voestalpine

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voestalpine AG

logo
legal form AG
ISIN AT0000937503
founding 1946
Seat Linz , AustriaAustriaAustria 
management
Number of employees 51,621
sales 12.898 billion euros
Branch Steel industry
Website www.voestalpine.com
As of October 10, 2018

The voestalpine AG is a global Austrian steel-based technology and capital goods group based in Linz ( Upper Austria ). It emerged in 1995 from the steel group VÖEST , which was founded in 1946 and was part of the nationalized industry in Austria.

Voestalpine is represented in over 50 countries and consists of around 500 group companies and locations. The share has been listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange since 1995. The company employs more than 50,000 people worldwide. Sales in the 2016/2017 financial year amounted to around EUR 11.3 billion. The EBITDA was 1.954 billion euros. As of 2019, the group is responsible for 10% of all Austrian CO 2 emissions , making it the country's largest emitter.

history

Panorama of the Linz factory premises . Right, center of the picture: steelworks LD-3 and blast furnaces 4, 5 and 6, further left blast furnace A, far left power plant
Historical logo of the company

→ Main article: VÖEST

Establishment as an armaments company

The groundbreaking for the construction of the Linz Hermann-Göring-Werke , which was completely called Reichswerke Aktiengesellschaft für Erzbergbau und Eisenhütten 'Hermann Göring' Linz , and a subsidiary of the Berlin Reichswerke Hermann Göring , took place on May 13, 1938. The location near the Village settlement of St. Peter / Zizlau located on the Danube - a district of Linz since 1915 - selected. The reason for this was that the wide strip in the east of Linz was almost undeveloped due to the permanent risk of flooding up to St. Peter. It was therefore decided to demolish the settlement and relocate the residents to other parts of the city. The area was largely filled with gravel to prevent future floods. The Weikerlsee and parts of the Pichlinger See were created when gravel was extracted in the vicinity of Linz .

The area around Pichling and Asten was originally considered as a location, but too much agricultural land would have been lost. The area in the east of Linz, on which construction was carried out, had a size of 4 km × 1.5 km² (after changes one square kilometer smaller). On the same area, the Nazi regime founded the nitrogen works Ostmark AG - the later chemical Linz .

The Hermann Göring-Werke Linz and its subsidiaries, the Eisenwerke Oberdonau  GmbH (armaments company) and the Stahlbau  GmbH (engineering and assembly company for the construction of the Linz works), merged in 1939 with the Österreichisch-Alpine Montangesellschaft to become the Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft "Hermann Göring" "Linz is merging.

Without foreign workers - civilian foreigners from 1938, forced laborers and prisoners of war from 1940/41 and concentration camp prisoners from late 1942 - the plants could not have been built and the armaments could not have been produced.

In 1941, after the first blast furnace could be blown, the Eisenwerke Oberdonau began with the production of armored parts, which were assembled in the nearby Nibelungenwerk St. Valentin. By 1944, three more blast furnaces could be completed, and so around 1.5 million tons of pig iron were produced for the production of armored sheet metal until the factory buildings were largely damaged by the war in July 1944. In the same year, the number of employees at the Linz works reached its peak. The proportion of foreigners ( Nazi forced labor ) excluding prisoners of war and concentration camp inmates averaged two thirds, in individual parts of the company up to 90 percent. The more than 7,000 concentration camp prisoners from Mauthausen , who were housed in two camps on the factory premises between 1942 and 1945, were transferred to Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke GmbH, blast furnace slag factory, Linz / Danube, during the expansion of the Linz smelter and tank production at the Eisenwerke Oberdonau and finally used more or less in all production areas of the Reichswerke.

Until recently around 20,000 people (excluding concentration camp prisoners) worked in all of the factories of the Linz works, which, along with the other new industrial companies, had become the city's economic engine. The city's population increased from 112,000 in 1938 to 194,000 in 1945. However, there were also 40,000 prisoners of war, forced laborers, resettlers, refugees (some from settlements north of the Danube, as they feared the approaching occupation by the Russians) and bomb victims in the city.

On October 31, 2014, the contemporary history exhibition 1938–1945 was opened at the corporate headquarters . It is dedicated to the Nazi forced laborers at the Linz site of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring and has been called the Contemporary History Museum since 2016 .

End of the war and reconstruction

Spherical pressurized gas storage and the gasometer cylinder that can be seen from afar

After the end of the war, the former Hermann Göring works were confiscated as German property by the Allies (USA) and renamed the United Austrian Iron and Steel Works (VÖEST) and separated from Alpine Montan AG . On July 16, 1946, the Americans handed over the newly founded VÖEST to the Republic of Austria for trust management . Due to the Nationalization Act of July 26, 1946, VÖEST became the property of the Austrian state.

Factory premises from Krempl skyscraper seen

The remaining 4,400 VÖEST workers began with the reconstruction. First, the power plant, which still ensures the majority of the energy supply, was rebuilt. It is operated with coke oven and furnace gas , as well as natural gas . Then the coking plant, the blast furnace and the steel mill were put back into operation. In 1947 the first blast furnace could be blown again, it became a symbol of the reconstruction. In 1951 three, from 1956 four blast furnaces were in operation. Steel could be produced again from 1947, and in the same year another Siemens-Martin furnace added to the steel production capacity.

Boom

VOEST formed the foundation of the nationalized industry , which later became Österreichische Industrieholding AG (ÖIAG). From 1947 onwards, VOEST experienced a steady upswing and with the development of the LD process for steel production in 1952 at the latest , it became the flagship company of nationalized industry. In the same year, GIWOG - Gemeinnützige Industrie-Wohnungsges. mbH Linz - founded in order to be able to independently provide living space to VOEST employees. So housing estates were built by this company like the Muldenstrasse settlement with 178 residential units in 1952.

After LD steel was also approved for shipbuilding , VOEST considered setting up its own shipping company. The reason for this was that the freight costs for coal and ore transports were subject to massive price fluctuations between 1950 and 1970. The company had to pay between 22 and 120 British shillings per ton . The Ister shipping company was founded, and in January 1958 the first ship was launched at Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft - the Linzertor , which is made 100% of LD steel . But VOEST itself also had ships built. In the Korneuburg shipyard , which belonged to the group from 1974 to 1991 , and which were incorporated into the Hermann Göring works and expanded under Nazi occupation, over 100 passenger ships were built for the Soviet Union .

In 1973 the Styrian Alpine Montan AG (full name Oesterreichisch-Alpine Montangesellschaft , main production site in Leoben-Donawitz) , which was then economically in dire straits, was reintegrated into VOEST, to which it had already belonged before 1946, under political pressure. The other Austrian steel producers at the time, Böhler and Schoeller-Bleckmann , were also brought into the new group at the political request. The newly created company was named VOEST-Alpine AG .

In the early 1980s, the VOEST Alpine subsidiary Noricum (now MLG) was involved in the Noricum scandal over Austrian arms exports. At the time, Austria had an armaments industry with an excellent reputation, which also included branches of VOEST.

Crisis of the nationalized

In the following years, the strong political influence on the nationalized company was increasingly used to secure jobs. This came to an end in 1985, when the company, which had grown into a conglomerate, had been in high deficit since 1981 and posted a record loss of 25 billion schillings , compounded by oil derivative transactions ( intertrading scandal ). As a result, the company was massively reorganized and restructured and the workforce was greatly reduced. The then finance minister Ferdinand Lacina dismissed the entire Voest board of directors and, with a new legal basis, ended the parties proporz system that had been common up until then , which made the appointment of company management dependent on political affiliation instead of economic qualifications.

The restructuring concept was published on September 1, 1986 and envisaged the reduction of 9,400 employees and an additional capital requirement of 21.5 billion schillings by 1990. The Steel Foundation was established in 1987 to support the laid-off staff in their reintegration into working life . The fundamental restructuring and strategic reorientation of the ÖIAG group led in 1988 and 1989 to the formation of seven and six branch holdings and thus to the complete restructuring of the steel area of ​​the nationalized industry in Austria. As a result of the spin-off from the previous VOEST-ALPINE AG, four of these six industry holdings were created or at least consisted to a large extent of businesses and companies that had previously belonged to the VOEST-ALPINE Group. Two of these industry holdings were VOEST-ALPINE STAHL AG and Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Holding AG. The latter was assigned to VOEST-ALPINE Industriebau  GmbH and VOEST-ALPINE Maschinenbau Gesellschaft  mbH (from 1989 Machinery, Construction & Engineering  Ges.mbH). In 1989 VOEST-ALPINE STAHL AG comprised all steel-producing companies and the companies involved in steel-related processing.

In the same year, the six industry holdings of ÖIAG were brought into Industrie- und Beteiligungsverwaltungs -GesmbH (IBVG), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ÖIAG, which was converted into Austrian Industries AG in 1990 and the first step towards the stock exchange through going public - took out the loan . With the privatization law of 1993, the company conglomerate was essentially divided into three groups, which were partially privatized by 1995:

privatization

With the initial listing on the Vienna Stock Exchange in 1995, the privatization of voestalpine , which until then was 100 percent state-owned (in ÖIAG ), began. In 2001 the company was divided into four divisions: Steel, Railway Systems, motion (from the end of 2005 Automotive) and Profilform. In 2003, the decision was made to privatize it completely - the last state shares were offered for sale. In the same year, the traditional company name was taken over again, but with the new spelling voestalpine AG .

On March 29, 2007, the company announced that it wanted to take over the steel manufacturer Böhler-Uddeholm after its core shareholder offered its shares for sale. After the end of the offer period at the beginning of June 2007, the group now held a majority with over 50% of the shares, albeit with fewer shares than had originally been expected. As of September 6, 2007, the stake was increased to 79.2% of the share capital. The integration as the fifth stainless steel division took place. With the acquisition of the remaining shares in Böhler-Uddeholm AG in 2008, this became the property of voestalpine in full. In September 2009 voestalpine AG reorganized Böhler-Uddeholm AG. The Welding Consumables Division was assigned to the Railway Systems Division of voestalpine AG. The Division Precision Strip was part of voestalpine Division profile shape . The Böhler-Uddeholm divisions High Performance Metals and Special Forgings were merged to form the voestalpine stainless steel division and remained with Böhler-Uddeholm AG.

After the merger with Böhler-Uddeholm, the voestalpine Group had 41,490 employees worldwide (as of December 31, 2007).

Global economic crisis

After the collapse of the US investment bank Lehman Brothers in September 2008, voestalpine's incoming orders fell and the situation continued to deteriorate. The group reacted quickly with extensive crisis management and group-wide cost optimization and efficiency improvement programs. The 2009/2010 financial year was the most difficult in decades.

Current developments

In March 2011, through a criminal complaint , Voestalpine uncovered the Rail Friends cartel , in which the company had been involved for decades.

In a 2013 ranking by Forbes Magazine of the world's largest stock corporations, voestalpine ranks 920.

In April 2014, Voestalpine opened a EUR 50 million factory for car components in Cartersville, Georgia. In May 2014, the Group opened its 22nd production site in China with voestalpine Profilform (China) for more than EUR 20 million.

In September 2016, a research and development center was opened in Düsseldorf that deals specifically with the further development of 3D printing with metal. In October 2016, Voestalpine opened a direct reduction plant with its own deep-sea port in Corpus Christi, Texas, after final project costs of 1.012 billion dollars (930 million euros) .

In the 1st quarter 2017/18 voestalpine came with a leap in results in terms of sales operating profit (, EBITDA ) and operating profit ( EBIT ) back to the "pre- Lehman level" as well as a number of employees from the first time more than 50,000 employees worldwide.

In September 2017, a wire rod mill built for 100 million euros was opened in Leoben-Donawitz. It was also announced that a new stainless steel plant is to be built in Kapfenberg, and 350 million euros are to be invested in this by 2021. At the time of opening, it should be the most modern steel mill in the world.

In June 2018, Wolfgang Eder announced that he would be leaving the Voestalpine Management Board on July 3, 2019. Herbert Eibensteiner was appointed as his successor as CEO by the Supervisory Board .

CEO

Shareholder structure

Share capital : approx. EUR 320 million (as of 2018)
169,049,163 shares (as of 2018)

Participations (as of 2018):

The remaining shares are in free float of less than 5% each.

Structure of the company

The voestalpine Group consists of the group holding company and, according to the core business areas, of four divisions:

View of the Voest site in Linz over the Traun and Danube in July 2007
  • Steel Division
  • High Performance Metals Division
  • Metal Engineering Division
  • Metal Forming Division

Steel Division

The Steel Division forms the core business of the voestalpine group and is also the largest unit in the group. In 2013, however, it only generated 30% of sales.

The Steel Division focuses on the production and processing of flat steel products for the automotive, household appliance and construction industries. Hot- and cold-rolled, electrolytically galvanized, hot-dip galvanized and organically coated sheets are produced. There are also electrical steel , heavy plate and foundry activities. Downstream areas are the steel service center, processing, logistics and mechatronics. The largest operating company and at the same time the lead company of the Steel Division is voestalpine Stahl GmbH , based in Linz.

High Performance Metals Division

Construction of a high-bay warehouse for 55,000 euro pallets by voestalpine

The High Performance Metals Division (formerly Special Steel Division ) consists of the world's leading stainless steel and materials companies. Production companies are located in Austria, Germany, Sweden, Brazil and the USA. The division was created through the acquisition of Böhler-Uddeholm . The products include tool steel and special alloys for oil and steam turbines. The main customers are toolmaking in the automotive industry and the consumer goods industry.

Metal Engineering Division

The Metal Engineering Division is a bundling of the rail infrastructure activities of voestalpine. Part of the division are the business areas of rail technology, switch systems, rail logistics and rail services, as well as wire, seamless tubes and welding technology. The products of the Metal Engineering Division are high-quality rail and switch products, wire rod, drawn wire and prestressing steel, seamless tubes as well as welding consumables and semi-finished products. The Metal Engineering Division also offers a complete service for railway track construction.

Metal Engineering manufactures products for the railway industry, the oil and gas industry, the steel and construction industry, the mechanical engineering industry and the automotive industry.

Voestalpine Austria Draht (650 employees, as of 2013) will completely renew the wire rolling mill from 1979 with a total investment of more than 100 million euros. The contract was awarded to the plant manufacturer Danieli from Buttrio near Udine, the central walking beam furnace will be supplied by Andritz AG . Starting in 2016, 550,000 t of wire rod are to be produced there annually.

In 2012, 54% of CPA Filament GmbH (otherwise part of the Steinklauber Group) was acquired and then a new production facility for high-strength fine wire, especially for sawing silicon wafers (electronics, photovoltaics), was built at the Fürstenfeld site, which is to start production in 2014.

Metal Forming Division

On April 1, 2012, the Profilform Division and the Automotive Division were merged to form the Metal Forming Division. voestalpine Metal Forming started with 10,000 employees worldwide. The competencies of the group are thus bundled in four almost equally large divisions. Merging the two divisions has a number of advantages: There has already been close cooperation in the area of ​​research and development. On the customer side - especially in the automotive industry and in the energy sector - there has been increasing overlap in recent years and thus excellent complementary skills.

The new division has five business areas: Tubes & Sections is a leading global manufacturer of innovative and high-quality tubes, profiles and precision steel tube products. Automotive Body Parts is a direct supplier of innovative and high quality body parts to the automotive industry. Cold-rolled stainless steel strip with high dimensional accuracy and excellent surface quality will continue to be summarized under Precision Strip , while sophisticated product solutions in the areas of high-bay warehouses and system racks will be grouped under Material Handling . Flamco produces high quality components for heating and water installations with a focus on the Benelux market.

Innovations

LD process

Donawitz ironworks

The Linz-Donawitz process (LD process) developed by what was then VÖEST is an important invention in steel production, in which pig iron is blown with technically pure oxygen . In 1952 the world's first LD steelworks went into operation at the Linz location. Today's steelworks LD-3 , which opened in 1973, is still considered to be one of the most modern in the world.

The know-how of the engineers of the then new construction department for the construction of (LD) steelworks later flowed into the newly founded VOEST-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau (VAI) (This was merged with VA Tech AG after the division of VÖEST in 1993 and is therefore part of today Siemens Group ).

HSH rails

The voestalpine Rail Technology GmbH Donawitz produced since 1990 ultra long or special head-hardened rails in lengths of up to 120 meters. The head hardening process was developed in-house by voestalpine Rail Technology GmbH in Donawitz.

The first attempts at HSH rails (Head Special Hardened) took place in the early 1980s, but it was not until 1990 that industrial production began on a plant based on its own patent for the manufacture of head-hardened rails. Voestalpine is the only company to supply heat-treated and weld-free rails in a length of 120 meters.

phs-ultraform

In 2002 the development of the PHS technology ( press hardening steel ) began. By combining product and process know-how, voestalpine Stahl, voestalpine Polynorm , voestalpine Europlatinen , voestalpine Krems and SADEF have developed and patented both a process for manufacturing components made of hardenable steel and a zinc-based coating - the phs-ultraform . This press-hardening steel and the products made from it - crash-relevant components for the automotive industry - have high strength, accuracy of fit and corrosion resistance.

vatron / ACCM / LCM

The vatron  GmbH was a subsidiary of voestalpine Stahl and Siemens VAI . It was separated from the research and development departments of voestalpine Stahl and Siemens VAI on October 1, 1998 in order to also sell measurement system developments for the quality manufacturer voestalpine on the external market.

Vatron dealt with the optimization of production systems, especially in the steel industry, as well as the development, manufacture and operation of physical simulation equipment. The product range extends from the early detection of slag in the steelworks, through condition monitoring and measuring devices on continuous casting plants, to optical quality measurements in rolling mills.

Due to changed business interests, the joint venture vatron gmbh was split up on August 1, 2011 and the respective areas were reintegrated into voestalpine and Siemens VAI. voestalpine Stahl does not continue to carry out any separate product activities; research is carried out in the COMET K1 Competence Center Austrian or Linz Center of Mechatronics  GmbH (ACCM / LCM) , where voestalpine works together with the University of Linz (JKU) and Upper Austrian Research . Siemens VAI founded its own competence center for mechatronics on the basis of this area and all of the products from the former vatron GmbH .

Steel world

In 2009 the voestalpine Stahlwelt , an adventure world for adults and children, was opened. In the steel world, the material steel and the voestalpine group can be experienced in multimedia. The exhibition conveys knowledge in the areas of steel production, steel processing, steel products and steel successes.

voestalpine Stahlwelt, lettering in the entrance area

The central world of experience is a huge steel rotunda that is modeled on a steelworks crucible. 80 chrome-plated balls with a diameter of up to 2.5 meters are part of the steel world. There is also the possibility of a guided tour through large parts of the company premises.

Shift work

In Linz and Donawitz they work around the clock in eight-hour shifts . When the shift changes - at 5:15 am, 1:15 pm and 9:15 pm - numerous so-called “shift buses” travel from the surrounding communities in Linz to the voestalpine site and back. Several stops are located directly in Linz. Even non-employees can use most of these bus routes - mostly operated by Postbus - at normal transport association fares.

Line 18 of Linz AG Linien runs through the Linz factory premises with a few courses in the morning and in the evening and connects it to the tram in the north and south.

Web links

Commons : Voestalpine  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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  1. ↑ a b c Annual Financial Report 2017/18. (PDF; 2.2 MB) In: voestalpine.com. Retrieved April 5, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Sigrid Brandstätter: voestalpine boss: “When we switch on an electric oven, the light goes out in Linz”. In: nachrichten.at. September 3, 2019, accessed September 29, 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h History of the voestalpine Group. (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: voestalpine.com. June 20, 2014, accessed August 21, 2020 .
  4. ↑ cf. B. Perz: Concentration camp prisoners as forced laborers for the Reichswerke "Hermann Göring" in Linz . In: O. Rathkolb (ed.): Nazi forced labor: The Linz location of the "Reichswerke Hermann Göring AG Berlin" 1938-1945 . Vol. 1: Forced labor - slave labor: Political, social and economic historical studies, Vienna 2001, p. 499ff.
  5. ↑ cf. J. Moser: From an economic point of view: the importance of using foreign workers, forced laborers , prisoners of war and concentration camp inmates in the Linz iron and steel works . In: O. Rathkolb (ed.): Nazi forced labor: The Linz location of the "Reichswerke Hermann Göring AG Berlin" 1938-1945 . Vol. 1: Forced labor - slave labor: Political, social and economic historical studies, Vienna 2001, p. 335
  6. ^ Museum. In: voestalpine.com. Retrieved April 13, 2019 .
  7. ^ Helmut Lackner: The "Contemporary History Museum" of voestalpine AG in Linz . In: steel and iron . tape 137 , no. 2 , 2017, p. 78-80 .
  8. ↑ Ex-state company on merger course , Der Standard , March 30, 2007, p. 18.
  9. ↑ The history of the steel foundation. In: stahlstiftung.at. Retrieved August 5, 2019 .
  10. ↑ cf. VOEST-ALPINE STAHL AG, Stahl 88, Our mission is success, The business year 1988 of the VOEST-ALPINE STAHL, 6 and ÖIAG group, division 1988 and Austrian Industries, annual report 1989.
  11. ↑ cf. VOEST-ALPINE STAHL, The 1989 business year of the VOEST-ALPINE STAHL Group, 12.
  12. ^ Voestalpine: Böhler takeover with a blemish. In: diepresse.com. June 5, 2007, accessed June 2, 2019 .
  13. ↑ A story of growth. In: voestalpine.com. Retrieved October 23, 2018 .
  14. ↑ New structure for Böhler-Uddeholm. In: nachrichten.at. September 23, 2009, accessed November 11, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Eleven companies among the world's largest. In: oesterreich.orf.at. April 18, 2013, accessed on September 1, 2019 : “Austria is represented by eleven companies in the ranking of the world's 2,000 largest companies published by US magazine“ Forbes ”on Wednesday. […] As well as the steel group voestalpine (938) […] Among the 2,000 companies there are exclusively stock corporations, which is why Red Bull, for example, does not appear. [...] The following key figures were used to create the ranking: sales, profit, assets and market capitalization. "
  16. ↑ Voestalpine continues to expand with a new plant in China. In: voestalpine.com. May 14, 2014, accessed December 17, 2019 .
  17. ↑ voestalpine - direct reduction plant in Texas since April 1, 2017 in full operation. Press release. In: voestalpine.com. May 10, 2017, accessed May 9, 2020 .
  18. ↑ 1st quarter 2017/18 - voestalpine with earnings jump back to “pre-Lehman level”. voestalpine AG, accessed on October 16, 2017 .
  19. ↑ orf.at: New voest plant in Leoben officially opened . Article dated September 26, 2017, accessed September 27, 2017.
  20. ↑ orf.at: Voest is building a new stainless steel plant in Kapfenberg . Article dated September 27, 2017, accessed September 27, 2017.
  21. ↑ Voestalpine under new management from July 2019. ORF , June 5, 2018, accessed on June 7, 2019 .
  22. ↑ Courier: A difficult start for the newcomer . Article dated June 6, 2019, accessed June 7, 2019.
  23. ↑ a b A child of the steel city as head of voestalpine. Retrieved June 29, 2019 .
  24. ↑ voestalpine: Explanations balance sheet - liabilities> 17. Equity. (accessed December 10, 2018).
  25. ↑ voestalpine: equity ; Retrieved June 15, 2012
  26. ^ Company voestalpine AG in Linz . Commercial register data Creditreform / firmenabc.at (last accessed December 10, 2018).
  27. ↑ cf. Bouncken, Ricarda B .; Jones, Gareth R .: Organization: Theory, Design and Change. 5th edition; Pearson Studium, Munich 2008, p. 359.
  28. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on October 7, 2014
  29. ^ Steel Division. In: voestalpine.com. Retrieved February 3, 2019 .
  30. ^ High Performance Metals Division. In: voestalpine.com. Retrieved May 24, 2019 .
  31. ^ Metal Engineering Division. In: voestalpine.com. Retrieved October 19, 2019 .
  32. ↑ 100 million for a new wire rod mill in Donawitz. Kleine Zeitung , October 18, 2013, archived from the original on October 21, 2013 .;
  33. ↑ 100 million for a new wire rod mill in Donawitz. In: kleinezeitung.at. October 19, 2013, archived from the original on October 21, 2013 ; accessed on September 10, 2019 .
  34. ↑ CPA Filament GmbH - saw wire for silicon wafer production. In: tube.de. March 9, 2012, accessed August 2, 2018 .
  35. ^ Metal Forming Division. In: voestalpine.com. Retrieved October 23, 2019 .
  36. ↑ Voestalpine rolling mill opened in Donawitz. In: derstandard.at. July 11, 2006, accessed November 29, 2018 .
  37. ↑ cf. Hans Jörg Köstler (Red.): Donawitz plant, development and environment 50 years of the LD process. Ed. Voestalpine Bahnsysteme GmbH, responsible for the publication: Montanhistorischer Verein für Österreich, [editing and editing: Hans Jörg Köstler and Heinrich Wentner], publisher's own publication, Donawitz 2002, p. 233
  38. ↑ cf. VOEST-ALPINE Stahl AG, VOEST-ALPINE STAHL Group: The 1990 Business Year , p. 18
  39. ↑ Stephanie Bauer: A new “super steel” for the automobile. In: voestalpine.com. October 5, 2009, accessed October 11, 2018 .
  40. ↑ Competence Center Mechatronics , industry.siemens.com
  41. ↑ Voestalpine Stahlwelt in Linz: Adventure world for families. In: mamilade.at. Retrieved May 16, 2020 .
  42. ↑ Get on the trail of steel. In: voestalpine.com. Retrieved April 28, 2020 .
  43. ^ Line 18 (Linz lines). In: linzwiki.at . Version of January 23, 2018, accessed on March 22, 2020.

Coordinates: 48 ° 16 ′ 26 ″  N , 14 ° 20 ′ 0 ″  E