Shirley Manson

This is a sortable table of documents used in legal proceedings that have cited Wikipedia as a source. This may also include important regulatory or administrative government decisions, as well as landmark decisions in other languages than English.

Country/ Organisation	Court/ Body	Date	Case/ Link	Cited article	Remarks/ Quotes
United States	United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit	2008-08-29	Badasa v. Mukasey		See "Asylum-Seeker Rejected Based On Wikipedia, Appeals Court Reverts". Wired.
Germany	Federal Patent Court	2007-11-27	33 W (pat) 99/07	FTSE All-Share Index
Israel	Small claims court, Petah Tikva	2007-10-28	Bar-Ziv vs. Peled	Citing the whole first paragraph of the Hebrew Wikipedia article on electronic spam: he:Spam_(electronic)	First known citation in Israeli jurisprudence.
Canada	Court of Appeal for Ontario	2007-10-22	R. v. Budd	Trust	Cited by the trial judge of first instance.
Australia	Supreme Court of Victoria	2007-10-17	Timoney Technology Limited & Anor v ADI Ltd	Bushmaster IMV	"This case is not the appropriate vehicle to determine whether or to what extent information appearing on a Wikipedia website may be admissible in evidence."
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-10-17	Formula One Licensing B.V. v. Racing-Live S.A.		"The applicant filed abundant material (listed above) with a view to proving that 'F1', far from being a trade mark, is a descriptive indication identifying a type of motor racing event. A significant part of the evidence comes from Wikipedia."
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2007-10-16	Case no. 071516093	Homosexuality in India	Cited by the applicant.
United States	Wisconsin Court of Appeals	2007-10-16	Godoy v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.	Lead#Processing of metal from ore
United States	United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit	2007-10-12	U.S. v. Balduza	PIT maneuver (accessed Sept 20, 2007)
United States	United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit	2007-10-10	Lennon v. Metro. Life Ins. Co.	Blood alcohol
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-10-03	CBS Worldwide Inc. v. Funkwerk plettac electronic GmbH	CBS, CBS Evening News, Orbit News, Sky News, de:Der Preis ist heiß, de:Columbia Broadcasting System	Cited by CBS.
Australia	IP Australia	2007-10-02	Sanofi-Aventis	Lydia Pinkham, Lily the Pink (song)	Cited by the applicant.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-09-27	Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. (Case R 708/2006-4)	Spectrogram, Tarzan	"Again within the ambit of Article 74 (1) CTMR, the Board has considered the references in the 'Wikipedia' article ..."
India	Supreme Court of India	2007-09-26	Commissioner of Customs, New Delhi v. C-Net Communication (I) Pvt. Ltd	Decoder
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-09-25	Hedge Invest SGR P.A. v. BI Management A/S	Hedge fund
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2007-09-24	Case no. 071637020	Young Communist League, Nepal (as of May 31, 2007)
Australia	IP Australia	2007-09-20	Apple Computer Inc	USB
Canada	Public Service Labour Relations Board	2007-09-20	Cox v. Vezina	Mobbing	Cited by the complainant.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-09-18	Visual Finder, S.L. v. Lilly Software Associates, Inc	Visual programming language	Cited by the applicant.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-09-19	Axel Springer AG v. Jerome Russell Cosmetics (USA) Inc.	Bild-Zeitung	Cited by the opponent. "(...) a genuine reputation of the sign has not been proved. In particular, the opponent did not file any documents from independent sources, such as for example market surveys carried out by third specialised companies. The Annual Report comes from the opponent itself, and the Wikipedia extract cannot be properly considered as an "independent source", taking into account that it is an online encyclopaedia open for editing to everyone, collaboratively written by many of its readers."
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-09-16	CSFB Holt, LLC (Case R 390/2007-1	Cash flow return on investment	Cited by the applicant. "Most of the internet references are connected to the applicant (firms that use CFROI with the applicant's consent) or of uncertain reliability, such as Wikipedia (an online encyclopedia that any person can edit) ..."
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Cancellation Division	2007-09-11	Cervecería Argentina S.A. Isenbeck v. Cervecería y Maltería Quilmas S.A.I.C.A. y G.	Patagonia, Río Negro (Argentina)	Cited by the applicant.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-09-10	Reuters Financial Software, s.a. v. Investors Bank & Trust Co.	FOREX
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-09-07	Montebello, S.R.L. v. Bodegas Montebello, S.A.	Fino	Cited by the applicant.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-09-06	Starbucks Co. (Case R 527/2007-2)	Hear Music	Cited by the applicant.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-08-31	Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sdn. Bhd. v. Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH	Fuel cell
Australia	Federal Court of Australia	2007-08-31	SZIYI v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship		"The learned Federal Magistrate also rejected the appellant's complaints in his written submissions that information relied upon by the Tribunal was obtained from the Wikipedia website on the internet and was therefore unreliable. She held the complaint to be misconceived. The Tribunal had identified the independent information to which it had regard and the source of that information. It was not confined to material obtained from Wikipedia but included information from various other human rights sources. There was therefore no failure to comply with the requirements of s 424A(1) of the Act simply because the Tribunal had regard to independent information."
United States	Court of Appeals of Maryland	2007-08-24	Atty. Griev. Comm'n v. Siskind	Opposite day
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit	2007-08-23	Zeiler v. Deitsch	Jewish law (accessed Aug 1, 2007)
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2007-08-21	Case no. 071512328	Andijan massacre
Chile	Santiago Court of Appeals	2007-08-20	Constructora Salfa S.A. ./. Cruz (rol D-4318/2002)	es:Decibelio	First known citation in Chilean jurisprudence.
Australia	Queensland Body Corporate and Community Management Commissioner	2007-08-14	Thornton Tower	Kiosk
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-08-10	EXCELENTISIMA DIPUTACION PROVINCIAL DE ZARAGOZA v. GLOBAL PLASTICS INT.	Side arms
Australia	Federal Court of Australia	2007-08-09	Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd v IceTV Pty Ltd	List of Seinfeld episodes	Cited by one of the parties.
United States	Alaska Court of Appeals	2007-08-08	Denkinger v. State	Seine (fishing)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-08-01	Sony Co. (Case R 291/2007-2	Memory Stick
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-08-01	The Concentrate Manufacturing Company of Ireland v. Gonzalez Byass, S.A.	Manzanilla	Cited by the opponent.
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit	2007-07-31	Boim v. Fulton County Sch. Dist.	School shooting (accessed July 11, 2007)
United States	Alaska Court of Appeals	2007-07-25	Stevens v. Matanuska-Susitna Borough	Chippendales dancers
Canada	Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal	2007-07-12	Decision No. 1344/07	Orthotics	"I placed little weight on this evidence since it was unauthenticated by a professional. As I understand it, the content placed on Wikipedia can be edited by any user and thus is not reliable for accurate information, especially with regard to questions of medical causation."
Australia	Supreme Court of Victoria	2007-07-03	DPP v Dupas	Peter Dupas	Cited by the defence. "The defence has applied for a permanent stay of proceedings on the ground of irremediable prejudice such as would preclude the accused having a fair trial on the charge preferred against him. Essentially the defence admission is that the 'ubiquity and pervasiveness' of the accused's reputation as a serial killer is such that no fair trial can now be had."
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit	2007-07-02	Lands Council v. McNair	Derrick Jensen
United States	Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals	2007-06-29	Litva v. Vill. of Richmond	Lost Liberty Hotel (accessed April 19, 2007)
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit	2007-06-29	Sedrakyan v. Gonzales	Yerevan (accessed June 20, 2007)
Australia	Queensland Body Corporate and Community Management Commissioner	2007-06-26	Case no. 0237-2007	Latticework
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-06-25	Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare (UK) Ltd. v. Microfood Poland Sp. z.o.o.	Ester
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2007-06-20	Case no. 071295385	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-06-19	Primavera Life GmbH v. S.A. Spa Monopole N.V.	SPA
United Kingdom	UK Intellectual Property Office	2007-06-14	Formula One Licensing BV v. Racing-Live	Formula One (accessed May 16, 2006), Formula One engines (accessed December 19, 2005), Formula A (accessed June 12, 2006), Formula 3000 (accessed June 12, 2006), Category:Racing formulas	"The evidence from Wikipedia deals essentially with the history and background of F1 racing, nothing particularly controversial. Wikipedia has sometimes suffered from the self-editing that is intrinsic to it, giving rise at times to potentially libellous statements. However, inherently, I cannot see that what is in Wikipedia is any less likely to be true than what is published in a book or on the websites of news organisations. Mr McLeod did not express any concerns about the Wikipedia evidence. I consider that the evidence from Wikipedia can be taken at face value."
Australia	Federal Magistrates Court of Australia	2007-06-13	MZXMM v. Minister for Immigration	Armenian Apostolic Church	Thorough discussion of the reliability of wikipedia: "Whilst Wikipedia and the web site which is the subject of the present application which is a branch of Wikipedia may loosely be described as an 'information source', the unreliability of that information for the reasons given renders it an irrelevant source. By relying upon it the Tribunal has committed jurisdictional error."
United States	United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit	2007-06-12	U.S. v. Calabrese	Chicago Outfit (accessed June 1, 2007)
United States	United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit	2007-06-08	Tandia v. Gonzales	Kaédi (accessed May 21, 2007)
Canada	Court of Quebec	2007-06-04	Chéné c. Simard	Document
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-05-31	TridonicAtco GmbH & Co. KG (Case R 108/2007-2)	Friutless search for "Intelligent Voltage Guard"	Cited by the applicant. An appeal (T-0297/07) against the decision before the Court of First Instance is pending.
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2007-05-31	Case no. 071176241	Extradition
United States	Texas Court of Appeals	2007-05-24	Freeman v. State	Dallas County, Texas#Demographics
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-05-23	American-Cigarette Company (Overseas) Ltd. v. Philip Morris Products S.A.	Tobacco
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-05-23	Huesker Synthetic GmbH v. DIFEL MÁRMOL, S.L.	Building material	The board comments the reliance on Wikipedia in the contested decision in the of 2005-12-19 (see infra): "After repeating the goods of the conflicting trade marks in issue, the Opposition Division defined the term 'building materials'. It referred to a definition taken from some 'Wikipedia' page which seems to be excessively broad, which nevertheless remained uncontested by the parties."
United States	Supreme Court of Louisiana	2007-05-22	State v. Kenedy	Capital punishment in the United States (accessed Feb 21, 2007)
Australia	Federal Magistrates Court of Australia	2007-05-17	SZIYI v. Minister for Immigration		Unsuccessful complaint by one of the parties about the first court's reliance on Wikipedia: "The Tribunal identified the independent information to which it had regard and the source of that information. It was not confined to material obtained from Wikipedia. It included information from various other human rights sources..."
Australia	Administrative Appeals Tribunal	2007-05-16	Re Fairhall	Therapeutic jurisprudence (accessed Feb 15, 2007)
United States	Superior Court of Connecticut	2007-05-10	In re Alex O.	Hair drug testing
Australia	Federal Magistrates Court of Australia	2007-05-10	Thongsuk v. Minister for Immigration	Chef	Cited by one of the parties.
Australia	Federal Magistrates Court of Australia	2007-05-09	SZJTD v Minister for Immigration	Indian National Lok Dal (accessed July 9, 206)	Cited by the court of first instance.
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit	2007-05-07	Courtney v. Halleran	Savings and Loan crisis (accessed April 24, 2007)
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit	2007-05-04	Matthews v. Ishee	Sarcasm (accessed March 23, 2007)
Canada	Federal Court	2007-05-04	Hassaballa v. Minister for Citizenship and Immigration		Cites the reservations against the use of Wikipedia from Fi v. Canada (see below).
Switzerland	Swiss Federal Supreme Court	2007-05-03	BGE I 871/06	de:Volleyball	First citation by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland.
Australia	Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal	2007-05-03	Boeing Australia Holdings Pty Ltd	Elephant in the room
United States	Supreme Court of Michigan	2007-05-02	Rowland v. Washtenaw County Rd. Comm'n	Ad hominem (accessed March 9, 2007)	Cited in the partly concurring, partly dissenting opinion of Judge Kelly.
Australia	Workers Compensation Commission of New South Wales	2007-04-13	Electrolux Home Products Pty Ltd v. Osborne	Carpal tunnel syndrome
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit	2007-04-10	Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Commissioner	Accrual (accessed March 23, 2007)
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit	2007-04-05	Crawford v. Marion County Election Bd.	Washington gubernatorial election, 2004, Florida's 13th congressional district, Jon Tester (accessed March 22, 2007)
Austria	Austrian Supreme Court	2007-03-29	3Ob277/06s	de:Neusiedler See	First citation by the Austrian Supreme Court.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-03-29	Telesis Entwicklungs- und Management GmbH v. Telesis Communications France SARL	Telesis (accessed Apr 10, 2006)	Cited by the applicant.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-03-28	E-Plus Mobilfunk GmbH & Co. KG v. Level 3 Communications, Inc.		The article cited by the opponent is not identified; presumably it is de:E-Plus. "In the case at hand, to prove the higher degree of distinctiveness, the opponent merely submitted an excerpt from the online encyclopaedia "Wikipedia" to show that the opponent's company is the third largest mobile operator in Germany with more than 8.5 million subscribers as of 2004. The Office points out that this kind of evidence alone is not at all sufficient to prove a higher than normal degree of distinctiveness."
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-03-27	Volkswagen AG v. Suzuki Motor Corp.		The article cited by the applicant is not identified; presumably it is de:GTI.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-03-23	BSB Entertainment, Inc. (Case R 1633/2006-1)	Bachelor's degree
Canada	Ontario Consent and Capacity Board	2007-03-22	M.L. (Re)		"The self-diagnosis of his symptoms was gleaned from the Wikipedia online encyclopaedia which simplistically enabled Mr. M.L. to determine that he suffers from post traumatic stress syndrome, fictitious syndrome, disassociative syndrome or borderline personality disorder. Regrettably, Mr. M.L.'s belief that his self-diagnosis of his mental condition is to be preferred to the professional opinion of a licensed psychiatrist is compelling evidence that he fails to understand that he is ill. Therefore, the Panel concludes that Mr. M.L. lacks insight and is therefore incapable of considering information relevant to making treatment decisions."
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-03-20	FIAT S.P.A. v. R82 A/S	Fiat Panda	"Although the opponent could have submitted more evidence in order to show the reputation of the earlier mark, the Office finds that the abstract from Wikipedia is a strong indication of the reputation acquired by the mark "FIAT PANDA" among the general public in all the territory of the European Union."
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2007-03-19	Case no. 071105908	Hezbollah, Military of Lebanon#Conscription (accessed March 8, 2007)
Australia	Administrative Appeals Tribunal	2007-03-16	Re Crook	Therapeutic jurisprudence (accessed Feb 15, 2007)
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit	2007-03-13	Delisa Ross v. RJM Acquisitions Funding LLC	Soundex, Approximate string matching
Canada	Quebec Superior Court	2007-03-13	Boudreau v. Violo	Hedge
Australia	Migration Review Tribunal	2007-03-12	Case no. 060614374	Marriage in Pakistan (accessed Dec 21, 2006)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-03-07	Becker v. Harman International Industries, Inc.	Becker, Barbara Becker, Family name	The board is sceptical when considering the first two articles, cited by the applicant: "However, Wikipedia is an open-source website, where anybody may submit information for publication. It is not reviewed and cannot be considered as a definitive guideline." "Regarding the fame of the applicant, the scant evidence therefore is a very short extract from the unsubstantiated website Wikipedia, stating that the applicant 'hopes to be active as a fashion designer'. The Office, in accordance with its usual practices, cannot consider this to be adequate evidence that the applicant is 'well-known' as claimed." As to the third article, cited by the opponent, the board has a more favorable view: "An article from Wikipedia is submitted, concerning family names in countries all over the world. It shows that there are so many differences between linguistic practices that it is obvious that one name can only be very common in one country." An appeal (T-0212/07) against the decision before the Court of First Instance is pending.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-03-05	Red Bull GmbH v. Incorporated Beverages (Jersey) Ltd.	Mixed drink shooters and drink shots
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-02-28	Memetrics Holdings Pty Ltd. v. Metrics In Marketing, S.A.	Metrics
Australia	Administrative Appeals Tribunal	2007-02-28, 2007-02-20	Re Collier, Re Carter	Therapeutic jurisprudence (accessed Feb 2007)
United States	U.S. Tax Court	2007-02-28	Michael Ferguson v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue	Video poker, Expected value, Progressive jackpot
United Kingdom	Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service	2007-02-27	Clark Equipment Co. v. Hamlen	Bobcat	Cited by one of the parties.
United States	Superior Court of Connecticut	2007-02-23	In re Melody L.	Hair drug testing
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit	2007-02-22	Ordinalo v. Hackman	Calcium oxide (accessed Nov 29 2006)
United States	U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York	2007-02-21	Alfa Co. v. OAO Alfa Bank	Transliteration of Russian into English	Thorough discussion of Wikipedia as judicial source and of relevant precedent.
United Kingdom	Asylum and Immigration Tribunal	2007-02-20	MA v. Secretary of State	Allenby Bridge (accessed July 7, 2006)
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2007-02-19	Case no. 061020230	Jaffna (accessed Feb 13, 2007)
United Kingdom	Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service	2007-02-16	Michael Page International v. Domain Administration	Typosquatting
Australia	Federal Magistrates Court of Australia	2007-02-15	NAGG of 2002 v. Minister of Immigration	Politician	Cited by one of the parties.
United States	Superior Court of Connecticut	2007-02-05	Bloomdahl v. Wilf	Helicopter parent (as of 14:30, January 28, 2007)
United States	Indiana Court of Appeals	2007-02-02	Cincinnati Ins. Co. V. Davis	Saddle valve (accessed Dec 28, 2006)
United States	Washington Supreme Court	2007-02-01	Pub. Util. Dist. No. 2 of Grant County v. N. Am. Foreign Trade Zone Indus., LLC	Sherlock Holmes (as of Jan 29, 2007)	Cited in the dissenting opinion of Judge Chambers.
United States	Michigan Court of Appeals	2007-02-01	Fergison v. Stonebridge Life Ins. Co.	Recreational vehicle
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-02-01	Allter, S.L. v. Alternova A/S	Essential oil
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-01-30	Invensys Systems, Inc. v. 4Production AG	Software suite
United States	Washington Supreme Court	2007-01-25	State of Washington v. O'Neal	AR-15 (accessed Jan 23, 2007)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2007-01-22	Lucasfilm Ltd. (Case R 1392/2006-2)	Stormtrooper, Imperial stormtrooper
Canada	Ontario Superior Court of Justice	2007-01-19	R. v. Walkem		"When one Googles the phrase 'sexually transmitted diseases' you generate in excess of a million results (...) There is virtually no limit to the amount of information that can be accessed by a university bound or partially trained person living in Toronto in the 21st Century, even without resorting to the font of all information for 20 and 30 year olds, Wikipedia."
United States	Superior Court of Delaware	2007-01-19	State v. Cooke	CSI Effect
Australia	IP Australia	2007-01-18	Pioneer KK v Pioneer Computers	Peripheral device
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2007-01-18	Font Vella, S.A. v. Mathlouthi	es:DEA
Canada	Court of Quebec	2007-01-17	Singh v. Québec Inc.	Automatic transmission	"The Court wanting more information to determine whether the torque converter was part of the automatic transmission of a car consulted the Wikipedia free encyclopaedia on the web."
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2007-01-11	Case no. 060562872	Shan
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit	2007-01-10	Gashi v. U.S. AG	Wikipedia:Introduction
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit	2007-01-09	U.S. v.Radomski	Andrew Golota
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2007-01-09	Case no. 060837625	Elie Hobeika
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-12-14	Case no. 060748603	Tibetan Buddhism (accessed Nov 15, 2006)	"As a starting point, the Tribunal referred to Wikipedia..."
European Patent Organisation	Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office	2006-12-13	Rhein Chemie Rheinau v. Bridgestone Co. (T 0630/04)	Carbon black	Cited by one of the parties.
Canada	Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta	2006-12-05	Build-A-Vest Structures Inc. v. Red Deer (City)	Funeral home
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-12-04	Mediatek Inc. v. Micron Technology, Inc.	Semiconductor device
United Kingdom	Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service	2006-12-04	National Coll for School Leadership Ltd. v. Allan	Typosquatting
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-11-29	Case no. 060860015	Khon Kaen Province (accessed Nov 22, 2006)
Australia	Administrative Appeals Tribunal	2006-11-28	MacDonald and Comcare	Ataxia	Cited by one of the parties.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-11-15	Kaman Music Corp. v. Mühlbauer	Jam block
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-11-14	Backer v. Societé générale provencale d'achat et de gestion	de:Hooligan	The board justifies its reliance upon wikipedia with a quote from an opinion of the Court of First Instance: " 'The dictionaries in the language of the relevant public may, as a rule, be taken into consideration in that respect, both by the first instance at OHIM and by the boards of appeal, even if they have not been put to the parties, because they are, a priori, well-known facts. The dictionaries provide a pertinent indication of the correct pronunciation of the word in question in the host language, although there is no guarantee that that pronunciation is the one actually used in everyday speech. Moreover, the knowledge which the various bodies of OHIM may have as a result of the nationalities of its officials or members may well confirm information used in establishing the average consumer's pronunciation.' (Court of First Instance on 01/02./2005, T-57/03 - HOOLIGAN/OLLY GAN, paragraph 59; German version printed in GRUR Int. 2005, 489; an OJ OHIM 2005, 624)."
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-11-10	NewBay Software Ltd. (Case R 1465/2005-4)	Moblog
Philippines	Court of Appeals	2006-11-10	People v. Pecson (G.R. CR. No. 29573)	Diesel engine
United States	California Court of Appeal	2006-11-09	In re Carleisha P.	Ammunition (as of Nov 9, 2006)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-11-07	[Mundipharma AG v. Microsulis Ltd.	Science
WIPO	WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center	2006-11-06	N.M.Rothschild & Sons Ltd. v. Land Exchange, Inc.	Rothschild banking family of England
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-10-27	Case no. 060631942, 060634430, 060634388	Primary Indian Castes (accessed Aug 10, 2004)
United States	Alaska Court of Appeals	2006-10-27	Smart v. State	Palladium (mythology)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-10-27	Nordmilch eG v. Molkerei Alois Müller GmbH & Co.	Chutney, Relish, Müller
Philippines	Philippine Supreme Court	2006-10-25	Lambino v. COMELEC, (G.R. No. 174153)	Vox populi, vox Dei	Concurring opinion of Associate Justice Sandoval-Gutierrez.
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-10-23	Case no. 060490641	Gujarat (accessed Aug 4, 2004)
United States	Utah Supreme Court	2006-10-20	State v. Alvarez	Jesus Malverde (as of Oct 6, 2006)
United States	Texas Court of Criminal Appeals	2006-10-18	Watson v. State	Faro (card-game) (as of Sept 1, 2006)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-10-13	Eroski, S. Coop. v. Nordmilch eG	Soft drink
United States	U.S. District Court of Utah	2006-10-04	SCO v. IBM	Unix	Exhibit # 391 by IBM.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-10-03	Lakai, Ltd. v. T-Shirts International S.A.	Extreme sport
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-09-29	Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. (Case R 774/2006-2), Case R 405/2006-2)	Machine vision, Image
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-09-29	Case no. 060508093	Indian Union Muslim League, Panchayat
United States	Superior Court of Massachusetts	2006-09-28	Commonwealth v. Meeks	Pistol slide (as of Sept 25, 2006)
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2006-09-28	In re Thoroughbred Legends, LLC	Kelso (horse)	"The examining attorney's sole support for her contention that KELSO is a race horse is a reference to Wikipedia; however, applicant has conceded that KELSO is the name of a now-deceased and well-known race horse. Br. p. 5. Thus, our determination as to the significance of the name KELSO does not rely on the Wikipedia reference."
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-09-28	Bodegas y Vinedos Pascual Toso S.A. v. Bodegas San Valero, Sociedad cooperativa	es:Tosos
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2006-09-27	In re Cosmetic Dermatology, Inc.	Brandt	Cited by the examining attorney.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-09-25	Iron Maiden Holdings Ltd. v. New Allied Com, Ltd.	Iron maiden (torture device)
WIPO	WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center	2006-09-23	Media General Communications, Inc. v. Rarenames, WebReg	Call sign	The case involved a domain name dispute in accordance with the UDRP.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-09-21	O2 (Germany) GmbH & Co. OHG v. Nokia Corp.	Loop
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-09-20	Ferrer v. The Cartoon Network LP, LLLP	Toonami
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2006-09-19		Bobov, Aleksander (Hasidic dynasty), Satmar (Hasidic dynasty) (accessed June 21, 2007)	Cited in a Letter of Protest.
Canada	Federal Court	2006-09-19	Fi v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)		"In particular, the use of information from the Wikipedia website is highly questionable, as the reliability of its sources has not been demonstrated to the Court."
New Zealand	Social Security Appeal Authority	2006-09-13	Decision No. 069/06	Social Security (United States)	Cited by one of the parties.
United States	Texas Court of Appeals	2006-09-13	Living Ctrs. of Tex., Inc. v. Penalver	T-4 Euthanasia Program (as of Aug 20, 2006)	Exeplary use of a permanent link to Wikipedia.
Australia	Federal Magistrates Court of Australia	2006-09-07	Coolstar Holdings Pty Ltd v Cleary Ors	Dubai#History
United States	Supreme Court of Louisiana	2006-09-06	Lawson v. Mitsubishi Motor Sales of Am., Inc.	Short circuit (as of Feb 14, 2006)
United States	Wisconsin Court of Appeals	2006-09-06	Wash. County v. Wagner	Backstory (as of Aug 24, 2006)
United States	Indiana Court of Appeals	2006-08-31	Prop.-Owners Ins. Co. V. Ted's Tavern, Inc.	Intoxication (accessed Aug 10, 2006)
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2006-08-24	In re Light Effects, Inc.	Mosaic	Cited by the applicant.
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit	2006-08-22	Phillips v. Pembroke Real Estate, Inc.	Berne Convention, Bicycle Wheel (accessed July 27, 2006)
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit	2006-08-21	Reuland v. Hynes	Bronx, Manhatten, Brooklyn	Cited in the dissenting opinion of Judge Winter.
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2006-08-07	In re Mexico 69 SRL	De Puta Madre	Cited by the examining attorney as well as by the applicant.
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2006-08-04	In re Douglas Elslager	.info	"Although we are aware that there are some questions about the accuracy of information in Wikipedia, because the Examining Attorney made this excerpt of record with the first Office action, and because applicant has not challenged it, we have accepted the entry as showing that .info is a top level domain."
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-07-31	The Radical Fruit Company New York (Partnership) v. Burrow	List of soft drinks by country	Cited by the opponent.
United States	Supreme Court of Michigan	2006-07-31	People v. Peals	False choice (accessed July 7, 2006)	Cited in the dissenting opinion of Judge Kelly.
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2006-07-25	In re Regency Inns Management, Inc.	Convention center	"With his brief, the Examining Attorney has requested that the Board take judicial notice of definitions of the words "resort" and "convention center" taken from, respectively, One Look and Wikipedia. Because the entries are from on-line references, we decline to take judicial notice of them. See TBMP §1208.04 (The Board will not take judicial notice of definitions found only in on-line dictionaries and not available in a printed format)."
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2006-07-20	In re White	Mohawk	Cited by the examining attorney.
United States	California Court of Appeal	2006-07-20	People v. Chance	Revolver (as of July 20, 2006)
United States	Supreme Court of Michigan	2006-07-19	Radeljak v. DaimlerChrysler Corp	Ena Begovic (accessed May 10, 2006)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-07-13	Cometform Ltd. v. Luggage America, Inc.	Luggage
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-07-11	The Professional Golfers' Association Ltd. v. Ladies' Professional Golf Ass. Corp.	Professional Golfers' Association	An appeal (T-0248/06) against the decision before the Court of First Instance is pending.
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit	2006-06-29	U.S. v. Yazzen	Pink elephant (accessed June 27 2006)
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-06-27	Case no. 060331167	Druze
United Kingdom	High Court of England and Wales	2006-06-27	Kay v. the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis	Critical Mass
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-06-22	Case no. V0618399	Sworn virgin (accessed June 7, 2006)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-06-21	Banco de Sbadell, S.A. v. Brook Street Bureau Plc	Home care
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-06-16	Booker Plc v. Jim Beam Brands Co.	Booker
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-06-14	PGS Onshore, Inc. (Case R 614/2005-4)	Geophysical survey
Australia	Federal Magistrates Court of Australia	2006-06-13	Mathieson & Hamilton	Cryptid
United States	Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal	2006-06-07	Olibrices v. State	Ethnic group, (accessed May 11, 2006)
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2006-06-07	In re Halocarbon Products Corp.	Halocarbon	"The examining attorney, for the first time in his brief on appeal, "paraphrased" dictionary definitions of the term "halocarbon" taken from the on-line dictionaries "MyWiseOwl.com" and "Wikipedia.com." The examining attorney did not submit copies of the Internet printouts of the definitions. Applicant, in its reply brief, has objected to the definitions as untimely submitted. The Board has stated that it will not take judicial notice of dictionary definitions submitted after appeal that have been retrieved from on-line dictionaries that are not readily verifiable and reliable. In re Red Bull GmbH, 78 USPQ2d 1375 (TTAB 2006) and In re Total Quality Group Inc., 51 USPQ2d 1474 (TTAB 1999). Thus, applicant's objection to the on-line dictionary definitions is well taken, and we have not considered them in reaching our decision herein. However, as discussed infra, the Board has taken judicial notice of a definition of the term "halocarbon" taken from a print dictionary."
United States	Delaware Court of Chancery	2006-06-06	Williams v. White Oak Builders, Inc.	Sump pump, French drain
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-05-31	Aslan Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG v. Chetwode	Ana Aslan
United States	California Court of Appeal	2006-05-26	Apple v. Does	Firewire, Breakout box, GarageBand, Breakout, Asteroids, Arkanoid, Forum moderator, BBS, Blog, Webzine, Electronic paper	"As with many of the concepts in this opinion, the most authoritative and current sources of information may themselves be found on the Web. Thus FireWire is described by a well-known cooperative encyclopedia as ..."
United States	Wisconsin Court of Appeals	2006-05-23	State v. Bannister	Bloody shirt
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-05-22	World Magic International AVV. v. Character Games Ltd.	Street magic	"The appellant claims that Wikipedia does not provide entirely reliable information as the contents are posted by its readers. However, even though it is true that there exists some controversy over Wikipedia as a source, the Board is of the opinion that the additional material provided by the respondent and the information to be found on the website www.themagicschool.com support the information given in Wikipedia, therefore the Board sees no reason to doubt its reliability in this specific case."
United Kingdom	Competition Appeal Tribunal	2006-05-15	Media Marketing & Promotions v. Office of Communications	Rent
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-05-01	Case no. N05/52943	Patriotic Union (Colombia)
United States	Supreme Court of Iowa	2006-04-28	State v. Leckington	Jungle juice (accessed March 28, 2006)
United States	Indiana Court of Appeals	2006-04-25	Biddinger v. State	Hollow point bullet (accessed Mar. 22, 2006)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-04-25	FORMULA ONE LICENSING B.V. v. MV Innovation GmbH	Formula One
Germany	Federal Patent Court	2006-04-12	26 W (pat) 142/04	Human care
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-04-10	Valrhona S.p.A.S. (Case R 1318/2005-2)	Grand cru
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-04-03	Case no. N05/52960	Jehovah Witnesses (accessed Jan 10, 2006)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-03-30	Axon Solutions Ltd. v. Axen SPRL	Computer engineering, Telecommunication
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit	2006-03-29	Raymond v.Ameritech Co.	SBC Communications (accessed March 13, 2006)
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit	2006-03-24	N'Diom v.Gonzales	Mauritania (accessed Jan 17, 2006)
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2006-03-24	In re Microsoft Corp.	Cranium (board game)
United States	Ohio District Courts of Appeal	2006-03-24	Ernes v. Northeast Ohio Eye Surgs., Inc.	Infarction
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit	2006-03-23	U.S. v. Zajanckauskas	SS
Trinidad and Tobago	Court of Appeal of Trinidad and Tobago	2006-03-17	NH Int. v. Urban Development Co.	Value engineering
Council of Europe	European Court of Human Rights	2006-03-16	Ždanoka v. Latvia	Demographics of Latvia	Dissenting opinion of Judge Zupancic.
United States	Superior Court of Rhode Island	2006-03-13	Sitkin v. R-One Alloys, Inc.	Troy ounce
Council of Europe	European Court of Human Rights	2006-03-07	Hocaogullari v. Turkey	fr:Guerre du Vietnam	First citation by the European Court of Human Rights.
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-02-28	Case no. N05/52883	Pakistan#Religion
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-02-27	Hanse Chemie AG v. Perstorp Compounds AB	Thermosetting plastics
France	District Court of Paris	2006-02-23	04/14140	fr:Styles calligraphiques chinois	First known citation in French jurisprudence.
United States	Supreme Court of Louisiana	2006-02-22	State v. Pigford	Interstate 20
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-02-08	Dalan Kimya Endustri A.S. v. La Superquímica, S.A.	Detergent
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-02-03	Freelife Int., LLC (Case R 888/2005-4)	Goji
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2006-02-02	Voith Turbo GmbH & Co. KG v. Zoran Corp.	Computer
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-01-31	Mülhens GmbH & Co. KG v. Trishul Overseas Private Ltd.	Ayurvedic medicine
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2006-01-31	Case no. N05/52275	Demographics of Algeria (accessed Jan 23, 2006)
United States	U.S. Court of Federal Claims	2006-01-27	Campbell v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 69 Fed.Cl. 775	Febrile seizure	"A review of the Wikipedia website reveals a pervasive and, for our purposes, disturbing series of disclaimers." "At the least, an evidentiary hearing would have provided an opportunity for expert witnesses to corroborate or refute the information contained in the articles. Without such a hearing, reliance on these web materials involved an extraordinary risk that cannot be squared with the Special Master's responsibility for conducting a proceeding consistent with the principles of fundamental fairness."
United States	Oregon Land Use Board of Appeals	2006-01-26	Friends of the Metolius and Johnston v. Jefferson County	Grok
European Union	European Court of Justice	2006-01-17	Levi Strauss v. Casucci (C-145/05)	es:Jeans	Cited in the conclusions of the Advocate General. First known citation in proceedings of the European Court of Justice.
India	Supreme Court of India	2006-01-16	Anjaleem Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central Excise, Ahmedabad	Integrated circuit
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2006-01-13	Facet Pedreros, S.A. v. Stelman Int. Diamond Dealers, N. V.	Facet
United Kingdom	Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service	2006-01-12	BBT Thermotechnology UK Ltd v Brainfire Group (2006) DRS 3931	Danny Buderus	Cited in correspondence between the parties.
United States	U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit	2005-12-28	U.S. v. Coker	Sunroof (accessed Oct 27, 2005).
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2005-12-19	Huesker Synthetic GmbH v. Difel Marmol, S.L.	Building material
United States	Indiana Court of Appeals	2005-12-12	M.K. Plastics Corp. v. Rossi, N.E.2d, 2005 WL 3358644	Autocad (accessed Nov 17, 2005)
United States	California Court of Appeal	2005-12-09	People v. Acevedo	Spanish and Portuguese names (as of Dec 6, 2005)
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2005-12-06	Case no. N05/52155	Lebanon
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2005-12-05	Calico, S.A. v. Calico Jack Ltd.	Video game console (last visited November 29, 2005), Software agents (last visited November 29, 2005)
Germany	Superior Administrative Court Rhineland-Palatine	2005-12-02	10 A 10610/05.OVG	Umar Tall
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2005-11-24	British-American Tobacco (Germany) GmbH v. Gallaher Ltd.	Three kings
United States	Iowa Court of Appeals	2005-11-23	State v. Kante	Guinea
United States	Supreme Court of Texas	2005-11-22	Neeley v. West Orange-Cove Consol. Independent School Dist., S.W.3d, 2005 WL 3116298	Efficient (accessed Oct 13, 2005)
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2005-11-10	Case no. V05/18066	Military opposition to the Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill (Fiji)	Cited by the applicant.
Germany	Federal Patent Court	2005-11-08	33 W (pat) 265/03	Master unit
Netherlands	Hoge Raad der Nederlanden	2005-11-01	00013/05	nl:Botbreuk (Bone fracture)	First known citation in Dutch jurisprudence.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2005-10-28	Multiópticas, Unipessoal, Lda v. Coburn	Fresnel lens
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2005-10-27	Aktiv Kapital ASA v. Activa Capital S.A.S.	Accountancy
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2005-10-25	Mastercard International Inc. (Case R 450/2005-1)	CompactFlash, Memory Stick
United States	Tennessee Court of Appeals	2005-10-25	English Mountain Spring Water Co. v. Chumley, 2005 WL 2756072	Beverage	"It appears that the only case in the United States that has ever referenced Wikipedia is a nonpublished/ nonciteable California case. See Patel v. Shah (...) Given the fact that this source is open to virtually anonymous editing by the general public, the expertise of its editors is always in question, and its reliability is indeterminable. Accordingly, we do not find that it constitutes persuasive authority."
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2005-10-18	Vasco International S.à r.l. v. Antonio Nadal S.A.	Absinthe
Canada	Ontario Court of Justice	2005-10-14	R. v. N. (Y.)	Explanation
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2005-10-13	Case no. V05/18030	Mosul (accessed Oct 12, 2005)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2005-09-30	Wilhelm Sihn jr. GmbH & Co. KG v. Wi-Fi Alliance	wi-fi
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2005-09-29	Fronsac Investment S.A. v. Yakub	360 (number)
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2005-09-27	In re ChromTech Ltd	Chirality (chemistry)	Cited by the examining attorney.
United States	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	2005-07-15	In re Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.	Princeton University	Cited by the applicant.
United States	United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit	2005-09-15	Allegheny Defense Project, Inc. v. U.S. Forest Service, 423 F.3d 215	Understory (accessed August 24, 2005)
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2005-09-14	Case no. N05/51239	Christians in Iran#Current situation (accessed June 8, 2005)
Philippines	Philippine Supreme Court	2005-09-01	ABAKADA v. ERMITA (GR No. 168056)	Constitution of the United Kingdom (accessed August 4, 2005, 11:30am PST), Maurice Lauré (accessed August 23, 2005, 3:20pm PST)	Seperate opinion of Associate Justice Panganiban.
United States	California Court of Appeal	2005-08-24	People v. Hightower	FUBU
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2005-08-08	Case no. N05/51215	Communist Party of India (Marxist) (accessed June 29, 2005)
United States	United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit	2005-07-28	U.S. v. Krueger, 415 F.3d 766	Shake (cannabis)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2005-07-22	Atco-Qualcast Ltd. v. Engine Components Int., LLC	Internal combustion engine
United States	Supreme Court of Michigan	2005-07-15	Mich. DOT v. Hagerty Corridor Partners Ltd. P'ship	Hindsight bias
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2005-07-06	Antenne Niedersachsen GmbH & Co. KG v. Froehlich	Telecommunication
United States	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania	2005-06-29	Amco Ukrservice & Prompriladamco v. American Meter Co., 2005 WL 1541029, (E.D.Pa.)	Sea of Okhotsk (accessed June 23, 2005)
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2005-06-24	Case no. N05/50698	Al-Da'wa Party, Muqtada al-Sadr (accessed May 4, 2005)
United States	Superior Court of Pennsylvania	2005-06-15	In the Interest of F.P.	Instant messaging
Canada	Ontario Superior Court of Justice	2005-05-16	R. v. Budd	Trust (sociology)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2005-05-10	Banis v. BIO-FYT PHARMA N.V.	Anxiolytic	Cited by the appellant.
Australia	Federal Court of Australia	2005-03-16	Nine Films & Television Pty Ltd v Ninox Television Limited (2005) FCA 1404	Reality TV
Canada	Federal Court	2005-03-11	Almrei v. Minister for Citizenship and Immigration	Maher Arar	Cited by one of the parties.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2005-03-08	Productores Associados dos Vinhos Progresso do Douro, LDA v. Franz Wilhelm Langguth Erben GmbH & Co. KG	Hernán Cortés, pt:Hernán Cortés
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2005-02-23	Case no. N04/50301	Samajwadi Party	Cited by the applicant.
Canada	Federal Court	2005-02-17	Bajraktaraj v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)		"The quality of the sources relied upon by the applicant, including (...) a downloaded extract from an on-line encyclopaedia, 'Wikipedia,' that provided no references for its content, did not impress."
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2005-02-11	Case no. N04/50169	Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (accessed Aug 23, 2004)	Cited by the applicant.
United States	National Arbitration Forum	2005-02-01	Paisley Park Enterprises v. Lawson	NPG Records, Paisley Park Records, Category:Defunct record labels	Cited by one of the parties.
Philippines	Philippine Supreme Court	2005-01-17	MTRCB v. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Co. (G.R. No. 15528)	Documentary film, Dziga Vertov (accessed Dec 21, 2004)
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2004-12-20	Case no. V02/14634	Ba'ath Party
United States	California Court of Appeal	2004-12-17	Patel v. Shah, 2004 WL 2930914, (Cal. App. 4 Dist.)	Simple majority
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2004-12-15	Aldi Einkauf GmbH & Co. OHG v. The Dean and Chapter of the Collegiate College Church of St. Peter Westminster	de: Westminster
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals	2004-12-10	etalk Corporation (Case R 398/2004-2)	E
Switzerland	Swiss Federal Council	2004-12-10	Exe 2004.2129	de:Plagiat	First known citation in Swiss jurisprudence.
Philippines	Philippine Supreme Court	2004-12-01	La Bugal-B'laan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos (G.R. No. 127882)	Open-pit mining	Dissenting opinion of Associate Justice Carpio-Morales.
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2004-11-15	Case no. V04/16985	Punjab (India) (accessed July 20, 2004)
Philippines	Court of Appeals	2004-11-12	Inter-Orient Navigation v. NLRC (G.R. SP NO. 84300)	Psychosis
Austria	Independent Federal Asylum Board	2004-11-08	239.234/11-I/03/04	Afghanistan_timeline_1976-1980 (accessed April 2004)
United States	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia	2004-10-15	Demmon v. Loudoun County Pub. Schs, 342 F. Supp. 2d 474 (2004)	Hollywood Walk of Fame
United States	United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit	2004-10-15	Bourgeois v. Peters, 387 F.3d 1303	Department of Homeland Security Advisory System (accessed August 26, 2004)
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2004-08-27	Case no. N04/48913	Hamas
United States	United States District Court for the District of Utah	2004-08-23	SCO v. IBM	Linus Torvalds, Andrew S. Tanenbaum	Cited byIBM.
Austria	Independent federal asylum board	2004-08-02	236.047/0-XI/33/03g	de:Dari	First known citation in Austrian jurisprudence.
United States	Michigan Supreme Court	2004-07-30	Bryant v. Oakpointe Villa Nursing Centre, 471 Mich. 411 (2004)	Positional asphyxia (accessed July 27, 2004)
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2004-07-28	Banco 21, S.A. v. Banca 121 S.p.A.	Bank
WIPO	WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center	2004-07-07	Wachovia Corporation v. American Consumers First	Schwa
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2004-07-06	Case no. V04/16635	Religious conversion
Germany	Administrative court Augsburg	2004-04-28	Au 7 K 04.30251	Raï
Australia	Refugee Review Tribunal	2004-02-17	Case no. N02/45298	Pakistan, Afghanistan, North-West Frontier, Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan, Balochistan, Pakistan, Pakistan, Pakistan,	The version published on AustLII containes hyperlinks to Wikipedia. It remains uncertain whether they form part of the original text.
Germany	Federal Patent Court	2004-02-16	30 W (pat) 199/02	de:Explorer (accessed Jan 19, 2004)	First citation in a German federal court.
Germany	Administrative court Göttingen	2004-01-30	2 A 2145/02	de:Semitische Sprachen	First known citation in a court ruling worldwide: "Arabic belongs to the hamosemitic language family (cp. the following chart, cited according to Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, www.wikipedia.de)."
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2004-01-12	Jackson v. Loders Croklaan B.V.	Nutrient
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2003-11-26	Banco Gallego, S.A. v. Banca 121 S.p.A.	Bank
United States	Supreme Court of Texas	2003-11-04	New Times v. Isaacks	Satire, A Modest Proposal (accessed Oct 13, 2003)	Cited in an Amicus curiae brief of the Association of American Publishers.
United Nations	International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea	2003-09-20	Malaysia v. Singapore	List of countries by population density	Quoted in the submisson of Singapore.
United States	United States Patent and Trademark Office	2003-09-08	Boy Scouts of America v. Gregory J. Wrenn	Scouting	Cited by the defendant as an example of generic terms in defense of the mark "Youthscouts."
United States	District Court, Larimer County, Colorado	2003-07-01	The people of the State of Colorado v. Kaplan	Fuck	Cited by one of the parties.
European Union	Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions	2003-02-27	Polk v. Slob-Trot Software Oy Ab	Computer program

See also

• Wikipedia in judicial opinions (Similar project)

• Citing Wikipedia
• Researching with Wikipedia
• Permalinks and versions

• Wikipedia Signpost, July 16, 2007: British agency cites Wikipedia in denying F1 trademark
• Wikipedia Signpost, January 29, 2007: Court decisions citing Wikipedia proliferate
• Wikipedia Signpost, July 3, 2006: Wikipedia cited by the High Court of England and Wales

External links

• When Is It Appropriate to Cite to Wikipedia? (Daniel J. Solove, Concurring Opinions Blog, February 5, 2007)
• Courts Turn To Wikipedia, But Selectively (Noam Cohen, New York Times, January 29, 2007)
• The Patent Office: Getting Wiki With It (Alan Cohen, January 16, 2007)
• Courting Wikipedia, citing Wikipedia (Jon Garfunkel, Civilities Blog, May 30, 2006)
• Wikipedia's Future in the Courts (Patrick Ferguson, May 9, 2006)
• Wikipedia cited in court opinions (Eugene Volokh, The Vologh Conspiracy Blog, October 18, 2004)
• F-words (Joe Gratz, July 31, 2003)