Canals in Venice

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Canale della Giudecca
Aerial photo (2001)
Plan of Venice from the 14th century.

The canals of Venice ( Italian canali , singular canale ) and the smaller "Rii" (singular rio ) form the actual routes (" streets ", " alleys ") of the " lagoon city " Venice used for everyday traffic . Among other things, they open up the port of Venice and also serve to naturally drain the urban area from surface water such as - now mostly clarified - wastewater ; In addition, they are a globally known and artistically widely recognized and cited tourist attraction.

The two best-known canals are the Grand Canal in the center (regional name Canałazzo ) and the Canale della Giudecca to the Giudecca island of the same name (through the Dorsoduro district ) at the southern end of Venice: They meet in the Bacino di San Marco in front of St. Mark's Square and are probably based on former river beds . More than 40 smaller canals flow from the Sestieri ("Stadtsechsteln", elsewhere the " Stadtviertel ") into the Canal Grande. Terrestrial, earth-bound streets and alleys in Venice only serve as feeders between individual houses and within the district. The main access for the residents to the mainland or out to sea was traditionally done by boat via the various waterways . A specialty of Venice are filled in waterways, which today form streets or footpaths and whose names are still reminiscent of their earlier function: rio terà .

The channels are part of a system

River beds in the lagoon (December 2006)

The allegedly 175 canals within the old town were originally designed for a depth of 1.85 m. The average tidal range of around 60 cm had to be taken into account, so that there was always an effective travel depth of 120 cm into the side channels. These Rii and Canali have a total length of about 38 km.

Canals in this broader sense are part of an ecological and an economic (artificial) system in the delta of the Brenta River and other rivers and streams towards the Adriatic .

The water level of the channels etc. is dependent on the tides of the sea and those mentioned, e.g. Partly dependent on freshwater inflows regulated by locks . As a result, sediments are constantly being deposited in the canals . The city and the lagoon could only be protected from natural siltation through constant maintenance of the canals. This maintenance work was largely neglected from the middle of the 19th century . Currently, since around 1960, the entire lagoon is being eroded more than the sedimentation at the same time. The wintry Acqua Alta (" flood ") is also related to the then prevailing wind direction on this part of the Mediterranean . In the future, it should be controlled somewhat in the highest levels by the current construction of the Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico (MO.SE, "Electromechanical Experimental Module"), a kind of water dam.

Even within the lagoon, channels that need to be constantly maintained connect the islands ; they ensure ship traffic even at low tide .

Major Canali

The main canal, Grand Canal, on the Rialto

The Grand Canal separates the sixths of the city ​​(Sestieri ) San Marco , Cannaregio and Castello from the districts of Dorsoduro , San Polo and Santa Croce on the right, landside side of the canal . Shortly before St. Mark's Square, it joins the Canal de ła Zueca .

  • See the main article on the Grand Canal with the sequence of all palazzi and tributaries
"Canal de ła Zueca"

Other important channels are:

The Orfano Canal connects Venice and the historic capital of the Malamocco lagoon with the islands of Poveglia, Santo Spirito, San Clemente, San Servolo and the Lido. City sixth of Venice

Important rii

Canale di Cannaregio

Cannaregio canals (in clockwise order starting from Canale di Canaregio)

Cannaregio Canal
Guglie Bridge (1580/1823) over the Cannaregio
Rio della Sensa
  • Battello
  • Ghetto Nuovo
  • Girolamo / Misericordia
  • Sensa (see picture)
  • Alvise / Madonna dell'Orto
  • Zecchini
  • Noale
  • San Felice / Canale della Misericordia
  • Santa Fosca
  • Santa Catarina
  • Santa Maddalena
  • Gesuiti
  • S. Andrea
  • S. Apostoli
  • Panada
  • Mendicanti

Rii di Castello.png

Canaletto's painting The Arsenal from 1732
Canale delle Galeazze

City Clinics

  • Santa Marina / Giov. Laterano / Fontego / Francesco / Celestia
  • Panada
  • Santa Giustina / Pietà
  • Arsenale / Canale della Galeazza / Darsena Arsenale Veccio / Arsenale
  • Darsena Grande
  • San Daniele
  • Quintavalle
  • Sant`Elena
  • San Giuseppe
  • Tana
  • Rio de l'Arsenal
  • Rio de la Ca 'di Dio
  • Pietà
  • Greci
  • Vin
  • Rio de la Canonica

San Marco canals

Sestiere di San Marco
Rio del Fontego dei Tedeschi, Ponte de l'Olio
  • Rio dei Giardinetti
  • San Moisè
  • Rio de l'Alboro
  • Santa Maria Zobenigo
  • Sant'Angelo
  • Santissimo
  • Rio de l'Orso

(Ponte dell'Accademia)

  • S. Vidal
  • Rio del Duca
  • Ca 'Garzoni
  • Rio de Ca 'Corner
  • Ca 'Michiel
  • S. Luca
  • S. Salvador

( Rialto Bridge )

  • Fontego dei Tedeschi
  • S. Giovanni Crisostomo (Cannaregio)
  • S. Felice (Cannaregio)
  • Rio de Noal (Cannaregio)
  • Rio de la Maddalena (Cannaregio)
  • Rio de San Marcuola (Cannaregio)

northeast from the main station:

  • Crea / Canale della Crea
  • Giobbe

Canale della Scomenzera

Canals of Santa Croce (arranged clockwise from the Canale della Scomenzera)

Rio de Zan Degolà
  • Novo
  • Rio dei Tolentini or Rio de la Croce
  • Marin
  • Zan Degolà
  • Megio
  • Ca 'Tron
  • S. Boldo
  • Stae
  • pergola
  • Due Torri (Ca 'Pesaro)
  • Sant'Agostino
  • Legname
  • San Sebastino
  • San Raffaele
  • S. Maria Mater Domini
  • San Cassiano

San Polo canals

Rio de le Becarie, at the Rialto fish market
  • Beccarie
  • ( Rialto Bridge )
  • Meloni
  • Madoneta
  • heritage
  • San Polo
  • S. Tomà / Frari
  • Frescada / Munaghete

Canals of Dorsoduro (excluding Giudecca)

San Trovaso
  • Ca 'Foscari
  • S. Barnaba
  • Malpaga
  • San Trovaso
  • (Ponte dell'Accademia)
Rio delle Terese, rec. May 2015
  • Salute
  • Fornace
  • Toresele
  • Vio
  • Trovaso
  • Nicolo
  • Terese
Santa Eufemia on CD Giudecca
Rio del Ponte Lungo, 1970

Canale Sacca (on the Giudecca)

Giudecca canals

P. Stucky

(arranged clockwise from Canale Sacca Fisola)

  • Canale Sacca Fisola San Biagio
  • Lavraneri
  • San Biagio
  • Convertite
  • San Eufemia
  • Ponte Piccolo
  • Palada
  • Ponte Lungo
  • Croce

Murano

Murano canals

Murano, Canale di San Donato
  • Canale Bisatto
  • Canale di San Mattia
  • Canale di San Donato
  • San Mateo
  • Canale Ondello
  • Canal di Pte. Lungo / Canale degli Angeli
  • Vetrai
  • Canale Sarenella
  • Sacca Sarenella

Burano

Murano canals

Burano, Rio Mandracchio
  • Canale San Giacomo
  • Canale Santo Spirito or Borgognoni
  • Canale di Crevan
  • Rio Terranova
  • Rio de la Giudecca
  • Rio Mandracchio
  • Rio San Mauro
  • Rio Assassini
  • Rio Pontinello
  • Rio Terà del Pizzo (backfilled, today Via Baldassare Galuppi )

Bridges etc.

The waterways in a city also include the bank fortifications and bridges as necessary structures , which can, however, also exclude each other due to the desired clearance height of the ships. Of the four or five hundred bridges, only four cross the Grand Canal.

Fondamenta or Riva

The term riva mostly refers to a step or bank reinforcement to get into a boat from the house or place. There can also be several stages to compensate for the tide. There are a few typical forms for this. As for the fondamente , the name for the walkways on the houses along the canals ( canali or rii ).

  • typical side path along a canal

  • Riva with stairs parallel to the watercourse

  • Riva with steps descending into the water

  • This riva is the beginning / end of a small alley

  • Riva monumentale in front of the I Tolentini church

Means of transport

The vehicles on these waterways have different tasks, sizes, drive strengths and proper names:

See the articles on the

  • ACTV vaporetto

  • Battello foraneo, rec. 2006 before Burano

  • Water taxi, 2004

  • Pontoon with bus stop, recording. 2006

  • Work boat m. Excavator (It .: Battello draga, photo Nov. 2004)

  • gondola

The vaporetti stops along the Grand Canal are from north to south: Piazzale Roma , Ferrovia (Santa Lucia central station) , Riva de Biasio, S. Marcuola, San Stae, Ca 'd'Oro, Rialto Mercato, Rialto , San Silvestro , Sant'Angelo, San Tomà / Frari, Ca 'Rezzonico, San Samuele / Palazzo Grassi, Accademia, Santa Maria del Giglio, Salute, San Marco Vallaresso . Every major island in the lagoon has a landing stage.

"Paths" in the region

Shipping route to Marghera

Marghera harbor basin

The shipping routes to the port facilities to Mestre and Marghera lead in an arc through the lagoon around the city center.

  • Marghera is Venice's commercial and industrial port, built from 1917
  • Around 200,000 people live in Mestre. It has a very long history (Roman, early Middle Ages).

Shipping routes to Tronchetto

The shipping routes from / to Tronchetto , an island built up as a port visavis from the old main station, lead north of the Lido into the Adriatic Sea. You circumnavigate the city in a wide southern arc between Sacca Sessola and the islands of San Clemente and San Servolo , past the Lazarett Islands and the Punta Sabbioni ( Cavallino-Treporti ) into the gulf, where they head about 20 km east-southeast to south-southeast Bend Ancona .

Some islands that are served in the lagoon: Sant'Erasmo , Murano , Vignole, Chioggia , Mazzorbo, Torcello, La Certosa and Burano .

Via Brenta to Padua

The exit of the Doge's magnificent barge to the Lido (Francesco Guardi)
Canal system of the Brenta

Historically, the Brenta, Muson , Bacchiglione , Riviera del Brenta ( Brenta Canal), Canale Bisato and Canale Battaglia formed a system of roads for many centuries that enabled trade, traffic and diverse relationships between Padua and Venice (Italian name Naviglio del Brenta). It was just as natural to go to the summer residences by ship as it was to go to business or to war across the sea. For Venetians at that time it was a unity that still leads to a symbolic marriage between the city and the sea every year.

Trivia

In the course of the general public “ shutdown ” to slow down the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy too , the water in Venice's canals became “crystal clear”, according to the mayor's office due to the sediments no longer being blown up from the bottom of the waterways by shipping .

Exhibitions

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Venice, Lagoon  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Canals in Venice  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Sources, citations

  1. ↑ TouriNet GmbH: The port of the cruise ships from Venice - Venezia - Venice. Retrieved April 10, 2020 .
  2. ↑ G. Perocco, A. Salvadori: pp. 250-254, codice = CdV
  3. ↑ Corinne Plaga: In Venice suddenly clear water flows in the canals . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . ( nzz.ch [accessed April 10, 2020]).
  4. ^ Badische Zeitung: Galerie Messmer brings lagoon city to Riegel - Riegel - Badische Zeitung. Retrieved April 10, 2020 .
  5. ↑ exhibition. In: kunsthalle messmer. Accessed April 10, 2020 (German).