United Artillery and Engineering School

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The school building Unter den Linden  74 designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel was completed in 1823
The buildings occupied in 1876 on Hardenbergstrasse in Charlottenburg .

The United Artillery and Engineering School was founded on November 4, 1816 and existed separately until 1907 for training officers of the artillery and pioneer troops of the Prussian Army in Charlottenburg near Berlin . It is considered to be one of the forerunner institutions of today's Technical University of Berlin .

location

The school's original main address was Unter den Linden (then No. 14). According to plans by Karl Friedrich Schinkel , the school was given a new main building in 1823 at Unter den Linden (center) 74 / corner of Wilhelmstrasse and again in 1876 at Hardenbergstrasse  32A / Fasanenstrasse  87 opposite the royal tree nursery.

Emergence

Before the Prussian military school was founded, the artillery and engineering troops were trained in separate schools. The artillerymen were trained at the artillery school in Hanover and the original demand for the establishment of a training facility for engineering officers was made by Lieutenant Colonel Georg Josua du Plat , head of the Hanoverian engineering corps , on the basis of experience from the Seven Years' War , in which the corps, which was established in 1729 as a Turned out to be “outdated” and insufficiently trained.

Prior to this, the engineering officers in the troops were given technical training by selected artillery officers, officers from other branches of service , as well as by domestic and foreign civilian experts. Models for the royal engineering academy founded in Potsdam in 1788 were in particular the French École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées in Paris , the École royale du Génie de Mézières and the artillery schools of the French artillery brigades. The Prussian engineering academy did not get beyond the experimental stage, mainly because of the war against France at the end of the 18th century, and was finally dissolved in 1803.

education

The re-establishment of the United Artillery and Engineering School in Berlin was promoted in 1816 primarily by the chief of the engineering corps and general inspector of the Prussian fortresses, Lieutenant General Gustav von Rauch . Rauch received the support of the chief of the Prussian artillery, Prince August of Prussia . The training for the lieutenant , who had previously attended war schools and then completed a two- to three-year internship in the army, took place in one-year courses from now on. The training ended when the final exam was passed and the exam was awarded.

The learning content was increasingly expanded and later included the subjects of artillery and engineering, mathematics , chemistry , physics , terrain teaching, tactics , war history , horse knowledge, drawing , English , French , as well as exercises in terrain mapping and visits to the technical artillery institutes.

Participation in the training was voluntary for the graduates, but attendance at the class was necessary for passing the exams, especially as promotions were made dependent on passing the exams. Some graduates were also given the opportunity to visit large industrial plants.

While the instruction of cross-military subjects was considered unique, the joint instruction of engineers and artillery officers repeatedly met with criticism because of the different interests specific to the weapon branch. Therefore, the engineering officer candidates were initially offered additional subjects, from 1834 their training was transferred to the newly founded military academy . In 1907 the school was merged with the Military Technical Academy and continued under its name.

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Major general Anton Christian von Strampff December 19, 1816 to June 18, 1820
Colonel Johann Christoph Neander of Petersheiden June 19, 1820 to October 5, 1821
unoccupied
Colonel Johann Philipp von Rohde October 29, 1821 to April 11, 1823
Colonel dam April 12, 1823 to April 25, 1827
Colonel Friedrich von Loos April 26, 1827 to 1827
Colonel Johann Christian Friedrich love 1827 to November 17, 1831
Colonel Johann Carl Plümicke November 18, 1831 to January 30, 1832
Lieutenant colonel Karl August Wittich January 31, 1832 to November 3, 1851
Colonel Moritz von Prittwitz and Gaffron 0November 4, 1851 to May 12, 1852
Colonel Albert Lademann May 13, 1852 to May 15, 1857
Colonel Karl Julius Kayser May 16, 1857 to September 2, 1859
Colonel Theodor von Troschke 0September 3, 1859 to April 17, 1865
Colonel Hermann Maximilian Bernhard von Rozynski-Manger April 18 to October 1, 1865
Lieutenant colonel Hermann von Kameke 0October 2, 1865 to October 9, 1866
Lieutenant colonel Anton The Lose October 10, 1866 to August 1, 1867
Colonel Adolph Sokolowski 0August 2, 1867 to April 20, 1868
Colonel Justus von Dresky and Merzdorf April 21, 1868 to April 5, 1872
Lieutenant colonel Rudolf von Roerdansz 0April 6, 1872 to June 5, 1874
Lieutenant colonel Karl Jacobi 0June 9, 1874 to May 1, 1875
Colonel Wilhelm Hugo Schmeltzer 0May 2, 1875 to June 23, 1879
Lieutenant colonel Emil Weinberger June 24, 1879 to June 19, 1882
Colonel Hermann von Burchard June 20, 1882 to December 10, 1884
Colonel Friedrich Arthur Koehler December 11, 1884 to March 21, 1888
Colonel Otto Leo March 22, 1888 to October 13, 1890
Colonel Paul of Abel October 14, 1890 to January 26, 1892
Colonel Alexander von Gentzkow January 27, 1892 to March 15, 1893
Colonel Olivier von Hoffmann March 16, 1893 to January 26, 1897
Colonel Wilhelm Brennecke January 27, 1897 to March 26, 1898
Lieutenant colonel Bruno from Mudra March 27, 1898 to April 17, 1899
Lieutenant colonel Karl Delius April 18, 1899 to May 17, 1901
Colonel Hermann Seer May 18, 1901 to May 20, 1906
Lieutenant colonel Fritz Hofmeister May 21, 1906 to 1907

Famous school members

Lecturers

Other noteworthy school members

Werner von Siemens is one of the most famous school leavers , as is the creator of the heavy artillery, Lieutenant General Gustav Adolf von Deines .

Further artillery and engineering schools

A comparable school was the Artillery and Engineering School of the Bavarian Army in Munich, founded in 1857, and the French École d'Application de l'Artillerie et du Génie in Metz .

Web links

Commons : United Artillery and Engineering School  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to other sources, the training company started in 1814.
  2. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon. Leipzig 1905-1909, Volume 20, p. 48.
  3. ↑ There was brown trout and lobster for the 5000th locomotive , TU internal, January 2000.
  4. ^ The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III: Bd. (Der) Militairstaat
  5. ↑ File: United Artillery and Engineering School (from 1876) .jpg City Museum Berlin
  6. ↑ Lars Ulrich Scholl: Engineering School 1786 to 1803 , in: Engineers in early industrialization / State and private technicians in the Kingdom of Hanover and on the Ruhr (1815–1873) , at the same time dissertation from 1977 at the Technical University of Hanover, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences , in the series Studies on Science, Technology and Economics in the Nineteenth Century , Vol. 10, p. 52ff.
  7. ↑ According to other sources in 1806.
  8. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon. Leipzig 1905-1909, Volume 1, p. 830.
  9. ^ Lars Ulrich Scholl: Engineers in the early industrialization , 1978, ISBN 3525422091
  10. ↑ Dermot Bradley (ed.), Günter Wegner: Occupation of the German Army 1815-1939. Volume 1: The higher command posts 1815–1939. Biblio Publishing House. Osnabrück 1990. ISBN 3-7648-1780-1 . Pp. 23-25.