Luchwiesen nature reserve

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The Luchwiesen are one of the most species-rich inland salt areas in Brandenburg . The 110  hectares of extensive nature reserve is located in the small town Storkow in the district Oder-Spree south and north of Storkower channel . The Luchwiesen are designated as an FFH area in the Natura 2000 network and are part of the Dahme-Heideseen nature park .

The thinly muddy valley sand channel is characterized by halophilic flood and creeping lawns as well as stepping societies , salt grassland , large sedge and reed beds . Among the halophytes (salt plants) and halotolerant plant species, four species are represented, which are categorized as critically endangered in the Brandenburg Red List . The arthropod fauna (arthropods) of the Luchwiesen is characterized by species that develop in Brandenburg almost exclusively in oligo- to mesohaline salt marshes . Between 2005 and 2010, the hydrological conditions in the Luch area were stabilized as part of the LIFE project “Safeguarding and developing the inland salt sites in Brandenburg”. The salt flora of the increasingly reed area was promoted by extensive use of the land.

In the 17th century there was very likely a salt works on the site . Subsequently, the area was used as a peat cut and later as grassland . The 8.5-kilometer-long Storkower Salzweg leads through the meadows and includes other inland salt points on the neighboring Groß Schauener chain of lakes . The path is equipped with information boards about the history of its origins, vegetation, the water balance and the importance of the salt areas.

Information board salt meadow

Geography, geology and climate

Location and natural space

The Luchwiesen nature reserve is located south of the Berlin glacial valley through which the Spree flows and west of the Storkower Platte in East Brandenburg's heath and lake area , which is listed as No. 82 in the main natural units of Germany . The numerous lakes in the area are a relic of the Brandenburg stage (24,000 to 22,000) of the Vistula Ice Age .

Bridge over the Storkower Canal and northwestern part of the Luchwiesen
North-eastern part, south of the canal

About half of the area belongs to the district of the Storkow core city and half of the district of Philadelphia, which adjoins the Storkow district to the west . It begins around a kilometer west of the historic Storkow old town , in the south it stretches with a point almost to the state road L 391 to Görsdorf and in the west it extends to just before the rows of houses in the street village of Philadelphia. By far the largest part of the nature reserve is located south of the Storkower Canal , which flows through the Luchwiesen from east to west at a height of around 35 meters. With a narrow strip between the north bank of the waterway and the up to 53 meters high Turkish Mountains - most likely an inland dune shaped by the reforestation of pine forest  - the protection zone extends to the north. As the only other traffic artery, the single- track Königs Wusterhausen – Grunow railway crosses the Luchwiesen from south-east to north-west and bridges the canal in the protected area on a steel truss bridge .

Geology and soils

The salty water emerges with the groundwater . It results from up to several hundred meters thick rock salt layers in the subsurface, which the Zechstein Sea deposited around 255 million years ago. The constantly moving waters wash out the salts and transport them. The impermeable clay layers that the pressurized and deep upwards aspiring saltwater from the higher, freshwater leading aquifers separated, missing the inland salt or were dispelled during the ice ages. Waters in the heavily degraded bog site of the Luchwiesen form a small lake ( gray gravel pit ), a bulge of the Storkow Canal called Grunds Buchte that extends far into the meadows and the canal itself, and depending on the season, other small, open waterholes and ditches.

The Holocene , deepened depression in which the Luchwiesen lie is framed by valley sands and thin layers of drifting sand. The soil hydrological properties of the site- defining , powerful and fine-pored lime muds or lake chalk differ greatly from those of the salt-rich Marstallwiesen to the southeast , which are protected as part of the Groß Schauener Seenkette nature reserve . The limnic sediments of the Luchwiesen show an extremely high calcium content of 91% CaCO 3 , which is very rare in Brandenburg . The soil physical parameters in connection with the carbon content indicate a severely degraded peatland site . The lower values ​​for the saturated water conductivity and the somewhat higher values ​​for the dry bulk density in the upper profile area are striking .

climate

The Luchwiesen are in the area of ​​influence of the subcontinental East German inland climate with a minor subatlantic influence. The climate is characterized by moderately cold winters and relatively warm summers. The mean monthly temperatures range from -1/0 ° C in January to 18 / 18.5 ° C in June / July, the annual mean temperature is 8.5 ° C. The average amount of precipitation is between 530 and 575 mm per year and thus falls into the lower range of the values ​​recorded in Germany. The statistical maximum of the precipitation is in the month of June with around 700 mm.

Conservation and protection measures

In 1974 the Luchwiesen were temporarily secured as a nature reserve . The final protection as NSG with 109.69 hectares was made by resolution no. 130 of the Frankfurt / Oder district assembly of March 14, 1990, which came into force through an announcement in the Märkische Oder newspaper on May 16, 1990. The nature reserve status also results from Section 32 of the Brandenburg Nature Conservation Act (BbgNatSchG), which generally places the salt areas of the inland under nature protection (so-called biotope protection ).

Natura 2000 and FFH area, EU-LIFE

North-eastern part between the Storkower Canal and the Turkish Mountains after the Mahd
Open water point and cattle grazing south of the Storkower Salzweg

The Luchwiesen nature reserve is part of the coherent European ecological network of special protection areas Natura 2000 . The profile of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) contains the following characterization for the 109.57 hectare FFH area under the number 3749-302:

"Largest and most valuable inland salt station in Brandenburg, low-thickness, muddy valley sand channel, halophilic flood and creeping lawns and footsteps, salt grassland, great sedge and reed beds."

- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Profile of the FFH area Luchwiesen.

The Luchwiesen also formed a focus in the Dahme-Heideseen project area of ​​the EU-LIFE project "Securing and developing the inland salt stations of Brandenburg", which was carried out between August 2005 and June 2010 and was endowed with 1.8 million euros. 75% of the project costs were borne by the EU's financial instrument LIFE ( L'Instrument Financier pour l'Environnement ) , 25% were borne by the Foundation NaturSchutzFonds Brandenburg, the Brandenburg State Environment Agency and the Heinz Sielmann Foundation .

Maintenance and development measures

The focus of the project measures was the stabilization of the hydrological conditions and the preparation of regular and financially secure cultivation and extensive use of the areas. This included the construction of a bed sill in the Luchwiesen in 2007, which raised the winter water level by around 10 cm. The resulting large-scale overflows and the maintenance of the water levels until May / June come very close to the historically known conditions. The temporary and strong drop in water levels in summer is of great importance for the accumulation of salts in the topsoil and is desirable.

After decades of cessation of grassland use , the management of the Luchwiesen was resumed as part of the contractual nature conservation. The abandonment of the areas had led to increasing regression up to the salt plant communities ( see below ), which in the long term threatened to sweeten the soil and stands. The southern areas are now mowed once a year by a farm for wages and then extensively grazed by cattle . Among other things, the cattle use their hooves to ensure that the open areas that are conducive to salt plants are preserved. Depending on the water levels, mowing takes place once or twice on the northern areas . Fertilization bans have been agreed for partial areas . The measures in the Dahme-Heideseen project area largely stabilized the flora of the salt species in the Luchwiesen. After the project expires in June 2010, the utilization concept between the institutions involved and the agricultural enterprise will continue to be coordinated with the hydrological and site characteristics of the areas.

Flora and fauna

Plants and plant communities

Salt meadow and reeds north of the salt path
The beach milkweed , which is threatened with extinction in Brandenburg, has a salt number of 7
Strawberry clover , close-up of an infructescence and an inflorescence to the right of it.

The FFH profile lists two plant communities as habitat types to be protected : Moist tall herbaceous vegetation ( Natura 2000 code  6430) and inland salt areas (Natura 2000 code 1340; inland salt marshes ).

An inventory of halophytes (salt plants, derived from the Greek neck , halos = salt) and halophilic plant species found in 2006, four species , the Red List of Brandenburg as Critically Endangered (Category 1) and two species as critically endangered (Category 2) are classified - all details of the Red List categories in the following compilation refer to Brandenburg as of 2006. The specified salt number according to Ellenberg (S number) denotes the occurrence in the gradient of the salt concentration (especially Cl - concentration) in the root area of ​​the soil from S = 0 (not salt bearing) to S = 9 (extremely salt bearing). If the salt number is in brackets, either the species was not listed by Ellenberg and was later classified by other botanists or the salt number of the species was reclassified compared to Ellenberg.

Salt plants (halophytes)

On halophytes, the salt chickweed ( Spergularia salina ) is represented as extremely salt-bearing (S = 9) . The annual wintering or summer annual herbaceous plant from the family of Caryophyllaceae , the cm achieved stature heights of 5 to 15, is the Kennart the plants association Puccinellietum distantis and applicable in Brandenburg as to extinction . Together with the common salt plumes ( Puccinellia distans ), it forms the largest salt and flake chickweed lawn (Spergulario-puccinelietum distantis) in Brandenburg on the grazed areas of the lynx meadows. The common salt swath, a type of grass from the sweet grass family , has a salt number of 7 and is the association character of the salt swath society (Puccinellietum distantis). It is listed in the advance warning level (Category V).

Likewise threatened with extinction is the beach milkweed ( Glaux maritima ) (S = 7), characteristic of the Armerion maritimae association and the order Glauco-Puccinellietalia in salt plant fields (see: Plant sociological units according to Oberdorfer ). The beach trident or salt trident ( Triglochin maritima ) has developed, among other things, the method of shedding the older, heavily salty leaves as an adaptation strategy to the location. The perennial rosette plant (S = 8) is endangered in Brandenburg and also throughout Germany (Category 3) and is dominant in some areas of the Luchwiesen. The same strategy of getting rid of excess salt by shedding older leaves in which large amounts of salt have accumulated is used by the harmless beach aster ( Tripolium pannonicum , Syn .: Aster tripolium L.) (S = 8).

Salt-loving and salt-holde species (halophiles)

The marsh orchid ( Orchis palustris ), which is threatened with extinction in Brandenburg

The salt-horned clover ( Lotus tenuis ), which prefers soils with a low salt content, is represented among the salt-loving species ( halophiles ) that prefer salt locations. The plant from the family of the butterflies with the salt number 4 and bright yellow single flowers in the inflorescence is endangered . The strawberry clover or raspberry clover ( Trifolium fragiferum ) from the same family is a characteristic species of the coastal salt marshes and is considered endangered in Brandenburg (S = 4). The high sweet clover ( Melilotus altissimus ) was considered safe in Brandenburg for a long time, but is included in the 2006 list as threatened with extinction . The flowers of this butterfly family with the salt number 2 grow in two to six cm high grapes . The salt marsh plantain ( Plantago major subsp. Winteri ) with the salt number (2) is listed in the Red List of 2006 under endangerment without precise assignment to one of the categories  (G).

Three other saline species in the lynx meadows are not endangered. This includes the common beach ledge ( Bolboschoenus maritimus ) with the salt number 2, a deciduous and perennial plant that reaches heights of 30 to 120, sometimes up to 150 centimeters. It is the characteristic of the plant society (association) of the beach ledge brackish water reed (Scirpetum maritimi Tx. 1937). The salt pond rush or salt pond rush ( Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani ) (S = 3) occasionally forms its own dominant stocks. Red goosefoot ( Oxybasis rubra , Syn.Chenopodium rubrum ) with the salt number (1) is considered a pointer plant for excessive nitrogen abundance in the soil

Salt-tolerant species

Among the salt-bearing species, which often occur in salt-influenced locations, but often also in other locations, the marsh orchid ( Orchis palustris ), which is threatened with extinction , is represented in the lynx meadows . The salt number 1 is given for the species of the orchid genus from the orchid family . Very vulnerable is Small centaury ( Centaurium pulchellum ; Syn .: Erythraea pulchella ) with the salt figure (5), whose individual flowers open in pink inflorescence only sunshine. Still classified as endangered on the Brandenburg Red List from 1993 , the swamp trident ( Triglochin palustris ; Triglochin palustre ) is listed as endangered in 2006 after a slight recovery of the occurrence . The perennial perennial and deciduous hemicryptophyte from the trident family has the salt number 3. In the warning level , grove sedge ( Carex otrubae , Syn. Carex cuprina ) (S = 1) and single-skinned swamp rush ( Eleocharis uniglumis ) (S = 5) are listed . The following are considered not to be endangered : Platthalm rush or tuber rush ( Juncus compressus ) (S = 1), a perennial, wintering green geophyte from the rush family ; White ostrich grass ( Agrostis stolonifera ) with the salt number (6), classification code of the floodplain (Agrostietalia stoloniferae); Glandular field goose thistle ( Sonchus arvensis subsp. Uliginosus (M.Bieb.) Nyman) (S = 3), a ruderal plant from the sunflower family .

Animals

Arthropods (arthropods)

Erigone atra occurs en masse in the lynx meadows
Often found in the lynx meadows: Large golden insect

The arthropod fauna (arthropods) of the Luchwiesen is characterized by species that develop in Brandenburg almost exclusively in oligo- to mesohaline salt marshes ( salt numbers 2 to 5 ). In 2004 the arthropod fauna was captured using trap traps . Here 382 species, including 13 halophilous / were found halobionte species and Coleoptera identified three new records for Brandenburg: Melanophthalma suturalis (MANNERHEIM 1844) from the family of Moder beetle (Lathridiidae) and from the family of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) Calodera cochlear (ASSING 1996) and Tomoglossa brakmani (SCHEERPELZ 1963). The halobiont Tomoglossa brakmani formed the dominant species on one of the trapping areas and the most individual occurrence in Germany to date. The 2.1 to 2.2 mm large beetle was previously only known with a few specimens from salt locations in Saxony-Anhalt and Lower Saxony . It is considered threatened with extinction throughout Germany and is not yet included in the Brandenburg Red List. Of the identified halophilic / halobiont beetle species, three more are threatened with extinction in Brandenburg  (1) and three are endangered  (2):

From the order of the weaving spiders (Araneae) around 20 specimens of Argenna patula (SIMON 1874) from the family of the curly spiders (Dictynidae) were caught . The endangered species is currently the only known halobiont spider species in Brandenburg and is one of the key species of the North Sea salt marshes . It occurred in the lynx meadows in the unshilted beach trident population. As a non-halophilic / -bionte species, Erigone atra from the canopy spider family is particularly abundant (over 999 specimens on a catching area) . The species contributes greatly to Indian summer with tens of thousands of individuals moving through the air . At bugs (Heteroptera) and cicadas (Auchenorrhyncha) four halophilic species were detected with scattered finds, including Saldula opacula from the family of saldidae (Saldidae) and Macro Teles viridigriseus of from the family leafhoppers (Syn .: Jassidae Cicadellidae). Older studies brought evidence of 5 halophilic and 3 halobionten Halmfliegenarten (Chloropidae) and a halobionten butterfly (Lepidoptera): Gynnidomorpha vectisana from the family of Winder (Tortricidae), whose caterpillars feed on the beach trident (salt number = 8). Swamp grasshoppers ( Chorthippus montanus ) and great golden hornets ( Chrysochraon dispar ) are often found among the short-antennae terrors , although they do not belong to the halophilic / halobiont species.

More animals

Among the bird species , meadow breeders form stable populations that are important for species protection . The common snipe , a wader and bird of the year  2013, builds its nests in the open grassland . The short- and long-distance migrants in Germany by the bundesartenschutzverordnung (BArtSchV) ( Appendix 1 ) strictly protected . Also strictly protected is the lapwing from the family of Plover . Also represented are the meadow pipit from the family of the stilt and pipit and the whinchat , the bird of the year 1987. These four species are categorized as endangered in the Brandenburg Red List (as of 2008) . The reed bunting , a partial migrant , has established itself as a regular breeding bird in the reed beds . In this area you can also hear the “tscheck” and “schrrr” of the reed warbler , which is strictly protected according to BartSchV (Annex 1) , but is only included in the warning list in Brandenburg . At the time of the bird migration , other waders use the lynx meadows as a resting area. Thousands of Nordic wild geese stop here. Since the 1960s, the strictly protected curlew (Brandenburg Red List: threatened with extinction ) and later also the strictly protected Redshank (Brandenburg Red List: threatened with extinction ) and the teal (Brandenburg Red List: endangered ) have been extinct .

Among the mammals , the otter is worth mentioning, which is listed as threatened with extinction in the Brandenburg Red List (status 2003) despite a slight recovery in its populations . The land predator from the marten family crosses the Storkow Canal on the hunt for fish , ducks , water rats and frogs and also looks for shelter in the lynx's meadow ditches.

Usage history and Storkower Salzweg

Salt works

Several sources indicate that there was a salt works in the Luchwiesen in the 17th century , in which salt was extracted from brine . Storkow is said to have been named as a salt producer among the "Baiensalzsiedereien" in this century. On 14./15. In April 1757, the Storkow parish chronicle noted that the church owned a large piece of the salt well [...] in the Luchfelde . In 1776, the reported war council sergeant of a former Saltz Siederey at major shows and the mutton stall (the area belonged to before the founding of Philadelphia in 1775 on Hammelstall to United look ):

“I have visited the places where salt was previously boiled in the Schauenen field, but because the springs were all dried out, I couldn't see any trace of salt. In the meantime, the places can still be seen where in the old days of the legend Saltz was boiled. Bütow, who still found messages about them in his old registry but cannot find them, will look for them more closely and send them in. "

- Protocols of Rath Schirrmeister's war, 1776

It is not known whether Carl Friedrich Bütow - bailiff of Storkow and Stahnsdorf and, after the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) founder of various colonist villages in the region, including Philadelphia - presented the evidence. The historian and geographer Karl Friedrich von Klöden also wrote in 1831 about a former salt works in Luchfelde, a broken spot near Storkow on Poststrasse to Berlin, across from the so-called Hammelstalle . Among the professions represented in Storkow around 1800, three Salzsellers are noted. According to Johann Georg Krünitz in the Economic Encyclopedia , a salt seller was a salt merchant in the country, licensed by the government. However, the rather modest salt production had probably already expired at the end of the 17th century, because the brine with a salt content of around 8% was too unproductive.

From peat cutting to a protected area

The construction of the section of the Königs Wusterhausen – Grunow railway through the Luchwiesen, opened in 1898, was another major anthropogenic intervention in the area
Storkower Salzweg in the Luchwiesen

At the end of the 18th century, at or after the founding of Philadelphia, the layer of marl and chalk underlying the peat was used in places to lime the fields. Around 1820 the meadows were used as so-called “soft land”. In the Prussian Urmes table sheet of 1844, several meandering bodies of water and peat cuttings are drawn in the Luchwiesen . Originally flowed through by a natural river , the Storkower Mühlenfließ, the water level in the swampy area was high. The construction of the Storkow Canal led to a lowering of the water level in the wet Luch for the first time, which caused the salt plants to spread due to the increased salt concentration. The canal is part of the 33.44-kilometer-long federal waterway Storkower Gewässer (SkG) , which drains the surrounding lakes and rivers from the Scharmützelsee over the Dahme to the Spree. The canal emerged from the Storkower Flößerkanal , which was laid out in 1732 and which was expanded into a canal during the reign of Frederick II in the middle of the 18th century. Used over centuries to supply Berlin with timber and bricks in particular , its significance in terms of transport today lies largely in the leisure and tourism industries . As a rule, it is only used by passenger ships , pleasure boats and for water hikes . In Kummersdorf , the waterway in the Storkower Canal nature reserve reaches another ecologically valuable area.

After lock extensions and other hydraulic engineering measures, the water level had risen significantly again in the 1950s, so that the moisture in the meadows prevented intensive cultivation. Despite the provisional protection in 1974, parts of the Luchwiesen were taken out of the agricultural area (LNF) in the early 1980s , which caused the areas to rewire. In addition, up to 60 kg N / ha were applied to partial areas for fertilization  . First attempts to achieve an adapted management and maintenance after the final safeguarding as a nature reserve in 1990 within the framework of the contractual nature conservation and the cultural landscape program failed. The last mowing of an abandoned area of ​​50 hectares for a long time took place in 1991. The maintenance and development measures of the 2000s then led to a near-natural stabilization of the biotope ( see above ).

Storkower Salzweg

The Storkower Salzweg was opened in autumn 2008, also funded by the EU-LIFE project "Securing and developing the inland salt stations in Brandenburg". The 8.5-kilometer path leads from Storkow Castle past Storkow train station through the Luchwiesen and Philadelphia to Groß Schauen. He returns to the castle along the Marstallwiesen at Schaplowsee and the Burgwiesen. On four information boards, including one in the Luchwiesen, the history of origin, vegetation, water balance and importance of the salt areas are explained. In the salty Marstallwiesen, part of the nature reserve Groß Schauener Seenkette or Sielmann's natural landscape Groß Schauener Seen , specific development measures were also carried out as part of the LIFE project. A steel observation tower on the Schaplowsee with the LIFE logo on top offers a view over the salt marshes and the Groß Schauener chain of lakes.

See also

literature

  • Dieter Barndt: Contribution to the arthropod fauna of the inland salt meadows of Storkow and Philadelphia (Brandenburg / Oder-Spree district) - Fauna analysis and assessment - (Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Saltatoria, Araneae, Isopoda and others). In: Märkische Entomologische Nachrichten . Ed .: NABU , Fachgruppe Entomologie Berlin, Volume 9, Issue 1, Potsdam May 1, 2007 ISSN  1438-9665 pp. 1-54 PDF .
  • Inland salt mines in Brandenburg. (PDF; 7.5 MB) In: Nature conservation and landscape management in Brandenburg - Articles on ecology, nature and water protection . Ed .: Landesumweltamt Brandenburg (LUA), 19th year, special issue 1,2 2010 ISSN  0942-9328 , therein:
    • Dieter Barndt: Contribution to the arthropod fauna of selected inland salt sites in Brandenburg. Pp. 34-44.
    • Holger Rößling: Management strategies for maintaining the inland salt stations in Brandenburg. Pp. 45-49.
    • Holger Rößling, Albrecht Bauriegel u. a .: Regional overview representations and area profiles. Dahme lake area. Luchwiesen Philadelphia fact sheet. Profile Marstallwiese Storkow. Characteristics of the Groß Schauener chain of lakes. Pp. 94-109.
    • Michael Zauft, Holger Rößling: The EU-LIFE project "Securing and developing the inland salt stations in Brandenburg". Pp. 50-51.
  • Uli Christmann: Protected areas in Dahmeland. The Luchwiesen nature reserve. (PDF; 317 kB) In: NABU RV Dahmeland e. V: JahreBuch 2004 , Prieros ISSN  1869-0920 pp. 52-57.
  • Holger Lengsfeld, Holger Rößling: Salt spots bloom. LIFE - A nature conservation project being implemented. (PDF; 537 kB) In: NABU RV Dahmeland e. V: JahreBuch 2009 , Prieros ISSN  1869-0920 pp. 22-27.
  • Michael Ristow: Red List of the Established Vascular Plants in Brandenburg (and Berlin) , In: Nature Conservation and Landscape Management in Brandenburg , 15, Issue 4, Supplement, 2006: Full-text PDF.
  • Sybille Seelmann: A salt works in Storkow? In: Storkow (Mark). Insights into the history of an 800-year-old small town. Ed .: Mayor of the city of Storkow (Mark) in connection with the historical advisory board of the city. Complete production: Schlaubetal-Druck Kühl OHG, Müllrose 2009, ISBN 978-3-941085-72-5 , pp. 71-73.

Web links

Commons : Luchwiesen nature reserve  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brigitte Nixdorf, Mike Hemm u. a .: Documentation of the condition and development of the most important lakes in Germany, part 5, Brandenburg , environmental research plan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , final report R&D project FKZ 299 24 274, on behalf of the Federal Environment Agency at the Chair of Water Protection at the Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus , 2004 Chapter 1.37 Wolziger See p. 155. PDF
  2. ↑ Cycling, hiking and waterway map Storkower Gewässer, Scharmützelsee. 1: 35,000. Verlag green heart , Dr. Lutz Gebhardt e. K. Ilmenau and Ostseebad Wustrow, 7th updated edition July 2012, ISBN 978-3-86636-103-4 . The map shows the exact boundary of the protected area.
  3. ↑ Brandenburg viewer, digital topographic maps 1: 10,000 (menu - "More data" - click and select accordingly; switch to the district boundaries "real estate cadastre" and there "districts".)
  4. ↑ Holger Lengsfeld, Holger Rößling: Salt areas bloom. LIFE - A nature conservation project being implemented. ..., p. 22.
  5. ↑ Holger Rößling, Albrecht Bauriegel u. a .: Regional overview representations and area profiles. ... ... p. 100.
  6. ↑ Dieter Barndt: Contribution to the arthropod fauna of the inland salt meadows of Storkow and Philadelphia ... , ... p. 7.
  7. ↑ German Weather Service. Database. Mean values ​​over 30-year periods.
  8. ↑ Holger Lengsfeld, Holger Rößling: Salt areas bloom. LIFE - A nature conservation project being implemented. ..., p. 25.
  9. ^ Protected area map viewer Brandenburg
  10. ↑ Uli Christmann: Protected areas in the Dahmeland. The Luchwiesen nature reserve. ... p. 52
  11. ↑ § 32, Brandenburg Nature Conservation Act - BbgNatSchG. ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Law on nature conservation and landscape management in the state of Brandenburg of June 25, 1992 (GVBl.I / 92 p. 208), last amended by the law of December 18, 1997 (GVBl. I / 97 p. 124, 140). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fnlregionschwielowsee.de
  12. ↑ a b 3749-302 Luchwiesen.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved March 14, 2017.
  13. ↑ Michael Zauft, Holger Rößling: The EU-LIFE project “Securing and developing the inland salt stations in Brandenburg” . ..., p. 50.
  14. ↑ State Office for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection (MUGV) Brandenburg: EU-LIFE project “Inland salt stations in Brandenburg”. Dahme-Heideseen project area.
  15. ↑ Holger Rößling: Management strategies for maintaining the inland salt stations in Brandenburg. ..., p. 45.
  16. ↑ Holger Rößling, Albrecht Bauriegel u. a .: Regional overview representations and area profiles. ... ... p. 102f.
  17. ↑ Uli Christmann: Protected areas in the Dahmeland. The Luchwiesen nature reserve. ..., p. 55f.
  18. ↑ Holger Lengsfeld, Holger Rößling: Salt areas bloom. LIFE - A nature conservation project being implemented. ..., p. 25ff.
  19. ↑ Michael Zauft, Holger Rößling: The EU-LIFE project “Securing and developing the inland salt stations in Brandenburg” . ..., p. 51.
  20. ↑ a b c d e Holger Lengsfeld, Holger Rößling: Salt spots bloom. LIFE - A nature conservation project being implemented. ..., p. 24.
  21. ↑ Michael Ristow: Red List of the Established Vascular Plants Brandenburg (and Berlin) , In: Nature protection and landscape maintenance in Brandenburg , 15, Issue 4, supplement, 2006: Full text PDF. ( Memento of the original from November 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mugv.brandenburg.de
  22. ↑ Holger Rößling, Albrecht Bauriegel u. a .: Regional overview representations and area profiles. ... ... p. 102.
  23. ↑ Dieter Barndt: Contribution to the arthropod fauna of the inland salt meadows of Storkow and Philadelphia ... , ... p. 1f, 19.
  24. ↑ Dieter Barndt: Contribution to the arthropod fauna of selected inland salt sites in Brandenburg. ... p. 41.
  25. ↑ Dieter Barndt: Contribution to the arthropod fauna of the inland salt meadows of Storkow and Philadelphia ... , ... pp. 1f, 22, 42.
  26. ↑ Dieter Barndt: Contribution to the arthropod fauna of selected inland salt sites in Brandenburg. ... p. 36, 41.
  27. ↑ a b Uli Christmann: Protected areas in Dahmeland. The Luchwiesen nature reserve. ... p. 55.
  28. ↑ a b Brandenburg State Environment Agency, EU-LIFE editorial staff Project inland salt stations in Brandenburg: The Salzweg near Storkow - four stations on the subject of inland salt stations. PDF (representation of the four information boards on site) .
  29. ↑ Torsten Ryslawy, Wolfgang Mädlow: Red List and List of Breeding Birds of the State of Brandenburg 2008 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.1 MB) Supplement to issue 4, 2008 from: Nature Conservation and Landscape Management in Brandenburg . Ed .: Brandenburg State Environment Agency, Potsdam ISSN 0942-9328 .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.mugv.brandenburg.de   
  30. ↑ Jürgen Klawitter, Rainer Altenkamp u. a .: Red list and total species list of mammals (Mammalia) from Berlin. (PDF; 203 kB) Processing status: December 2003. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (ed.): Red lists of endangered plants and animals in Berlin . Note: The Berlin list also contains the information for Brandenburg.
  31. ↑ Information and quotations from: Sybille Seelmann: Eine Saline in Storkow? .... P. 71f.
  32. ^ The protocols of the war by Rath Schirrmeisters from his department. de Anno 1776. BLHA Potsdam , Pr.Br. Rep. 2; 2. Cathedral Reg .; D 45, Acta. Source and quote from: Sybille Seelmann: A salt works in Storkow? .... P. 72.
  33. ^ Karl Friedrich von Klöden : Contributions to the mineralogical and geognostic knowledge of the Mark Brandenburg: Program for the examination of the pupils of the industrial school. Fourth piece: Märkische Salzquellen . Verlag GC Nauck, Berlin 1831 p. 15. Quoted from: Holger Rößling, Albrecht Bauriegel u. a .: Regional overview representations ... , p. 100.
  34. ↑ Sybille Seelmann: A salt works in Storkow? .... P. 73.
  35. ^ Johann Georg Krünitz : Economic Encyclopedia . General system of state, town, house and agriculture in alphabetical order . Verlag Joachim Pauli, Berlin 1773–1858 Entry on Salzseller, online .
  36. ↑ Sybille Seelmann: A salt works in Storkow? .... P. 71f.
  37. ↑ History of the Storkower Canal on the website of the Waterways and Shipping Office Berlin
  38. ↑ Holger Rößling, Albrecht Bauriegel u. a .: Regional overview representations ... , p. 100f.
  39. ↑ Uli Christmann: Protected areas in the Dahmeland. The Luchwiesen nature reserve. ... p. 53.
  40. ↑ Tourismusverband Oder-Spree: Salzweg Storkow ( Memento of the original from June 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.seenland-os.de

Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 20.4 ″  N , 13 ° 54 ′ 18.1 ″  E