Wernsdorfer See
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Wernsdorfer See
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 Wernsdorfer See nature reserve |
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| location | Brandenburg , Germany | |
| surface | 138.74 km² | |
| Identifier | 1176 | |
| WDPA ID | 14411 | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 23 ' N , 13 ° 43' E | |
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| Setup date | October 19, 1967 | |
The nature reserve Wernsdorfer See is a 138.74 hectare nature reserve in the Berlin - Fürstenwalder Spreetalniederung in the districts of Oder-Spree and Dahme-Spreewald in Brandenburg .
location
A large part of the area is in the district of Dahme-Spreewald, a smaller part in the district of Oder-Spree on the boundary of the municipality of Gosen-Neu Zittau . The FFH area is located within the administrative border of the city of Königs Wusterhausen and the district of Wernsdorf , a district of Königs Wusterhausen. The FFH area is around 1.5 km wide and around 1.8 km long. It is named after the eponymous Wernsdorfer See.
history
The Berlin-Fürstenwalder Spree valley was created as part of the Berlin glacial valley in the last Vistula Ice Age . It consists of a valley that runs in a west-east direction and is traversed by the Spree and the Oder-Spree Canal. The altitudes are between 30 and 45 m above sea level . At the end of the last ice age, alluvial sands and drifting sands were deposited in Lake Wernsdorfer until dense vegetation gradually ended this filling. Dying plants and animals led to siltation, which created a flat moor between oriels and Wernsdorf. From archaeological studies it is known that the area around the lake was already populated in the Middle Stone Age . According to Germanic tribes, the first traces of Slavic settlement can be found around the 4th century . They are designated as ground monuments BD12463 and BD12464 and are under special protection.
Wernsdorf was first mentioned in a document in 1460, Gosen much later. In the Schmettauschen map series from 1575–1787, the lake is not yet divided and is significantly larger. At the end of the 19th century, numerous pipe weaving mills were established in the region , which extracted considerable amounts of reed bed from the lake shore. With the growth of Berlin in the 1920s, however, tourism gained in importance. A first investigation in 1936 as to whether the area could be placed under a nature reserve was initially interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, but was carried out in 1946 by the district administrator of the Beeskow-Storkow district. Between 1950 and 1956, Berlin rubbish was washed into the lake. Conservationists stopped this practice in 1956 and were able to designate the nature reserve on October 19, 1967. To the east, however, a landfill was built in the 1950s where household waste was disposed of. The nature reserve Wernsdorfer See was nevertheless confirmed by the EU as an FFH area in 2004. The protection goals include the preservation of the flat lake as a retreat for water and marsh bird species as well as a residence and breeding habitat for numerous animals. The occurrence of the water nut , the swimming fern and endangered orchid species should also be ensured. In 2005 the landfill was closed due to a lack of basic sealing and will be sealed in the 2010s.
Wernsdorfer See
Before the Second World War, the water surface of the Wernsdorfer See was significantly larger. Despite being placed under protection, rubble, rubbish and ashes were tipped over after 1945. The surface of the lake was reduced by around a quarter to around 75 hectares. Its average lake level is 32.3 m above sea level; the maximum water depth between 1.0 and 1.5 m in the southern part and up to 0.8 m in the northern part. It is fed by a pool spring in the north as well as by the Kappstrom and the Mühlenfließ . At the southern end there is a connection to the Krossinsee via the Oder-Spree Canal . There is thus also a dependency with regard to the water level in the canal.
Flora and fauna
The area consists of dunes with open grassy areas, eutrophic lakes, moist tall herbaceous meadows, which alternate with poor, lowland hay meadows that are populated by beavers. The air is populated by the following birds: hawk, bluethroat, wood sandpiper, kingfisher, osprey, little ringed plover, common sandpiper, woodlark, lapwing, little moorhen, teal, crane, teal and shoveler, red mackerel, golden oriole, bittern, marsh harrier, red- and moorhen Black kite, black woodpecker, white-tailed eagle, egret, sparrowhawk, pochard, black tern, spotted mullet and the hoopoe. Sand lizards and the moor frog still live on the ground. Asp and bitterlings have been detected in Lake Wernsdorfer See.
The flora of the area includes the common marshmallow, the carnation, the blackhead sedge, the flesh-colored and broad-leaved orchid, the sand fescue, the god's mercy herb, the sand strawflower, the frog bite, the thread bulrush, the Swamp glossy herb, the small and large rattlespot, crayfish claws and the swamp fern.
Use and development
Around two thirds of the area is owned by the Federal Republic of Germany, just under another third is privately owned. The forest area of around 53 hectares is looked after by the head forester in Königs Wusterhausen; The hunting association of the same name operates in the area. Around 8% of the total area (12 hectares) is used for agriculture as grassland, but part of it is fallow. The waters are maintained by the Lower Spree Water and Landscape Management Association. Swimming is prohibited in the Wernsdorfer See. An approx. 6 km long circular route leads through the area.
The first draft of a management plan for the Wernsdorfer See FFH area from July 2019 states that there are no clear rules for fishing and the use of angling. The management plan therefore proposes a separate coordination between the parties involved in order to find an amicable solution. In addition, since 2016 the settlement of the black tern has been promoted with the help of artificial nesting aids. In the first year 18 breeding pairs could be observed; In 2018 there were four. Attempts are also being made to relocate the golden pied butterfly , which is already extinct in Berlin and Brandenburg . For this purpose, butterflies were removed from a larger population in Pasewalk and released in the area from 2005. In 2009 between 2000 and 4000 butterflies could be detected. The population is now viewed as stable by the Brandenburg Ministry for Rural Development, Environment and Agriculture.
See also
literature
- Ministry for Rural Development, Environment and Agriculture of the State of Brandenburg (Ed.): Management plan for the FFH area Wernsdorfer See , 1st draft, July 2019, p. 128.
Web links
Old Spree Estuary | Berry bush | Inland dune Waltersberge | Bush lock | Dammühlen River Low | Friedland Valley | Glieningmoor | Great Göhlenze and Fichtengrund | Great Fürstenwalder Stadtluch | Great Look Lake Chain | Wendisch Rietz canal meadows | Karauschsee | Kersdorfer See | Klautzkesee and forest moors with Kobbelke | Little Griesensee | Laie – Langes Luch | Linowsee-Dutzendsee | Löcknitztal | Luchwiesen | Mahlheide | Milasen | Medium or | Neubrück | Upper Demnitztal | Or – Neisse | Rehab | Reicherskreuzer Heide and Schwansee | Schlaubetal | Schwarzberge and Spree lowlands | Schwenower Forest | Spreebogen bei Briescht | Spreewiesen south of Beeskow | Storkower Canal | Swatzke and Skaby Mountains | Teufelssee | Trautzke lakes and moors | Triebschsee | Dry slopes Lawitz | Riverside meadows near Niewisch | Lower Schlaubetal | Urwald Fünfeichen | Wernsdorfer See