallis and Futuna, which is again divided into three districts . Each district is headed by a lazy man. There are three districts in Uvea:
Each district has several villages with their own village chief. There are also some small settlements that are assigned to another village of the 21 villages.
Infrastructure
air traffic
In the Kingdom of Uvea is the Hihifo Airport, the international airport of Wallis and Futuna. From there there are connections to New Caledonia and Futuna . These flights are operated by Aircalin .
Road network
In Uvea there are six territorial routes that connect most of the villages. The RT1 leads around the island. There are also several small roads that lead in the villages or to other places.
Shipping
For the capital of the entire overseas territory, Mata-Utu , the island's most important port was rebuilt and renewed from 2010 to 2013. In Halalo and there is a oil - and Flüssiggaspier.
economy
The economy in Uvea is weak. Most people still live relatively traditionally from subsistence farming . For example, coconuts are grown or pigs are kept. In particular, fishing is still very important. There are few permanent jobs. The promotion of work is also financed through development funds, although these are administered by the Wallis and Futuna government rather than the kingdom itself.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Ben Cahoon: Wallis and Futuna. Retrieved September 10, 2017 .
- ↑ situation géographique et repères historiques. Repères historiques. In: Wallis-et-Futuna. Institut d'Émission d'Outre-Mer (IEOM), accessed December 9, 2017 (French).
- ^ Wallis et Futuna: Confusion à Wallis; deux rois pour un royaume! - Created by J.-T - In category: bassin-pacifique-Appli, Fil-info-appli, Politique - Tagged with: accords, blocage, conflits, désaccords, intronisation, lavelua, palais royal, Prefecture, préfet, roi, royaume d'uvea, wallis, Wallis et Futuna - Toute l'actualité des Outre-mer à 360 ° - Toute l'actualité des Outre-mer à 360 °. Retrieved April 16, 2017 (fr-fr).
- ↑ Wallis: le Roi PATALIONE KANIMOA reconnu officiellement par l'Etat. - nouvelle calédonie 1ère . In: nouvelle calédonie 1ère . ( francetvinfo.fr [accessed April 16, 2017]).
- ↑ Wallis palace occupied to thwart enthronement . In: Radio New Zealand . April 14, 2016 ( radionz.co.nz [accessed September 9, 2017]).
- ^ Sally Andrews, The Diplomat: Wallis: The Real Game of Thrones . In: The Diplomat . ( thediplomat.com [accessed September 9, 2017]).
- ^ Tensions coutumières à Wallis et Futuna. In: Le Figaro.fr . October 11, 2016, accessed December 10, 2017 (French).
- ↑ Recensement de la population 2018. (PDF; 336 kB) In: statistique.wf. Service Territorial de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (STSEE), 2018, archived from the original on November 29, 2018 ; accessed on November 29, 2018 (French).
- ^ Wallis-et-Futuna (986). In: WikiSara. Fandom, accessed December 10, 2017 (French).
- ↑ Reception des travaux d'extension du port de commerce de Mataʻutu (9è FED - Lot n ° 1) - Mardi 7 May 2013. In: Les services de l'État à Wallis et Futuna. Préfecture des îles Wallis et Futuna, May 7, 2013, accessed on December 10, 2017 (French).
- ↑ Presentation économique. In: Les services de l'État à Wallis et Futuna. Préfecture des îles Wallis et Futuna, April 26, 2016, accessed on December 10, 2017 (French).