Zygmunt Bauman

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Zygmunt Bauman (2013)

Zygmunt Bauman (born November 19, 1925 in Posen , Poland ; died January 9, 2017 in Leeds , England ) was a Polish-British sociologist and philosopher .

Life

Bauman lived in Poznan in western Poland until the beginning of the Second World War . During the German occupation , his Jewish family fled to the Soviet Union . There he attended boarding school and joined the communist youth organization Komsomol . In 1942 Bauman began studying in Gorki . In 1944 he was mobilized, assigned to Moscow as an inspector of the militia and later deployed as a political officer in a regiment of the Polish Armed Forces in the Soviet Union consisting of deported Poles .

Between 1945 and 1953 he was a political officer (most recently as a major) in the Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego (Internal Security Corps of the Ministry of Public Security ), which, among other things, fought the Polish anti-communist resistance . At the same time he was registered under the code name "Semjon" as an agent of the Military Information Service ( Informacja Wojskowa ) in the years 1945-1948 .

Zygmunt Bauman at re: publica 2015

Because of the western contacts of his father, who represented Zionist positions, he was dismissed in 1953. He himself rejected his positions.

After 1956 he received his doctorate and habilitation in 1960 at the University of Warsaw . There he had been a lecturer in sociology since 1954 and in 1962 he succeeded Julian Hochfeld (1911-1966), who was one of his academic teachers alongside Stanisław Ossowski . In early January 1968 he resigned in protest from the Polish United Workers' Party , of which he had been a member since his student days. After the March riots in 1968 and the anti-Semitic smear campaign that began, he lost his job at the University of Warsaw and emigrated to Israel .

In 1971 Bauman was offered a chair in sociology at the University of Leeds in Great Britain , which he held until 1990. Until his death, Bauman lived as a professor emeritus in Leeds and pursued his publication activities. He was married to the author Janina Bauman (died 2009) for 61 years . Since her death, he lived with Aleksandra Jasińska-Kania, the daughter of the former Polish Stalinist party leader Bolesław Bierut .

plant

Due to political events, Bauman had to emigrate or flee twice in his life. He and his family fled from the Nazis to the Soviet Union in 1939 and fought as a Polish soldier against the Wehrmacht . Bauman had profound experiences with war, National Socialism , Stalinism and democracy, which he addresses in his theories against the background of current transformation processes . Totality, surveillance, domination, exclusion and adaptation are recurring themes in his works.

He became known worldwide beyond the boundaries of his subject since the late 1980s, primarily with his studies of the connection between the culture of modernity and totalitarianism , especially German National Socialism and the Holocaust . For Bauman, the Holocaust was one of several avenues the European Enlightenment could take. By declaring the Holocaust to be an integral - fundamentally repeatable - component of European modernity, he succeeded in "historicizing" it. The theses of the political scientist Benedict Anderson were incorporated into his work on the emergence of the Holocaust from the modern world of states, which is organized according to national criteria .

While Bauman presented numerous works on the discourse of postmodernism in the 1990s, most recently he mainly dealt with the new kind of contingency that characterizes the living conditions of the “liquid”, ie “liquefied” modernity . To emphasize the “liquid” state of the present, Bauman characterizes the difference between “heavy” modernity and “light” postmodernism, exemplified by the phenomenon of power . Based on the design of the Panopticon as a key metaphor for modern power relations by Michel Foucault , Bauman describes the current state of power as “post-panoptic” . In doing so, he takes up thoughts from Richard Sennett . For Bauman, power moves at the speed of electronic signals in postmodernism, so it is difficult to grasp, extraterritorial and physically independent. It flows through space and time in the sense of Bauman, but above all it does not adhere to the national borders that were once strictly defended in modern times by wars, border controls and by power blocs.

In his work Communities he develops these approaches further: the elites no longer exercise direct control and the binding force of ties and norms is waning. In their place come the temptations and temptations of abundance: the marching column, directed from the outside, is replaced by the swarm . Liquid modernity no longer has a vision of a just final state of the world. The elites withdraw from the world, give up their ambitions to maintain social norms and to create a new order, and become more or less extraterritorial. Power is no longer based on domination, but on group identity through distancing, on the striving to set oneself apart and to use superficial differences to assert individual rights. Along with the differences, new communities are formed that appeal to human rights with universalistic claims. One consequence is the fierce “wars of recognition”, ie extreme struggles for emancipation and identity, which characterize postmodernism: The defense of small communities appears more important than all other obligations and leads to exclusion and restrictions of freedom. These struggles for identity harbor fundamentalist traits if they are only pursued as self-realization.

Awards

Bauman received the Amalfi Prize in 1989 and the Theodor W. Adorno Prize in 1998 . In 2010 he was awarded the Prince of Asturias Prize in the Communication and Human Sciences category (together with Alain Touraine ). In 2013 Bauman refused to accept an honorary doctorate from the University of Wroclaw after allegations that he had never apologized for his involvement in the Stalinist repression apparatus. In 2014 the German Society for Sociology awarded him the prize for an "outstanding scientific life's work"; Ulrich Beck was the laudator .

Works

Polish period

  • 1957: Zagadnienia centralizmu Demokratycznego w pracach Lenina [Questions of democratic centralism in Lenin's works]. Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • 1959: Socjalizm brytyjski: Źródła, filozofia, doktryna polityczna [British socialism: sources, philosophy, political doctrine]. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
  • 1960: Klasa, ruch, elita: Studium socjologiczne dziejów angielskiego ruchu robotniczego [Class, movement, elite: A sociological study of the history of the English labor movement]. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
  • 1960: Z dziejów Demokratycznego ideału [From the history of the democratic ideal]. Warszawa: Iskry.
  • 1960: Kariera: cztery szkice socjologiczne [career. Four sociological sketches]. Warszawa: Iskry.
  • 1961: Z zagadnień współczesnej socjologii amerykańskiej [Questions of Modern American Sociology]. Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • 1962 (with Szymon Chodak, Juliusz Strojnowski, Jakub Banaszkiewicz): Systemy partyjne współczesnego kapitalizmu [party systems of modern capitalism]. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza.
  • 1962: Społeczeństwo, w którym żyjemy [The Society We Live In]. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza.
  • 1962: Zarys socjologii. Zagadnienia i pojęcia [Outline of Sociology. Questions and terms]. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
  • 1963: Idea, ideały, ideologie [ideas, ideals, ideologies]. Warszawa: Iskry.
  • 1964: Zarys marksistowskiej teorii społeczeństwa [Outline of Marxist social theory]. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
  • 1964: Socjologia na co dzień [Sociology for Everyday Life]. Warszawa: Iskry.
  • 1965: Wizje ludzkiego świata. Studia nad społeczną genezą i funkcją socjologii [Visions of a human world. Studies on the social genesis and function of sociology]. Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • 1966: Kultura i społeczeństwo. Preliminaria [culture and society. Preliminaries]. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

British period

  • 1972: Between Class and Elite. The Evolution of the British Labor Movement. A Sociological Study . Manchester: Manchester University Press ISBN 0-7190-0502-7 , (Polish original 1960)
  • 1973: Culture as practice. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7619-5989-0 .
  • 1976: Socialism: The Active Utopia . New York: Holmes and Meier Publishers. ISBN 0-8419-0240-2 .
  • 1976: Towards a Critical Sociology: An Essay on Common-Sense and Emancipation . London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-8306-8 .
  • 1978: Hermeneutics and Social Science: Approaches to Understanding . London: Hutchinson. ISBN 0-09-132531-5 .
  • 1982: Memories of Class: The Pre-history and After-life of Class . London / Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-9196-6 .
  • c1985 Stalin and the peasant revolution: a case study in the dialectics of master and slave . Leeds: University of Leeds Department of Sociology. ISBN 0-907427-18-9 .
  • 1987: Legislators and interpreters - On Modernity, Post-Modernity, Intellectuals . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2104-7 .
  • 1988: Freedom . Philadelphia: Open University Press. ISBN 0-335-15592-8 .
  • 1989: Modernity and The Holocaust . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2397-X
    (German translation. Dialectic of Order. Die Moderne und der Holocaust , Hamburg: Europäische Verlagsanstalt, 1992. ISBN 3-434-50015-4 .) See also Thomas Etzemüller: Ambivalente Metaphorik. A critical review of Zygmunt Bauman's “Dialectic of Order” (1989) . In: Zeithistorische Forschungen 14 (2017), pp. 177–183.
  • 1990: Paradoxes of Assimilation . New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
  • 1990: Thinking Sociologically. An introduction for Everyone . Cambridge, Mass .: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-16361-1 .
    (German translation. On the benefit of sociology , Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, ​​2000, ISBN 3-518-11984-2 .)
  • 1991: Modernity and Ambivalence . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2603-0 .
    (German translation. Modernism and Ambivalence. The End of Uniqueness , Hamburg: Junius, 1992, ISBN 3-88506-204-6 .)
  • 1992: Intimations of Postmodernity . London, New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-06750-2 .
    (German translation. Views of Postmodernism , Hamburg: Argument-Verlag 1995, ISBN 3-88619-239-3 .)
  • 1992: Mortality, Immortality and Other Life Strategies . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-1016-1 .
    (German translation. Death, immortality and other life strategies , Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch-Verlag, 1994, ISBN 3-596-12326-7 .)
  • 1993: Postmodern Ethics. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-18693-X .
    (German translation: Postmoderne Ethik , Hamburger Edition , Hamburg 1995, ISBN 3-930908-22-0 .)
  • 1994: Dwa szkice o moralności ponowoczesnej [Two sketches on postmodern morality]. Warszawa: IK.
  • 1995: Life in Fragments. Essays in Postmodern Morality . Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19267-0 .
    (German translation. Strollers, players and tourists. Essays on postmodern ways of life , Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 1997, ISBN 3-930908-30-1 .)
  • 1996: Alone Again - Ethics After Certainty. London: demos. ISBN 1-898309-40-X .
  • 1997: Postmodernity and its discontents . New York: New York University Press. ISBN 0-7456-1791-3 .
    (German translation. The unease in postmodernism , Hamburg: Hamburger Edition 1999, ISBN 3-930908-45-X .) [Reviews: Gerd Roellecke in: FAZ, March 23, 1999; C. Geulen in: SZ, 27./28. March 1999]
  • 1997: Ciało i przemoc w obliczu ponowoczesności [Body and violence in the face of postmodernism]. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. ISBN 83-231-0654-1 .
  • 1997: (with Roman Kubicki, Anna Zeidler-Janiszewska) Humanista w ponowoczesnym świecie - rozmowy o sztuce życia, nauce, życiu sztuki i innych sprawach [A humanist in the postmodern world - conversations about the art of life, science, the life of the Art and other subjects]. Warszawa: Zysk i S-ka. ISBN 83-7150-313-X .
  • 1998: Work, consumerism and the new poor . Philadelphia: Open University Press. ISBN 0-335-20155-5 .
  • 1998: Globalization: The Human Consequences . New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-7456-2012-4 .
    (German translation. Man in a globalization cage , Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 2003, ISBN 3-518-12125-1 .)
  • 1999: In Search of Politics . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-2172-4 .
    (German translation. The crisis of politics. Curse and chance of a new public , Hamburg: Hamburger Edition 2000, ISBN 3-930908-60-3 .)
  • 2000: Liquid Modernity . Cambridge: Polity Press ISBN 0-7456-2409-X .
    (German translation volatile modernism , Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 2003, ISBN 3-518-12447-1 .)
  • 2001: Community. Seeking Safety in an Insecure World . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-2634-3 .
    (German translation : Communities: In search of security in a threatening world , Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 2009, ISBN 978-3-518-12565-6 .)
  • 2001: The Individualized Society. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-2506-1 .
  • 2001 (with Keith Tester): Conversations with Zygmunt Bauman . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-2664-5 .
  • 2001 (with Tim May): Thinking Sociologically, 2nd edition . Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-21929-3 .
  • 2002: Society Under Siege. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-2984-9 .
  • 2003: Liquid Love: On the Frailty of Human Bonds, Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-2489-8 .
  • 2003: City of fears, city of hopes . London: Goldsmith's College. ISBN 1-904158-37-4 .
  • 2004: Wasted Lives. Modernity and its Outcasts. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-3164-9 .
    (German translation. Rejected life. The marginalized of modernity , Hamburg: Hamburger Edition 2005, ISBN 3-936096-57-0 , Bonn: Licensed edition for the Federal Agency for Civic Education 2005, ISBN 3-89331-649-3 . Review of Jens Kastner: The state and the waste . Jungle World 43/2006, October 26, 2005.)
  • 2004: Europe: An Unfinished Adventure . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-3403-6 .
  • 2004: Identity: Conversations with Benedetto Vecchi . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-3308-0 .
  • 2005: Liquid Life . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-3514-8 .
    (German translation. Life in the fleeting modernity , Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 2007, ISBN 978-3-518-12503-8 .)
  • 2006: Liquid Fear . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-3680-2 .
  • 2006: Moralność w niestabilnym świecie [morality in an unstable world]. Poznań: Księgarnia św. Wojciecha. ISBN 83-7015-863-3 .
  • 2007: Liquid Times: Living in an Age of Uncertainty . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-3987-9 .
    (German translation. Fleeting Times: Living in Uncertainty , Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 2008, ISBN 978-3-936096-92-7 .)
  • 2007: Consuming Life . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-3979-8 .
    (German translation. Life as consumption , Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 2009, ISBN 978-3-86854-211-0 .)
  • 2008: Does Ethics Have a Chance in a World of Consumers? (Institute for Human Sciences Vienna Lecture Series). Cambridge, Mass .: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02780-0 .
  • 2008: The Art of Life . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-4326-4 .
    (German translation. Wir Lebenskünstler , Berlin: Suhrkamp, ​​2010, ISBN 978-3-86854-211-0 .)
  • 2009: Living on Borrowed Time: Conversations with Citlali Rovirosa-Madrazo . Cambridge: Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-4738-8 .
  • 2009 (with Anna Zeidler-Janiszewska, Roman Kubicki): Życie w kontekstach. Rozmowy o tym, co za nami, io tym, co przed nami [life in contexts. Conversations about what lies behind us and what lies ahead]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie i Profesjonalne ISBN 978-83-61408-77-2 .
    (German extracts from the book published in: telegraph. ostdeutsche magazine # 120/121 (June 2010))
  • 2009: Quel diverso che ci fa paura . La Repubblica November 16, 2009, p. 37
  • 2011: Jochen Rack: Life and Consumption. Conversation with Zygmunt Bauman . In: Sinn und Form 4/2011, pp. 532–543
  • 2013: data, drones, discipline. A conversation about cursory surveillance. Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyon . Suhrkamp, ​​Berlin, ISBN 978-3-518-12667-7 .
  • 2015: will the rich save us? . Herder, 2015, ISBN 978-3-451-31565-7 .
  • 2015 (with Stanislaw Obirek): Of God and Man . Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 978-0-7456-9569-3 .
  • 2016: Strangers at Our Door. Polity Press, Cambridge, ISBN 978-1-5095-1217-1 .
  • 2017: Retrotopia. Polity Press, Cambridge, ISBN 978-1-5095-1531-8 .
  • 2019: Born Liquid. Transformations in the Third Millennium. with Thomas Leoncini, translated from Italian (2017), Polity Press, Cambridge 2019, ISBN 978-1-5095-3070-0 .

literature

English speaking

  • Peter Beilharz: Zygmunt Bauman: Dialectic of Modernity. Sage, London 2000. ISBN 0-7619-6735-4
  • Tony Blackshaw: Zygmunt Bauman (Key Sociologists). Routledge, London / New York 2005, ISBN 0-415-35504-4 .
  • Anthony Elliott (Ed.): The Contemporary Bauman. Routledge, London 2007, ISBN 0-415-40969-1 .
  • Michael Hviid Jacobsen, Poul Poder (Eds.): The Sociology of Zygmunt Bauman: Challenges and Critique. AsHrsgate, London 2008, ISBN 0-7546-7060-0 .
  • Richard Kilminster, Ian Varcoe (Eds.): Culture, Modernity and Revolution: Essays in Honor of Zygmunt Bauman. Routledge, London 1995, ISBN 0-415-08266-8 .
  • Dennis Smith: Zygmunt Bauman: Prophet of Postmodernity (Key Contemporary Thinkers). Polity Press, Cambridge 2000, ISBN 0-7456-1899-5 .
  • Keith Tester: The Social Thought of Zygmunt Bauman. Palgrave MacMillan, Houndmills 2004, ISBN 1-4039-1271-8 .
  • Keith Tester, Michael Hviid Jacobsen: Bauman Before Postmodernity: Invitation, Conversations and Annotated Bibliography 1953–1989. Aalborg University Press, Aalborg 2006, ISBN 87-7307-738-0 .
  • Keith Tester, Michael Hviid Jacobsen, Sophia Marshman: Bauman Beyond Postmodernity: Conversations, Critiques and Annotated Bibliography 1989-2005. Aalborg University Press, Aalborg 2007, ISBN 87-7307-783-6 .

German speaking

  • Peter Haffner : Zygmunt Bauman. The world we live in. Love, work, happiness and consumption. The whole life. An interview with Zygmunt Bauman. In: The magazine . 4th July 2015.
  • Peter Haffner: Zygmunt Bauman. To make the familiar unfamiliar. An interview with Peter Haffner. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-455-00154-9 .
  • Andreas Hetzel: Zygmunt Bauman: Modernism and Ambivalence / Views of Postmodernism. In: Gerhard Gamm / Andreas Hetzel / Markus Lilienthal: Interpretations. Major works “Social Philosophy”. Reclam, Stuttgart 2001, pp. 290-311.
  • Matthias Junge , Thomas Kron (ed.): Zygmunt Bauman. Sociology between postmodernism and ethics. Leske + Budrich (utb), Opladen 2002, ISBN 3-8252-2221-7 .
  • Matthias Junge: Zygmunt Bauman. In: Current Theories of Sociology. Edited by Dirk Kaesler . Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-52822-8 .
  • Matthias Junge: Zygmunt Bauman: Sociology in the tension between modern and postmodern. An introduction. VS, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-531-14920-2 .
  • Jens Kastner: Politics and Postmodernism - Libertarian Aspects in the Sociology of Zygmunt Baumans. Unrast, Münster 2002, ISBN 3-89771-403-5 .
  • Jens Kastner: Zygmunt Bauman. Globalization, politics and fleeting criticism. Turia + Kant, Vienna / Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-85132-788-5 .
  • Boris Krause: Solidarity in times of privatized contingency. Zygmunt Bauman's impetus for a Christian social ethic of postmodernism. Lit, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-8258-8880-0 .
  • Thomas Kron : Moral Individuality. A critique of the postmodern ethics by Zygmunt Bauman and its sociological implications for a social order through individualization. Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2001, ISBN 3-8100-3097-X .
  • Thomas Kron, Melanie Reddig: Zygmunt Bauman. In: Stephan Moebius , Dirk Quadflieg (Ed.): Culture. Present theories. VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-531-14519-3 .
  • Harald Welzer (Ed.): On the ruins of history. Conversations with Raul Hilberg , Hans Mommsen and Zygmunt Bauman. edition diskord, Tübingen 1999, ISBN 3-89295-659-6 .

Web links

Commons : Zygmunt Bauman  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikibooks: Sociological Classics / Bauman, Zygmunt  - learning and teaching materials

Individual references and sources

  1. a b Zygmunt Bauman in the Munzinger archive , accessed on January 11, 2017 ( beginning of article freely accessible)
  2. ^ Piotr Gontarczyk: Towarzysz "Semjon". Nieznany życiorys Zygmunta Baumana. (pdf; 7.9 MB) In: Biuletyn IPN 6/2006. Institute for National Remembrance (IPN), pp. 74-83 , archived from the original on November 26, 2013 ; Retrieved January 10, 2017 (Polish).
  3. Córka Bolesława Bieruta zdradza nieznane fakty nt. svojej rodziny. Onet.pl , December 17, 2012, accessed January 10, 2017 (Polish).
  4. Zygmunt Bauman: Fleeting Modernity . Frankfurt am Main 2003, p. 18; See also Ders .: Communities . Frankfurt 2009, p. 59 f.
  5. ^ Zygmunt Bauman: Communities . Frankfurt am Main 2009, p. 91 ff .; 172 f.
  6. Sabine Adler : Burden instead of dignity. Poland is fighting over an honorary doctorate for the philosopher Zygmunt Bauman . Deutschlandfunk broadcast “Campus & Karriere”, 23 August 2013, accessed on 10 January 2017.
  7. ^ Living in Times of Interregnum . 37th Congress of the German Sociological Society: final lecture, October 10, 2014, accessed on January 10, 2017.