Berlin-Wilhelmsruh
|
Wilhelmsruh district of Berlin |
|
|---|---|
  |
|
| Coordinates | 52 ° 35 '14 " N , 13 ° 22' 5" E |
| surface | 1.37 km² |
| Residents | 8007 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 5845 inhabitants / km² |
| Post Code | 13158 |
| District number | 0313 |
| Administrative district | Pankow |
Berlin-Wilhelmsruh ( ) is a district in the Pankow district of Berlin . In the Berlin numbering of the districts it bears the number 0313. It is located in the northwestern part of the district on the border with the Reinickendorf district .
area
Until 2001 Wilhelmsruh was not an independent district and administratively belonged to Rosenthal . The exact limits of Wilhelmsruh were only defined with the district reform that came into force on January 1, 2001. Wilhelmsruh is thus the south by the S-Bahn - line bounded to the west by the border with the district of Reinickendorf serve both as "natural" limits. For the eastern area, the Siegfried-Baruch-Weg and the middle between Marthastraße and Heegermühler Weg are the demarcation. In the north-east it is the Schönholzer Weg , which extends into the Buchhorster Strasse , which is the northern boundary.
Population development
- 1900: 636 inhabitants
- 1902: 1,125 inhabitants
- 1905: 2,685 inhabitants
- 1906: 2,885 inhabitants
- 1908: 3,600 inhabitants (rounded)
- 1938: 5,103 inhabitants
- 1949: 6,148 inhabitants
- 1970: 8,000 inhabitants (rounded)
- 2003: 9,000 inhabitants (rounded)
- 2012: 7,099 inhabitants
Transport links
Wilhelmsruh is located on the old country road between Reinickendorf and Rosenthal, today's main road. The main traffic flows over the Germanenstraße to the southeast in the direction of Pankow and over the Kastanienallee in the north to Nordend and Niederschönhausen .
Local public transport is characterized by the Wilhelmsruh S-Bahn station on the S1 and S26 lines on the southern edge of the town. This is supplemented by bus routes 155 to Pankow and 122 to Reinickendorf, Rosenthal and the Märkisches Viertel .
- → See also: List of streets in Berlin-Wilhelmsruh
History of rail traffic in Wilhelmsruh
The history of rail traffic in the area of today's Wilhelmsruh began in 1877 with the opening of the Rosenthal station on the newly created Berliner Nordbahn , a long-distance line that first ran from the Pankow station in Wollankstrasse, and later from the Stettiner station to Oranienburg . The "stop" was laid out at ground level on what is now Copenhagen Street. That was enough for the requirements of a railway station in a rural area at the time. The name was changed several times, such as in Reinickendorf and Rosenthaler Straße. Until 1937 it was called Reinickendorf-Rosenthal, before it was finally given its name Wilhelmsruh . Right next to the train station, the small train station of the Reinickendorf-Liebenwalder-Groß-Schönebecker Eisenbahn AG , or “Heidekrautbahn” for short , was built in 1901 , which established a connection to the edge of the Schorfheide . On May 21, 1901, the line was initially opened for passenger traffic and on June 3 of the same year for freight traffic. The then ground-level suburban train station Reinickendorf-Rosenthal connected the two stations. Between 1908 and 1910, the northern line was relocated to an embankment for traffic reasons, in order to ensure smooth train traffic. Accesses were created to both sides of the dam in the south. The Heidekrautbahn station remained at ground level. In 1924 the stations received a tram connection. For the first time, there was also a direct connection between the centers of Reinickendorf and Wilhelmsruh.
In 1925 the electrification of the northern line to Oranienburg, the current terminus of the S1 S-Bahn line, took place, and the station has been an S-Bahn station ever since.
On March 21, 1939, the new station building of the Heidekrautbahn was completed. Shortly before the end of the war in 1945, rail traffic on both the S-Bahn and the Heidekrautbahn had to be suspended due to increasing attacks and destruction, but the first trains on the Heidekrautbahn started running again in June 1945, albeit initially only once a week. In the post-war period , the Heidekrautbahn station was on East Berlin territory, while the S-Bahn station was on Reinickendorfer territory - that is, on West Berlin territory.
With the construction of the Wall in 1961, the S-Bahn station was only usable for West Berliners who could enter it from the southern entrance. GDR citizens were denied entry, the exit towards Wilhelmsruh was walled up and part of the border installations. The Heidekrautbahn station was completely demolished, and the beginning of the line moved to Blankenfelde . Factory traffic from the surrounding area, primarily to VEB Bergmann-Borsig , was operated by bus from Blankenfelde from now until 1983, after which operations on the southern branch of the Heidekrautbahn were completely stopped. Only the foundations of the Wilhelmsruher train station of the Heidekrautbahn are left today. The Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn is making efforts to extend the train service from Basdorf again via Wilhelmsruh in the direction of Gesundbrunnen ; whether and when this will happen has not yet been determined.
Since the majority of the S-Bahn passengers consisted of Wilhelmsruhern and Rosenthalern until 1961, the number of passengers fell rapidly with the construction of the Wall and deteriorated increasingly with the S-Bahn boycott . In 1984 the operator of the S-Bahn switched from the Deutsche Reichsbahn to the BVG . This initially stopped operations for a few months before this measure was withdrawn through public protest. It was only after the fall of the Wall in 1989 that Wilhelmsruher could use the station again. The station was renovated in 2000 and 2001, and the northern entrance has been accessible again since 2001.
history
From the foundation to the First World War
Wilhelmsruh is one of the Berlin villa suburbs, as they emerged in many places around Berlin in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These include, for example, Dahlem , Westend , Grunewald or Lichterfelde West . In the immediate vicinity of Rosenthal, the Nordend country house colony was established as early as 1875 , and at times was given the name Rosenthal II .
The map, created around 1892, shows primarily rural and unwooded areas between Reinickendorf and Rosenthal. Both were connected by an unpaved road. The only traffic access was at the stop at the Berlin Northern Railway , which had started operating in 1877 between Stettiner Bahnhof and Oranienburg as a suburban railway. In addition to the main road, there was already a connecting path between Schönholz and Rosenthal, the course of which today is the Schönholzer Weg and the Germanenstraße . The swamp area of the later Wilhelmsruher See, also known as the “Ententeich”, with an access that corresponds to today's Marthastraße and a ditch that ends at today's Garibaldi pond and is still visible today as a temple ditch, can still be seen. The Schönholzer Forest was not yet as extensive as it is today as the Schönholzer Heide .
On February 7, 1894, the name Wilhelmsruh appeared for the first time in the minutes of the parish meetings of Rosenthal. In the application process in 1892, Hermann Günther asked to approve the designation of the Colonie Wilhelmsruh . The then Rosenthal community leader and landowner Carl Nieder was taken into account in the street name of Niederstrasse. There are several theses about the reasons for naming Wilhelmsruh : Kaiser Wilhelm I is said to have given the area its name because he liked to have ridden here with his entourage. Apart from that, there was a house and landowner association to which a Wilhelm Burde belonged. He came here to have some peace, hence Wilhelmsruh. It is also assumed that the place got its name after Wilhelm Grande, one of the restaurant owners of the Wilhelmsruh seaside resort on today's Wilhelmsruher See.
Structural development was initially slow. The building code only provided for country houses. In 1893 the first plot of land on Hauptstrasse 19 was built on. In 1895 the first paving took place in Wilhelmsruh in Edelweißstraße , in 1900 gas lighting was introduced and in 1902 the first street trees were planted. From 1900 to 1905 there was more building activity. The Niederschen possessions between Wilhelmsruher See and Wodanstrasse were parceled out. From 1905 to 1906 the Luther Church was built on Goethe / Hielscherstraße . The rectory was occupied in 1907 and a kindergarten was founded. From 1906, handsome villas were built in this area. From 1945 to 1946, one of them was the guest house of the Soviet headquarters. On October 6, 1908, the community school was inaugurated in Schillerstrasse , which is also known as the “Red School” because of its brick architecture .
In 1906, Sigmund Bergmann , owner of Bergmann Elektrizitätswerke , acquired a 76,000 m² site in the vicinity of the newly created village of Wilhelmsruh. In doing so, he followed a development that had been observed in Berlin's industry for some time. The main factory on Seestrasse in Wedding had become too small and expansion was no longer possible. The only way out was to move to the city limits at that time, as Borsig , Siemens & Halske or Siemens-Schuckert and AEG had already done. In 1907 the first development took place on the site of today's PankowPark . Bergmann shaped the further development of Wilhelmsruh over the next few decades.
From 1918 to 1945
The public bathing establishment (medical bathing establishment) was built in 1920 on the former ice shed in today's Garibaldistraße, directly on the Garibalditeich. With the formation of Greater Berlin , Wilhelmsruh became part of the newly founded Berlin district of Reinickendorf on October 1, 1920 .
The Wilhelmsruh substation, built by Hans Heinrich Müller between 1925 and 1927, looks like a cathedral or a medieval fortress . Bewag's house architect built a number of such buildings in Berlin between 1924 and 1930, one of the nicer ones being located at Wilhelmsruher Kopenhagener Strasse 83-101. It served the conversion of rotation - in DC for the 1924 built by Wilhelmsruh tram .
With the Berlin territorial reform on April 1, 1938, Wilhelmsruh became completely part of the Pankow district after an area swap between the districts .
Since armaments were also manufactured in the Bergmann factory on the western edge of the town, the operation was a special goal of the Allies during World War II and was 75 percent destroyed by the end of the war.
Development after 1945
With the division of Berlin into four sectors by the Allies , the Pankow district and thus Wilhelmsruh became part of the Soviet sector in 1945 . In the first post-war years , the Bergmann factory was rebuilt and partially rebuilt, which was first completed with the establishment of VEB Bergmann-Borsig in 1949. The steadily increasing number of employees at the plant resulted in increased construction activity in the district in the 1950s and 1960s, especially through the workers' housing association Bergmann-Borsig. The five-storey buildings of the 1950s, characteristic of the district, were built on the edges of the previous settlement.
From February 1950, the headquarters of the Maritime Police Headquarters was located on the grounds of VEB Bergmann-Borsig, under the direction of the People's Police Inspector Felix Scheffler . It coordinated the establishment of the GDR naval forces and consisted of 13 officers, nine crews, three drivers and a watch command.
In 1951, a number of streets were renamed with "historically charged" names. On May 2, 1960 and October 1, 1960, the tram lines 36 and 35, which had previously run on the West Berlin side to Wilhelmsruh S-Bahn station, were finally closed. With the construction of the wall on August 13, 1961, Wilhelmsruh almost becomes an enclave . The traffic on Kopenhagener Straße was interrupted and the S-Bahn station, whose entrance is in the wall strip, was no longer accessible. Wilhelmsruh could only be reached by bus from Pankow.
After there had been a cinema called Urania in the former Kronprinzenstraße (today: Tollerstraße ) by the end of 1945, the Lunik cinema was opened on August 24, 1961 on the corner of Schiller and Hauptstraße , named after the first Soviet moon satellite . It was a modern large cinema with 510 seats, which was probably still planned for visits by West Berliners. For a long time it was the only cinema in the outskirts of Berlin that had wide screen technology. The Lunik cinema had to close in 1991 under pressure from an investor and was demolished.
With the fall of 1989, a pedestrian crossing was set up on Kopenhagener Strasse in the same year and the S-Bahn was usable again for Wilhelmsruher. On April 7, 1990, the Kopenhagener Strasse was again opened to traffic to Reinickendorf.
The years after 1990 were very difficult for Bergmann-Borsig under the conditions of the free market . Despite the fact that the factory was taken over by the ABB group in 1991, the number of employees fell rapidly by over 80 percent in the following years, which of course also had considerable effects. In addition, large parts of the areas and buildings on the previous Bergmann-Borsig site were empty. Only with the establishment of the PankowPark in 1998 as an industrial park did the situation improve again with the settlement of new companies.
At the same time, a number of new single and multi-family houses and city villas were built in the 1990s, so that after a long period of stagnation, the population increased again for the first time. There was also a revitalization through new restaurants and shops in the area of the main street. Increasing closures of shops and shopping venues are slowly abandoning the main street.
Due to a lack of public funding, the district library in Wilhelmsruh closed at the end of 2004. The non-profit association “Leben in Wilhelmsruh e. V. ”succeeded in obtaining alternative premises on the PankowPark site from the ABB group. The new library has now started operations.
See also
Web links
- Wilhelmsruh - From Industry to Heidekrautbahn on www.pankeguide.de , accessed on January 6, 2017
Individual evidence
- ^ Ingo Pfeiffer: Opponent against his will: Confrontation of the People's Navy and the Federal Navy at sea . Miles-Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-937885-57-5 . ( limited preview in Google Book search)
