Forest southeast of Netra
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Forest southeast of Netra
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.jpg) Dry grass on the west side of the Eichenberg. |
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| location | In the districts of Netra , Rittmannshausen and Lüderbach of the Ringgau community in the Werra-Meißner district in northern Hesse . | |
| surface | 185.04 hectares | |
| WDPA ID | 555520291 | |
| Natura 2000 ID | 4926-304 | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 5 ' N , 10 ° 7' E | |
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| Sea level | from 280 m to 396 m | |
| Setup date | 2008 | |
| particularities | Special protection as a flora-fauna habitat area | |
The forest southeast of Netra is located in northern Hesse , near the state border with Thuringia . Extending in a Talung of the shell - plateaus of Ringgaus exploiting Dende area is characterized by a mosaic of various forest companies and of lime-dry grassland. Because of the occurrence of habitats as well as animal and plant species that are of Community importance according to the Flora-Fauna-Habitat Directive passed by the member states of the European Union , the area became part of the Europe-wide system of protected areas Natura 2000 . The designation was also linked to the obligation to ensure the protection and development measures required for a favorable conservation status of the habitat types and species in the long term. The “ Feuchtwiesen bei Lüderbach ” nature reserve , which is integrated into the FFH area , with its complex of reed beds and large sedge meadows , is regarded as a special feature .
location
The FFH area is located in the districts of Netra , Rittmannshausen and Lüderbach of the Ringgau community in the Werra-Meißner district in northern Hesse . The protected area includes the Eichenberg in the west, the vineyard in the east and the forest areas of the Liebersberg in the southwest as well as the wet meadow areas overgrown with reed beds and the adjacent agricultural areas in the northeast.
The area is located in the elongated "Netra-Ifta Valley", a tectonic rift valley that cuts through the ring gau in its center and divides it into a southern and northern area. The southern Ringgau, to which the outer area of the FFH area also belongs, is an almost forest-free, arable, undulating plateau. Forests only grow on the steeper southern edge and in the transition area to the red sandstone base. In contrast, the northern Ringgau, which is formed from the harder layers of the lower shell limestone, is almost completely forested in its Hessian part. The Ringgau belongs to the western foothills of the limestone plates that surround the Thuringian Basin and was once separated from its original rock formation by the Werra . In terms of natural space , it is assigned to the main unit of the " Northwestern edge plate of the Thuringian Basin ".
The largest elevations reach the Eichenberg with a height of 388.9 m and the vineyard with 348.6 m . The highest area of the protected area at 396.2 m is located in the southwestern part, on the northwestern slope of the Liebersberg. The deepest point at around 280 m is in the south-east, near Kreisstraße 17 .
ground
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The Netra-Ifta-Talung is described as an approximately one kilometer wide, straight valley in the Muschelkalk with a trough-shaped, partly hilly Keupergrund , which the Muschelkalkplatte of the Ringgau, from the Thuringian Creuzburg in the Werra Valley, at a height of 200 to 300 m over a length of 13 km runs through and splits in the process. In the middle of the valley runs the watershed in the area of the protected area , from which the source streams of the Netra flow in a north-westerly direction to the Sontra and those of the Ifta to the south-east to the Werra. Here the rocks of the Obere Keuper form the wooded ridge with oak and vineyards. In the bottom of the valley there are the Middle and Lower Keupers , whose marls provide fertile arable soils . The south-western part of the FFH area, which partly belongs to the natural area "Südlicher Ringgau", is made up of layers of the Middle and Lower Keuper and layers of the Middle and Upper Muschelkalks .
Habitats
The basic data collection from 2007 showed that there are seven habitat types (LRT) in the protected area. The diversity of the forest with five different habitat types is rated as particularly significant, although species-rich older oak-hornbeam forests dominate, which, with a small exception, cannot be assigned to any type.
- Hainsimsen-Buchenwald (LRT 9110). - This type of forest only grows on the Eichenberg on around 7.7 hectares. Characteristic of the woodruff beech forest are the occurrences of wire blackberry and bilberry .
- Woodruff beech forest (LRT 9130). - In the FFH area, it is the most extensive habitat type with 32.4 hectares and occurs with larger areas in the southwestern part and on the Eichenberg. Smaller stands can be found on the plateau at the vineyard. It is not only formed on the Upper Keuper, but also on other geological layers such as the Middle Keuper and Muschelkalk. Species such as forest sedge , woodruff , common golden nettle , forest barley , single-flowered pearl grass and forest ringelkraut differentiate it from other forest types. The occurrence of spruce asparagus on the northern edge of the vineyard is regarded as a specialty .
- Central European orchid-lime-beech forest (LRT 9150). - The stands are located on an area of 0.7 hectares in the area of the Upper Muschelkalk, on a gently sloping southern slope of the Liebersberg.
- Subatlantic or Central European pedunculate oak forest or hornbeam forest (LRT 9160). - The forest type occurs only in small areas with 0.2 hectares. It is located in the south-western part and settles here in a springy area with a trickle running through it.
- Alluvial forests (LRT * 91E0). - This habitat type has been given priority, which means that it is in danger of disappearing and that there is a special responsibility for its conservation. In the FFH area, it occurs with small stocks and a total area of around 0.9 hectares. The tree layer is dominated by the black alder , common ash and mountain ash also occur occasionally .
- Semi-dry lawn (LRT 6212). - "Near-natural limestone semi-arid grasslands and their stages of shrubbery" (LRT 6210) are represented in the FFH area with the subtype "Sub-Mediterranean semi-arid grasslands (Mesobromion)" (LRT 6212), which is assigned to the gentian schiller grass lawn in terms of plant sociology . On the western and southern slopes of the Eichenberg and on the eastern slopes of the vineyard, it occupies a total of 2.4 hectares, some of which are fallow or undergrowth . They are affected by bush cover and are no longer considered to be very species-rich. The butterfly species and the grasshopper species add value.
- Natural eutrophic lakes (LRT 3150). - This is a pond that was created in the 1980s and is located on an area of around 810 square meters in the area of the nature reserve. The vegetation is classified in the genus of the pondweed and floating leaf communities. Reed grows on its banks, forming a narrow belt of reeds.
fauna
According to avifaunistic surveys in the mid-2000s for a breeding bird atlas map of the Hessian Society for Ornithology and Nature Conservation (HGON), around sixty bird species breed in this area every year. To them in the part of Annex I of the Birds Directive set out gray , black and middle spotted woodpecker , red-backed shrike , red kite and honey buzzard that due to low stocks, small distribution areas or be considered because of their specific habitat requirements as threatened with extinction. The HGON mapped other notable breeding birds in the FFH area that are endangered or endangered, including tree pipit , bloodline fly , skylark , field owl , pied flycatcher and turtledove .
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A large number of butterflies and rams use the spatial juxtaposition of semi-arid grass and woodland, which offers them food and living space. In 2007, as part of the basic data collection, transects were set up on the limestone semi- arid grassland to investigate the occurrence of valuable butterflies and rams. Observations of gray and round-eyed black butterflies , valerian piebald butterflies , small kingfisher , comma and red cube thick-headed butterflies , which belong to the "Red List of Hesse butterflies", are endangered species, as well as the endangered brown fire butterfly , golden butterflies Eight , bluebird , primrose cube , brown fire butterfly and speedwell piebald butterfly .
Other rare and endangered species that were seen at the observation days, also included the moth scarlet tiger moth , thyme and six-spot burnet , the katydids Two-color and short-winged bush-cricket , the grasshoppers rufous grasshopper and heath grasshoppers and Bergsingzikade . A total of 25 valuable butterfly species and two ram species were recorded. Many of them are classified in the Red Lists of Hesse or Germany in category 3 or higher. The biodiversity was mainly achieved through the limestone semi-arid grasslands, which are of high quality from the perspective of butterfly protection. According to the scientists who carried out the surveys, the high number of species found reflects the geographic importance of the area for animals and plants .
Protected position
At the beginning of the 2000s, the area was proposed by the State of Hesse for the Natura 2000 network of protected areas in accordance with the specifications of the European Birds Directive and the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive of the European Union. Natura 2000 aims to preserve or restore biological diversity. The notification procedure ended in 2004. In addition to area management and the associated monitoring, the EU demanded a formal declaration of protection for Natura 2000 areas, which took place in January 2008 with the “Ordinance on Natura 2000 areas in Hesse”. Obligatory protection purposes for the dry grass areas are the preservation of the open land character of the sites as well as the preservation of the "nutrient-poor cultivation". For the various native deciduous forest communities, the conservation of the near-natural and structurally rich stands of standing and lying dead wood, cave trees and tree species typical of the habitat in their various stages of development and age was prescribed. The 42.55 hectare FFH area has the area number 4926-304 and the WDPA code 555520291.
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Around eleven hectares of the meadow areas in the northeast were temporarily secured as a future nature reserve as early as 1990. The formal expulsion took place with the ordinance of June 19, 1995 of the Kassel regional council . The purpose of the protection was "to protect the wet meadows, reeds and reeds in the valley, the stream with the pond system and the surrounding agricultural areas as well as the dry forest stands on the hilltop, in order to protect the rare animal and plant species that occur here to maintain a habitat and to develop it through extensive grassland management, natural forest management and other maintenance measures. ”The nature reserve“ Feuchtwiesen bei Lüderbach ”, which is completely in the FFH area, has a size of 41.7 hectares today, has the national identification 1636027 and the WDPA code 163082.
Tourist development
The FFH area can be accessed via existing farm roads. The long-distance hiking trails that cross the protected area include the " Werra-Burgen-Steig Hessen X5H" as well as the " Elisabeth path " and a " Way of the St. James pilgrims ". The “ Herkules-Wartburg-Radwanderweg ” also leads through the area on its route from Kassel to Eisenach . There is a parking lot for hikers at the sports field in Lüderbach, below the cut between the oak and vineyards. Benches are available and display boards provide information about the special features of the region. This is also one of the possible starting points for the premium hiking trail P 21 "Point India", which has been awarded the German hiking seal. The fourteen-kilometer circular route is named after the “Point India” observation tower, a relic of a large US military base.
literature
- Bureau for Nature Conservation, Ecology and Agriculture (NÖL): Basic data acquisition for FFH area 4926-304 "Forest southeast of Netra" . Regional council Kassel, Witzenhausen 2008.
- Lothar and Sieglinde Nitsche, Marcus Schmidt: Nature reserves in Hessen, protect-experience-maintain. Volume 3, Werra-Meißner district and Hersfeld-Rotenburg district . cognitio Verlag, Niedenstein 2005, ISBN 3-932583-13-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Profile of FFH area 4926-304 "Forest southeast of Netra". In: Website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN); accessed on August 12, 2020.
- ↑ Classification of natural areas according to Otto Klausing. In: Environmental Atlas Hessen; accessed on August 12, 2020.
- ↑ a b c d e f Bureau for Nature Conservation, Ecology and Agriculture (NÖL): Basic data acquisition for FFH area 4926-304 "Forest southeast of Netra".
- ↑ In the list of natural monuments in the Werra-Meißner district, the linden tree has the number ND 636.557 with a designation date of July 21, 1936.
- ^ Directory of the habitat types occurring in Germany of the European nature reserve system NATURA 2000. In: Website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN); accessed on August 12, 2020.
- ^ Red list of butterflies in Hesse . In: Nature Conservation Information System of the State of Hesse “Natureg-Viewer”; accessed on August 12, 2020.
- ↑ Ordinance on the Natura 2000 areas in Hesse of January 16, 2008. In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse, Part I, No. 4 of March 7, 2008.
- ↑ Conservation objectives of sites of Community importance. In: Ordinance on the Natura 2000 areas in the Kassel administrative region. ; accessed on August 12, 2020.
- ↑ "Forest southeast of Netra." In: World Database for Protected Areas; accessed on August 12, 2020.
- ↑ Quoted from the ordinance on the “Feuchtwiesen bei Lüderbach” nature reserve of June 19, 1995, which came into force the day after its announcement in the State Gazette. In: State Gazette for the State of Hesse, issue no. 28/1995 of July 10, 1995, p. 2079 f.
- ↑ "Wet meadows near Lüderbach". In: World Database for Protected Areas; accessed on August 12, 2020.
- ↑ Herkules-Wartburg-Radweg In: Radroutenplaner Hessen ; accessed on August 12, 2020.
- ↑ Premium hiking trail P 21. on the website of the Geo-Nature Park Frau-Holle-Land ; accessed on August 12, 2020.