Wolf von Baudissin
Wolf Stefan Traugott Graf von Baudissin (born May 8, 1907 in Trier , † June 5, 1993 in Hamburg ) was a German officer, most recently lieutenant general, military theorist and peace researcher. He played a key role in the development of the Bundeswehr and in particular in the development of the Inner Leadership .
Life
Count Baudissin was the son of the Prussian government president in Trier, Theodor von Baudissin and his wife Elis born. from Borcke . After his father was transferred to the Marienwerder administrative district in 1920 , he attended the Marienwerder grammar school from Obertertia to high school . In 1925/26 he studied law , history and economics for two semesters at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin . He then joined the highly noble Infantry Regiment 9 ("Graf Neun") of the Reichswehr in Potsdam as a flag junior . However, he returned to civilian life in 1927 to complete an agricultural training. After graduating from the Technical University of Munich , he returned to active service in 1930 and, after further military training, was promoted to lieutenant in 1933 . In 1935 he became a regimental adjutant in the 9th Infantry Regiment and from 1938 attended training as a general staff officer at the Wehrmacht Academy in Berlin. Promoted to captain in 1939 , he was transferred to the general staff of the Africa Corps in 1941 at Erwin Rommel's request . After a short time he came in 1941 in British-Australian prisoner of war , which he held until 1947 in a POW camp Durringhile, Victoria , spent. During this time he was promoted to major in absentia . In the camp he had the idea of the so-called "POW University". There, the knowledgeable German prisoners of war taught their comrades in subjects such as strategy , but also prepared them for a life after the war.
On his return to Germany, Baudissin was soon called in to the group of military experts in the Adenauer I cabinet who wrote the secret Himmeroder memorandum in October 1950 . Baudissin was the second youngest in the circle of mostly much higher-ranking former officers. He dealt particularly with the internal structure of future armed forces and, along with Johann Adolf Graf von Kielmansegg and Ulrich de Maizière, became one of the intellectual fathers of the reform conception of the Innereführung .
He joined the Blank office in 1951 as head of department and in 1955 became a sub-department head in the Ministry of Defense . In 1956 he was transferred to the Bundeswehr as a colonel , and from 1958 to 1961 Baudissin commanded a combat group , which later became the 4th Panzer Grenadier Brigade . 1961 he was appointed as Head of Operations and Intelligence into NATO - Headquarters of Fontainebleau added. From 1963 to 1965 he was in command of the NATO Defense College in Paris and then as Lieutenant General Deputy Chief of Staff for Planning and Operations at the NATO High Command Europe (SHAPE) in Paris and later in Casteau (Belgium).
While he was still active, Baudissin joined the Public Services, Transport and Traffic Union in 1966 . When he reached the age limit, he retired in 1967 and was active in science and politics. Joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany in 1968 , Baudissin publicly supported Willy Brandt's election campaign in 1972 . In January 1981, Baudissin gave an interview to the political scientist Gerhard Kade from Darmstadt on questions of NATO strategy, which was published in the same year in an anthology edited by Kade under the title Generals für den Frieden . At the time, Baudissin could not have known that Kade was an unofficial employee (IM) of the State Security of the GDR , but shortly after the publication of the tape he accused Kade in a letter (May 22, 1981, documented in the Baudissin Documentation Center of the Bundeswehr Leadership Academy in Hamburg) that he had abused him for his agitation against the NATO double resolution and broke off contact with him by stating that Kade lacked respect for those who think differently. Baudissin was never a member of the Generals for Peace group , which was organized by Kade after the book was published and financed by East Berlin , but his participation in the interview tape earned him this slander. In fact, in the debates about retrofitting, Baudissin was one of the most consistent advocates of the NATO double resolution, as was not least his contribution to the volume Passion for Practical Reason. Helmut Schmidt attests to the seventieth . He even saw himself as a co-author of the double resolution (letter to Major Helmuth Prieß from August 1983, documented in the BDZ).
From 1971 to 1984 he was the founding director of the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg , where he was appointed professor in 1979 . 1980 to 1986 he was also a lecturer for foreign and security policy at what is now the Helmut Schmidt University / University of the Federal Armed Forces in Hamburg . He was also a member of the military and social sciences working group .
Baudissin was married to the sculptor Dagmar Burggräfin and Countess zu Dohna-Schlodien (1907–1995). She was the daughter of the lawyer and politician Alexander Graf zu Dohna-Schlodien and his wife Elisabeth, née von Pommer Esche .
The Baudissins are buried in the Groß Flottbek cemetery in Hamburg.
Honors
- Iron Cross II and I Class (1940)
- Freiherr-vom-Stein-Preis , with the generals Graf von Kielmannsegg and Ulrich de Maiziere (1965)
- Theodor Heuss Prize (1967)
- Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany , Large Federal Cross of Merit with Star and Shoulder Ribbon (1967)
- Heinz Herbert Karry Prize (1985)
- Forum Wolf Graf v. Baudissin in the Inner Guidance Center , Koblenz (April 19, 1994)
- Renaming of the General Schwartzkopff Barracks in Hamburg to Lieutenant General Graf von Baudissin Barracks (June 7, 1994)
Fonts
- Soldier for peace. Draft for a contemporary Bundeswehr. Contributions 1951–1969 . Piper, Munich 1969 (new edition 1982, ISBN 3-492-01792-4 )
- Never again victory. Programmatic writings 1951-1981 . Edited by Cornelia Bührle and Claus von Rosen. Piper, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-492-00542-X
- ... as if we had never been apart. Letters from Wolf Graf von Baudissin and Dagmar Countess zu Dohna . Edited by E. Knoke. Bouvier, Bonn 2001, ISBN 3-416-02987-9
- Count of Baudissin. As a person behind the gun . Source edition, edited and commented by Angelika Dörfler-Dierken. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-525-57121-6 ( review )
literature
- Meik Woyke: Baudissin, Wolf . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 6 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-8353-1025-4 , p. 24-25 .
- Rudolf J. Schlaffer , Wolfgang Schmidt (ed.): Wolf Graf von Baudissin 1907–1993. Modernizer between totalitarian rule and free order. On behalf of the Military History Research Office, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58283-3 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Wolf von Baudissin in the catalog of the German National Library
- Short biography and reviews of works by Wolf von Baudissin at perlentaucher.de
- Irmgard Zündorf: Biography of Wolf Graf Baudissin , in: LeMO , Lebendiges Museum Online
- Wolf Graf von Baudissin in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Manfred Lahnstein , Hans Matthöfer : Passion for practical reason. Helmut Schmidt for the seventieth . Berlin 1989
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Baudissin, Wolf von |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Baudissin, Wolf Stefan Traugott Graf von (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German lieutenant general and peace researcher |
DATE OF BIRTH | May 8, 1907 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | trier |
DATE OF DEATH | 5th June 1993 |
Place of death | Hamburg |